tionibus, venditionibus, locationi- by the contract; but not the pupil, unless the tutor hath authorised it. bus, mandatis, depositis, si tutores auctoritas non interveniat, ipsi quidem, qui cum his contrahunt, obligantur; at invicem pupilli non obligantur. Exceptio. I. Neque tamen hæreditatem adire, neque bonorum possessionem petere, neque hæreditatem ex fideicommisso suscipere, aliter possunt, nisi tutoris auctoritate, (quamvis illis lucrosa sit,) ne ullum damnum habeant. 1. But no pupil, without the authority of his tutor, can enter upon an inheritance, or take upon him the possession of goods, or an inheritánce in trust; for, there is á possibility of damage, as well as gain. Quomodo auctoritas interponi debet. § II. Tutor autem statim in ipso negotio præsens debet auctor fieri, si hoc pupillo prodesse existimaverit. Post tempus verò, vel per epistolam, aut per nuntium, interposita auctoritas nihil agit. 2. If a tutor would authorise any act, which he esteems advantageous to his pupil, he should be personally present; for his authority hath no effect, when given by letter, by messenger, or after contract. Quo casu interponi non potest. III. Si inter tutorem pupillumque judicio agendum sit, quia ipse tutor in rem suam auctor esse non potest, non prætorius tutor (ut olim) constituir, sed curator in locum ejus datur; quo curatore interveniente, judicium peragitur; et, eo peracto, curator esse desinit. 3. When a suit is to be commenced between a tutor and his pupil, inasmuch as the tutor can not exer cise his authority, as such, against himself, a curator, and not a prætorian tutor, (as was formerly the custom,) is appointed, by whose invention the suit is carried on; and, when it is determined, the curatorship ceases. A TITULUS VIGESIMUS-SECUNDUS. QUIBUS MODIS TUTELA FINITUR. C. v. T. 60. De pubertate. PUPILLI, pupiliæque, cum puberes esse cœperint, à tutelâ liberantur. Pubertatem autem veteres quidem non solùm ex annis, sed etiam ex habitu corporis, in masculis æstimari volebant. Nostra autem majestas, dignum esse castitate nostrorum temporum existimans, benè putavit, quod in fœminis etiam antiquis impudicum esse visum est, id est, inspectionem habitudinis corporis, hoc etiam in masculos extendere: et idco, nostrâ sanctâ constitutione promulgatâ, pubertatem in masculis post decimum quartum annum completum illicò initium accipere disposuimus: antiquitatis vormam in fœminis benè positam in suo ordine relinquentes, ut post duodecim annos completos, viri potentes esse credantur. Pupils, both male and female, are freed from tutelage, when they arrive at puberty. The ancients judged of puberty in males, not by years only, but also by the habit of their bodies. But our imperial majesty, regarding the purity of the present times, hath thought it proper, that the same decency, which was ever observed toward females, should be extended also to males: and therefore, by our sacred constitution, we have enacted, that puberty in males should be reputed to commence immediately after the completion of their fourteenth year. But, in relation to females, we leave that wholesome and ancient rule of law unaltered, by which they are esteemed marriageable after the twelfth year is comple ted. De mente captis, surdis, &c. § IV. Sed et mente captis, et surdis, et mutis, ct illis, qui perpetuo morbo laborant, (quia rebus suis superesse non possunt,) curatores dandi sunt. §4. Perons deprived of their intellects, deaf, mute, or subject to any continual disorder, since they are unable to manage their own affairs, must be placed under curators. De pupillis. SV. Interdum autem et pupilli curatores accipiunt ; ut puta, si legitimus tutor non sit idoneus: quoniam habenti tutorem tutor dari non potest. Item, si testamento datus tutor, vel à prætore aut præside, idoneus non sit ad administrationem, nec tamen fraudulenter negotia administret, solet ei curator adjungi. Item loco tutorum, qui non in perpetuum, sed ad tempus â tutelà excusantur, solent curatores dari. 5. Sometimes even pupils receive curators; as when the legal tutor is unqualified: for a tutor must not be given to him, who already has a tutor. Also, if a tutor by testament, or appointed by a prætor, or the governor of a province, appears afterwards incapable of executing his trust, it is usual, although he is guilty of no fraud, to appoint a curator to be joined with him. It is also usual to assign curators in the place of tutors excused for a time only. De constituendo actore. S VI. Quod si tutor vel adversâ valetudine, vel aliâ necessitate, impediatur, quo minus negotia pupilli administrare possit, et pupillus vel absit, vel infans sit, quem velit actorem, periculo ipsius tutoris, prætor, vel qui provinciæ præerit, decreto constituet. § 6. If a tutor, by illness or any other necessary impediment, should be disabled from the execution of his office, and his pupil sl:ould be absent, or an infant, then the prætor, or governor of the province shall decree any person, whom the tutor approves of, to be the pupil's agent, on the responsibility of the tutor. |