the chief inspector, with such observations as each inspection calls for.

15. That the chief inspector visit periodically the works of the members in each district in succession, and, in conjunction with the sub-inspector, examine the boilers and furnaces and all apparatus pertaining thereto, and call attention to such points as are susceptible of improvement.

16. That the chief inspector attend on the special summons in writing of any member to test the strength of boilers, the loading of safety-valves, and the pressure of steam, or other special duties, for which service an extra charge shall be made to such member, according to a scale fixed by the committee.

17. That, in all cases of inspection, as also when the inspector has been summoned to test a boiler, or for other special purpose, he is to send to the secretary within forty-eight hours a written report of his visit, specifying the facts and the results of the case, which report the secretary is to inscribe in the record of the inspector's proceedings, and send a copy forthwith to the firm reported on.

18. That every member have free access to the results recorded in the office of the secretary; but in all books and reports open to the inspection of the members, each firm shall be designated by a number, and the names of firms shall only be given with their consent.

19. That, unless prohibited by the owners, the chief and subinspectors shall, at all reasonable times, have access to the steam boilers of the members, and to all apparatus connected therewith on which safety depends.

20. That it shall be the duty of the chief inspector to give to the members every information and all useful facts which his experience and knowledge of results supply in respect to the various forms and construction of steam-engines, boilers and furnaces, and all apparatus appertaining to them, so as to guide the members to the safest and most economical means of raising and using steam. But it is not intended that the inspectors, either in testing boilers or other apparatus, or in communicating information, or advising in respect to any matter or thing in the discharge of their duties, shall take upon themselves any responsibility to supersede in any degree that of the members or their servants.

21. That the responsibility of the committee be limited to the duty of selecting the most trusty and experienced officers they can find, or whose services they can obtain, and to provide for reference a faithful record of all important facts and results obtained in the course of inspection, such results to be given in a condensed and tabulated form in a yearly report of the proceedings to the general meeting.

22. That parties residing at a distance out of the sphere of the operations of the association be admitted corresponding members, and be entitled to copies of all the reports and statements printed, and have access to all the documents prepared for reference by the members within the circuit, on payment of a yearly subscription of £2.

APPENDIX V.

Report by WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, Civil Engineer, Manchester; JAMES LESLIE, Civil Engineer, Edinburgh; and ROBERT JOHNSTON, Brick-Builder, Glasgow; to the Dean of Guild Court of Glasgow.

MY LORD AND GENTLEMEN,

In pursuance of your remit to us of date the second day of March last, in the action depending before you, at the instance of the Procurator Fiscal of Court, Pursuer, against Messrs. Charles Todd and Higginbotham, Defenders, we have visited and carefully inspected the Defenders' premises in Commercial Road, Hutchesontown, of Glasgow, and investigated and considered the whole matter remitted to us, and have now to report to you the result of our deliberations. This we propose to do by describing (1st), the state of the Defenders' premises, with reference to the subject of our investigation, as we found them on examination; and (2nd), the remedies and directions we have to suggest for removing or abating the nuisance of smoke, complained of as arising from the Defenders' Works.

I.-State of Premises.

The Cotton Manufactory, of which the Defenders are the occupiers, is situated in Commercial Road, Hutchesontown, in the town of Glasgow. It contains 500 power-looms, and is worked by a condensing steam-engine of 25 nominal horse power. The cylinder is 28 inches diameter, 5 feet stroke, and makes 36 strokes per minute. It is supplied with steam from four boilers and four furnaces of the following dimensions, namely:

All these boilers are of the same (cylindrical) construction, with flat ends, with the exception of No. 2, which has a centre flue.

The furnaces are placed immediately under the boilers, as shown in a sketch which we submitted (No. 1), and the flame travels the length of the boilers three times along the bottom and two side flues, before it enters the chimney.

By this arrangement, the heated currents or carbonaceous matter passes from the furnace along the bottom to the extreme end of the boiler, where it ascends into the side flue A ; it is then conducted along the side and across the flat end in front into the flue B, whence it escapes into the chimney.

By this process it will be observed that the gaseous products of the furnace make a circuit of three lengths of the boiler before they finally arrive at the main flue that conducts to the chimney.

Three of the boilers, Nos. 1, 3, and 4, are built or placed in this manner; but No. 2, having a centre flue, requires a different construction. In this boiler the flame passes, as before, along the bottom; it then rises into the centre flue, and arriving at the front end separates into two distinct columns, and thence passes onwards to the chimney. This boiler, from its enlarged

heating surface, is a superior generator of steam to those constructed without internal flues, but defective when compared with others of more modern construction. The whole four boilers are in use for raising steam to supply the engine, excepting only a small portion, probably about one-sixth, which is taken to boil and prepare size for the looms.

The consumption of fuel, when compared with the power of the engine, is very considerable; and contrasting it with other establishments, it appears that nearly one-half is wasted, passing either into the ash-pit or the atmosphere unconsumed.

In attempting to estimate the quantity of coal used by this engine, unfortunately we have no indicator diagrams to guide us, either as regards the vacuum or its general working condition. But assuming the velocity of the piston to be 360 feet per minute, and the pressure of steam 15 lbs. on the square inch, a force of not less than 75 horse would be the result. The horse-power in this case is taken at 33,000 lbs., raised one foot high in a minute.

Comparing this with the quantity of coal consumed, 40 tons per week, we find the enormous expenditure of 193 lbs. of coal per horse-power per hour, and that calculated at 75 horse, the assumed power given out by the engine.

In a well-constructed condensing engine of this kind, the consumption of coal should not exceed 10 lbs. per horse-power per hour, including that used for boiling, preparing size, and heating the mill..

In our best-constructed engines working expansively, the consumption does not exceed 4 lbs. per horse-power per hour, and when carefully and well managed, is reduced as low as 31 to 31 lbs.

We have stated these facts to show how great and unnecessary a waste is going on in this comparatively small establishment, and probably in many others of the same description in the city of Glasgow. A wasteful expenditure of this kind is invariably accompanied by its attendant evil-smoke.

Taking into consideration the heavy load the steam-engine has had to overcome, and the defective state of the boilers, we were not surprised at the quantity of fuel consumed, and the annoyance these works must have caused to the neighbourhood

It is our opinion that these defects may be remedied, and for this purpose we respectfully submit the following suggestions and directions :—

II.-Remedies and Directions.

There are innumerable schemes and patents at present in operation for the consumption of smoke ;-Moving Grate Bars, Juke's Patent, Witty's Universal Smoke Consuming Apparatus, and a hundred others. Wishing, however, to avoid all complexity and unnecessary expense in construction, we are of opinion that the object may be effected in one of three ways; namely, 1st, by a common circular boiler of sufficient power; 2nd, by the introduction of the double flue and double furnace boiler, with alternate firings, which is probably a more economical plan than the preceding; or 3rd, by the introduction of one of the multitubular boilers, 24 feet long, 7 feet diameter, with double furnaces, mixing chamber, and about 110 to 120 3-inch tubes (as shown in sketch which we submitted, No. 2), which is the best and most approved plan.

In the above construction of boiler, A is the furnace shown double at B, B, in the section; C is the mixing chamber where the gases passing from both flues are united; a, a are vertical tubes, of which there are three of about 12 inches diameter, made conical, and intended as stays for that part where the two flues pass into one, forming an ellipse at one end and a circle at the other. These tubular stays not only strengthen and retain the ellipse in form, but they answer the double purpose of powerful generators, as the heated currents impinge against them in their passage from the furnace to the mixing chamber, and to the tubes D, where the remaining portion of the heat is absorbed.

With this description of boiler, assuming the engine to be in good working condition, and that proper attention is paid to the management of the furnace, the emission of great volumes of smoke may be greatly mitigated, if not entirely prevented, and that by a few simple rules very easy of application. These rules will be found at the end of the Report.

Boilers thus constructed are calculated, from the large ab