veterani, vel extra castra alii, si faciant adhuc militantes testamentum, communi omnium civium Romanorum jure id facere debent. Et quod in castris fecerint testamentun non communi jure, sed quomodo voluerint, post missionem intra annum tantùm valebit. Quid ergò si intra annum quis decesserit, conditio autem hæredi adscripta post annum extiterit? an quasi militis testamentum valeat? Et placet valere quasi miltis. in tents. For, if veterans after dismission, or soldiers out of camp, would make their testaments, they must pursue the forms required of all the citizens of Rome. And, if a testament be made in camp, and the solemnities of the law are not adhered to, it will continue valid only for one year after dismission from the army. Suppose therefore, a soldier should die testate within a year after his dismission, and the condition, enjoined upon the heir should happen after the year, would his testament be valid? We answer, it would prevail as a military testament. De facto ante militiam testamento. § IV. Sed et, si quis ante militiam non jure fecit testamentum, et miles factus, et in expeditione degens, resignavit illud, et quædam adjecit sive detraxit, vel aliàs manifesta est militis voluntas, hoc valere volentis, dicendum est, valere hoc testamentum, quasi ex novâ militis voluntate. § 4. If a man, before entering into the army, should make his testament irregularly, and afterwards, upon an expedition, open it for the purpose of adding, or striking out ; or if he should otherwise make his intention manifest, that this testament should be valid, it must be pronounced so, by virtue of this republication. De milite arrogato vel emancipato. § V. Denique, et si in arrogationem datus fuerit miles, vel filiusfamilias emancipatus est, testamentum ejus quasi ex novâ militis voluntate, valet: nec videtur capitis diminutione irritum fieri. 5. If a soldier be given in arrogation, or, being the son of a family, be emancipated, his testament is equally valid, as if he had republished it by a new declaration: nor is it invalidated by his change of state. De peculio quasi castrensi. VI. Sciendum tamen est, quod, oum ad exemplum castrensis peculii, tam anteriores leges, quam prin 6. Be it known, that, since the ancient laws, as well as the later constitutions, have, in imitation of the NON tamen omnibus licet facere testamentum: statim enim ii, qui alieno juri subjecti sunt, testamenti faciendi jus non habent: adeò quidem ut, quamvis parentes eis permiserint, nihilo magis jure testari possint: exceptis iis, quos antea enumeravimus, et præcipuè militibus, qui in potestate parentum sunt; quibus de eo, quod in castris acquisiverunt, permissum est, ex constitutionibus principum, testamentum facere.. Quod quidem jus ab initio tantum militantibus datum est, tam ex auctoritate Divi Augusti, quam Nervæ, nec non op R The right of making a testament is not granted to all. Persons under the power of others, have not this right: so that, although parents have given permission, this will not enable their children to make a valid testament; those excepted whom we have already mentioned, and principally sons of families engaged in the army, who by our constitutions may bequeath whatever they have acquired by military service. This permission was at first granted by Augustus, Nerva, and that excellent prince Trajan, to actual soldiers only; but afterwards it was timi imperatoris Trajani: postea verò subscriptione Divi Hadriani etiam dimissis à militià, id est, veteranis, concessum est. Itaque, siquidem fecerint de castrensi peculio testamentum, pertinebit hoc ad eum, quem hæredem reliquerunt: si verò intestati decesserint nullis liberis vel fratribus superstitibus, ad parentes eorum, jure communi pertinebit. Ex hoc intelligere possumus, quod in castris acquisierit miles, qui in potestate patris est, neque ipsum patrem adimere posse, neque patris creditores id vendere, vel alitèr inquietare, neque patre mortuo cum fratribus commune esse; sed scilicèt proprium esse ejus, qui id in castris acquisierit: quanquàm jure civili omnium, qui in potestate parentum sunt, peculia, perindè in bonis parentum computentur, ac servorum peculia in bonis dominorum numerantur : exceptis videlicèt iis, quæ ex sacris constitutionibus, et præcipuè nostris, propter diversas causas non acquiruntur. Præter hos igitur, qui castrense peculium vel quasi castrense habent, si quis alius filiusfamilias testamentum fecerit, inutile est; licet suæ potestatis factus decesserit. extended by the emperor Adrian to veterans, that is, to soldiers who had received their dismission: and therefore, if the son of a family bequeath his castrensian or military estate, it will pass to his instituted heir: but, if such son die intestate without children or brothers, his estate will then pass of common right to his father, (or other paternal ascendants.) We may hence infer, that whatever a soldier, although under power, hath acquired by military service, can not be taken from him even by his father; whose creditors cannot sell it, or otherwise disturb the son in his possession; and what is thus acquired is not liable to be shared in common with brothers, upon the demise of the father, but remains the sole property of him, who acquired it; although by the civil lary, the peculia, or estates of those, who are under power, are reckoned among the wealth of their parents; in the same manner as the peculium of a slave is esteemed the property of his master. But those estates must be excepted, which by the constitutions of the emperors, and chiefly by our own, are prohibited for divers reasons to be acquired for parents. Upon the whole, if the son of a fami ly, neither possessed of a military or quasi-military estate, make a testament, it will not be valid, even though he be afterwards emancipated, and sui juris before his death. De impubere et furioso. § I. Præterea testamentum facere non possunt impuberes ; quia nullum eorum animi judicium est. Item furiosi; quia mente carent. Nec ad rem pertinet, si impubes postea pubes, aut furiosus postea compos mentis factus fuerit, et decesserit. Furiosi autem, si per id tempus fecerint testamentum, quo furor eorum intermissus est, jure testati esse videntur; certè eo, quod ante furorem fecerint, testamento valente: nam neque testamentum rectè factum, neque ullum aliud negotium rectè gestum, posteà furor interveniens perimit. 1. A person, within the age of puberty, cannot make a good testament; because he is not supposed to possess the requisite judgment of mind; so of a madman, inasmuch as he is deprived of his senses. Nor is it material though the minor crrive at puberty before his death; or the madman regain his senses, and then die. But, if he make his will during a lucid interval, he is a legal testator; for it is certain that a testament, which a man hath made before he was seized with madness, is good: for a subsequent fit of phrenzy can neither invalidate a regular testament, or any other regular D. xxviii. T. 2. C. vi. T. 28, 29. Nov. 115. Jus vetus de liberis in potestate. NON tamen, ut omninò valeat The solemnities of law, before extestamentum, sufficit hæc observatio, quam supra exposuimus: sed, qui filium in potestate habet, curare debet, ut eum hæredem insti plained, are not alone sufficient to make a testament valid. For he, who has a son under his power, should take care either to institute |