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"There be some perfumes, prescribed by the writers of natural

The winds were love-sick with magic, which procure pleasant

them."

dreams."- Sylva Sylvarum (1622

Anthony and Cleopatra, ii. 2 25). (1623).

767

LOVE'S KEEPSAKES

"Give me your gloves, I'll wear them for your sake;

"It helpeth to continue love, if one wear a ring or a bracelet, of the hair of the party beloved; perhaps a glove, or other like favor, Merchant of Venice, iv. 2 (1600). may as well do it.” — Ibid.

And, for your love, I'll take this

ring from you."

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The dramatist applies the term "wonder" to Miranda and Stephano in the same sense in which Bacon applies it in the passage cited above; that is, not only to what is beyond the sphere of our knowledge, but also to what is divine. This is Bacon's formal definition of the word.

me. Maria.

769

COMMON AND SEVERAL

"Boyet. So you grant pasture for [Offering to kiss her. Not so, gentle beast. My lips are no common, though several they be."

Love's Labor's Lost, ii. 1 (1598).

“There is no beast that if you take him from the common and put him into the several, but he will wax fat."-Apothegms (posthumous).

770

GOLD TRIED BY THE TOUCHSTONE

From Shake-speare

"Holding out gold that's by the

touchstone tried."

From Bacon

"Chilon would say, that gold was tried with the touchstone.".

Pericles, ii. 2 (1609). Apothegms (posthumous).

771

GALEN, A QUACK

"The most sovereign prescription in Galen is but empiricutic." Coriolanus, ii. 1 (1623.)

"Galen was a man of very narrow mind, false to experience, and Temthe emptiest of reasoners." poris Partus Masculus (c. 1585).

An empirical physician is one who bases the methods of his practice wholly on his own observations, without any scientific training or knowledge. Bacon says (Advancement of Learning), that it is an error to commit any person to the care of empirics. Burton classes empirics with mountebanks. The dramatist himself makes one of his characters express the same opinion, thus:

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Galen was the most celebrated of ancient medical writers. He practised the profession of medicine in Rome, where by his great learning and unparalleled success he won the double title of "wonder-speaker" "and wonder-worker." Marcus Aurelius was one of his admirers. For more than a thousand years after his death his authority in medical science was supreme throughout Europe; and yet Bacon and Shake-speare both denounced him as a quack.

772

CÆSAR'S AMBITION

"Cæsar's ambition

(Which swell'd so much that it

did almost stretch

"He [Cæsar] allowed neither country, nor religion, nor services, nor kindred, nor friendships, to be

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Bacon devoted a part of one of the folios in his Promus to the subject of salutations. We give a few of them, reduced to modern orthography, and in the order in which they are entered:

"Good morrow,

Good soir,

Good travel,

Good haste,

Good matin,

Good betimes,

Bon jour,

Good day to me and good morrow to you,

I have not said all my prayers till I have bid you good morrow."

It is evident that Bacon was making an effort in 1594-96 to introduce salutations of this kind into English speech. It is also evident that several of the above came from France, where they were in common use, and where Bacon had spent

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