verb Telum autem, ut Cajus noster ex The term telum, according to interpretatione legum duodecim Caius's interpretation, commonly tabularum scriptum reliquit, vulgò signifies an arrow made to be shot quidem id appellatur, quod arcu from a bow, but it is now used to mittitur; sed et nunc omne signifi- denote any missile weapon, or whatcat, quod manu cujusque jacitur. ever is thrown from the hand; hence Sequitur ergò, ut lignum, et lapis, a club, a stone, or a piece of iron, et ferrum, hoc nomine continean- may be comprehended under that aptur; dictum ab eo, quod in longin- pellation. The word telum is eviquum mittitur, a Græca voce TM dently derived from the Greek adfiguratum. Et hanc significationem invenire possumus et in Græco nomine; nam, quod nos telum appellamus, illi Beλ appellant TO TỪ βαλλεσθαι. Admonet nos Xenophon; nam ita scribit: Kara BEλN όμως εφέρετο, λόγχα, τοξεύματα, σφενδόναι, πλετοι δε και λίθοι. Sicarii autem appellantur à sicâ, quod significat ferreum cultrum. Eadem lege et venefici capite damnantur, qui artibus odiosis, tam venenis, quam susurris magicis, homines, occiderint; vel mala medicamenta publicè vendiderint. x, procul, because thrown from a distance. And we may trace the same analogy in the Greek word Beλos: for what we call telum, the Greeks term βιλος, from βαλλεσθαι 10 throw; and of this we are informed by Xenophon, who writes thus : Darts also were carried, spears, arrows, slings and a multitude of stones. Assassins and murderers are called sicarii from sica, which signifies a short crooked sword or ponyard. The same law also inflicts a capital punishment upon those, who practice odious arts, or sell pernicious medicaments, occasioning the death of mankind, as well by poison, as by magical incantations. De parricidiis. 5 VI. Alia deinde lex asperrimum crimen novà pœna persequitur, quæ Pompeia de parricidiis vocatur; quà cavetur, ut, si quis parentis aut filii, aut omninò affectionis ejus, que nuncupatione parentum-continetur, fata præparaverit, (sivè clàm, sivè palàm, id ausus fuerit,) nec non is, cujus dolo malo id factum est, vel conscius 6. The law Pompeia inflicts a new punishment upon those who commit parricide, the most execrable of all crimes. This law ordains that whoever, either publicly or privately, hastens the death of a parent or a child, or of any person comprized under the tye, or denomination of a parent, shall be punished as a parricide; and he also, who hath criminis existit, licèt extraneus sit, pœna parricidii puniatur: et neque gladio, neque ignibus, neque ulli solemni pœnæ subjiciatur, sed insutus culeo cum cane, et gallo gallinaceo, et viperâ, et simiâ, et inter eas ferales angustias comprehensus, (secundùm quod regionis qualitas tulerit,) vel in vicinum mare, vel in amnem projiciatur; ut omnium elementorum usu vivus carere incipiat, et ei cœlum superstiti, et terrâ mortuo, auferatur. Si quis autem alias cognatione vel affinitate personas conjunctas necaverit, pœnam legis Cornelia de sicariis sustinebit. advised, or been privy to the transaction, although a stranger. A criminal, in this case, is not put to death by the sword, by fire, nor by any ordinary punishment; the law directs, that he shall be sewed up in a sack, with a dag, a cock, a viper, and an ape, and, being put up in this horrid inclosure, shall be thrown either into the sea, or an adjacent river, according to the situation of the place, where the punishment is inflicted: thus he is deprived of the very elements, while living; so that his living body is denied the benefits of the air, and his dead body the use of the earth. But, if a man be guilty of the murder of any other person, related to him, either by cognation or affinity, he is only subject to the punishment inflicted by the law Cornelia de sicariis. publicâ seu privatâ adversus eos exoritur, qui vim vel armatam, vel sinè armis, commiserint; sed, siquidem armata vis arguatur, deportatio ei ex lege Juliâ de vi publicà irrogatur; si verò sinè armis, in tertiam partem bonorum suorum publicatio imponitur. Sin autem per vim raptus virginis, vel viduæ, vel sanctimonialis, vel alterius, fuerit perpetratus, tunc et raptores, et ii, qui opem huic flagitio dederunt, capite puniuntur, secundùm nostræ constitutionis definitionem, ex quâ hoc apertius possibile est scire. public and private force, take place against all, who use force, whether armed or unarmed; but, if proof be made of an armed force, the punishment is deportation by that law; and, if the force be not accompanied with arms, the penalty is confiscation of one third part of the offender's goods: nevertheless, if a rape be committed upon a virgin, a widow, a nun, or upon any other person, both the ravishers and their accomplices are all equally subject to capital punishment, according to the decision of our constitution; from which more may be known of this subject. De ambitu, repetundis, annona, residuis. § XI. Sunt præterea publica judicia; lex Julia de ambitu, lex Julia repetundarum, et lex Julia de annona, et lex Julia de residuis, quæ de certis capitulis loquuntur, et animæ quidem amissionem non irrogant; aliis autem pœnis eos subjiciunt, qui præcepta earum neglexerint. 11. There are also other public judgments; such are the Julian laws de ambitu, repetundarum, de annonà, de residuis; which do not punish with death, but inflict other punishments upon those, who offend. Conclusio. § XII. Sed de publicis judiciis hæc exposuimus, ut vobis possibile sit summo digito, et quasi per indicem, ea tetigisse ; alioqui diligentior eorum scientia vobis, ex latioribus digestorum seu pandectarum libris, Deo propitio adventura est. 12. Thus much we have stated on the subject of public judgments, as an index, to give a general idea of that knowledge, which, through the blessing of God, may be most fully and particularly obtained, by perusing the digests with a diligent attention. FINIS LIBRI QUARTI ET ULTIMI INSTITUTIONUM. |