HISTORY OF EUROPE FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON IN MDCCCXV TO THE ACCESSION OF LOUIS NAPOLEON IN MDCCCLII BY SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART., D. C. L. Author of the "History of Europe from the Commencement of the French CONTENTS OF VOL. III. CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF GERMANY, FROM THE TERMINATION OF THE WAR OF LIBERA- TION IN 1814 TO THE GREAT CONVULSIONS OF Peace_necessary to Germany after the Efforts of Delay in performing these Promises on the Great Effect of the French Revolution in check- ing German Freedom.-Increase of this Feeling with the Belgian and Polish Revolutions.-Ef- fect of the Siege of Antwerp in 1832.-Stringent Measures of the Diet against the Press. Decree of July 5 of the Diet.-Immense Sensation pro- duced by these Decrees over Europe.-Riot in Frankfort, and its Occupation by the Austrians. -Congress of Sovereigns at Münchengratz.- Fresh Riot at Frankfort, which is put under Mar- munication to the Diet.-Change in the public Mind in Germany toward material Objects.- Refusal of the Diet to restore the Constitution of Hanover.-Dispute between the Prussian Gov- ernment and the Pope regarding the Archbishop of Cologne.-Immense Sensation excited by this Event.-Wise internal Regulations of the Prus- sian Government.-Amnesty on the 300th An- niversary of the Reformation, and Treaty of Rec- iprocity with Holland.-Death of the King of Prussia, and Revival of the Question of the Con- stitution.-Answer of the King.-Adjustment of the Dispute with the See of Rome.-Opening of the provincial Estates, and with which it was attended.-Extension of the Zollverein, and increasing intellectual Strength of Prussia.-Vast System of Railways in North- ern Germany.-Inauguration of the Cathedral of Cologne, and King's Speech at it.-Meeting of the general Estates at Berlin.-Secret Views of the Government in this step. - Progress of constitutional Ideas in 1843.-Progress of 1844. -Important Religious Movement in Germany in 1845. Constitutional Progress during the Year 1845.-The Year 1846 and its constitutional Struggles. Increased Demand for Reform.— Progress in 1847, and Convocation of a general Diet.-Opening of the States-General of Prus- sia, and King's Speech.-Extraordinary politi- cal Situation of Germany.-Effect of the Revo- lutionary War on the two Parties which divided it, and in increasing the Passion for Freedom.- Great Effect of general Education in increasing this Desire.-Great Difficulties arising from the Want of foreign commercial Colonies.-Causes which held Germany together: Constitution of the Diet, the Federal Union.-Effect of the Pre- ponderance of Catholics in the Confederacy.- The Army is the Expression of general Opinion. -Influence of Russia on Prussia and the lesser States. Influence of the Want of Employment in forcing Men to become Government Em- ployés. Disastrous Effects in Germany of the Revolutions of 1820 and 1830.-Counteracting Influence of these Causes.-The Triumph of the Conservatives left the Seeds of Revolution in all the European States.-Influence of these Causes on German Literature.-Advantages of the Ger- man Confederacy to the Peace of Europe.-Ef- fect of the German Confederacy on domestic Peace and the Progress of Freedom.-What of a federal Union for the Interests of Mankind?- LITERATURE OF GERMANY IN THE FIRST HALF Great Importance of the German Literature in the early part of the nineteenth Century.-Litera- ture is thus the Index to general Opinion.- Cause of its romantic Character in Germany. Dawn of German Literature. - Causes of the Backwardness of its Literature. Learning in Germany before the middle of the eighteenth Century.-Lessing and Winkelman. - Goethe.-"Faust."-His marvelous Contradic- His prodigious Versatility. His Versatility - - - - hart.-Redwitz.-Kinkel.-Prose of Germany: ny. - CHAPTER XXIX. - FRANCE FROM THE EXTINCTION OF THE HERED- Great Increase of the Power of the Crown from Commencement of the Lyons Insurrection, Extravagance of the Civil List.-Great Increase |