Europe's Trades Unionists.

At the close of 1904, England, Scotland and Ireland, with a population of 41,500,000, had a trades union membership of 1,902,308. In other words, 1 in 22 of the population was a trades unionist. In Germany there were 1,276,831 trades unionists in a population of 56,400,000, or 1 in 44. In France, with a population of 38,300,000, there are 715,576 trades unionists, or 1 to 53. Italy, with 32,500,000 population, reports 181,230 members of trades unions, or 1 to 180. In Austria the trades unions have 177,592 members in a population of 26,150,000, or 1 to 150. Spain has a population of 18,600,000 and trades union membership of 65,900, or 1 to 330. Hungary has 52,410 trades unionists in a pop

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of other civilizations. At a station on the main line of the East Indian Railway a train from Delhi had stopped, and one of the travelers-an officer in the Royal Engineers-began to quizz from the carriage window a "tester" who was going his rounds, striking the wheels with his hammer. Why do you beat the wheels like that? was the first question. "Sirkarka hookum (It is the order of the authority)," replied the imperturbable native. "But what is the use of striking the wheels?" "Khodarjani. Hum i-sa thees burs-si kurthani. Sirkarka hookum." (God knows! I have been doing this for thirty years. It is the order of the authority.) Wherein there is at least one romance and at least a dozen sermons.-Philadelphia Press.

ulation of 19,500,000, or 1 to 366. In Denmark the ratio is 1 to 28, and in New South Wales 1 to 21.-Weekly Bulletin Clothing Trades.

An Indian Story.

Many a good story comes out of India, as the admirers of Mr. Kipling's works will be quite ready to attest. But here is a new one, supremely illustrative of the Eastern character, and not altogether without application to characters

Railroading in Rural Japan.

Probably one of the smallest and most interesting bits of railroad to be seen in any country runs between the pretty little seacoast town of Atami and Yoshihama, in the province of Iza, Japan, its length being about twenty miles, says the Four Track News.

On our recent tour through the "Land of the Cherry Blossoms" we arrived at Atami late in the day, after a most interesting twelve mile tramp over the "Ten

Province Pass." Our time being rather limited, we decided to start sight-seeing early on the following morning by visiting the 1,500-year-old temple of Izusan, three miles distant, which is regarded as one of the principal points of interest to the traveler in the kingdom of Japan. Mine host, in flowing kimono, with repeated bows and continuous smiles, informed us that Atami was quite a railroad center and that a train would convey us to the temple in quick time.

Reaching the car house we saw the miniature train back out, ready for service. The engineer on the front platform gave a long blast on a horn and we were off at a lively pace. Gripping a hand rail on each side of the rear end of the car, two powerful little coolies, pushing and puffing at a great rate, furnished the

motive power which sent us buzzing over this remarkable little route, through most engaging scenery.

When under good headway, or going down grade, the "motive power" would jump on to the rear platform and enjoy a period of rest as the car sped on of its own volition. The engineer's duty on the front platform was to apply the brake and blow a warning horn upon rounding curves, or in case anything crossed the track, it requiring considerable agility on his part to keep his station, and as we whizzed around the curves it kept him busy trying to hang on.

This miniature monopoly runs its distance through tiers of rice paddy fields and fine groves, skirting the Sea of Japan, some 450 feet above sea level. In America a trip of this character, which occu

WITH

pies about five hours, with the services of a private car and three men, would cost several dollars, while in Japan, including the tip for coolies' tea, the entire cost was 42 sen, or 21 cents in our money.-Express Gazette.

China and the United States.

The 28,000 shoemakers of Canton get wages of $5 each, or less, per month. The 16,000 shoemakers in Lynn, Mass., get $8,000,000 per year in wages, or $500 a year apiece.

Owed Something Himself.

"I'm afaid I'll have to charge you full fare for that boy, madam," said the ticket agent, as he issued a ticket to a sharpfeatured Boston woman of middle age and held out his hand for the additional fare. "What for?" she asked. "He is more than twelve years old." "Ain't you 'Tom' Sanders that used to live in Greenwich about eight years ago? inquired the woman, eyeing him. "Yes, but why?" "Used to buy your tea and sugar of Widder Jones?" "I believe I did." "I'm Widder Jones. Recollect the last lot of groceries you had of me; those you promised to pay for in ten days? Why, Mrs. Jones, didn't Ididn't I". "Those groceries, Mr. Sanders, ain't been paid for yet, and this boy lacked about a month of being twelve years old when you got them. Does he go? "He goes, madam," said the agent, as he gave her a half-ticket with a sickly smile. "The boy is probably large for his age."—Ex.

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Pleasant Meal Times.

Many people must have been stuck by the utter absence of interesting conversation that is so marked a feature of modern meals. In the olden days all the wit and brightness of the day seemed to be focussed into the breakfast and dinner hours, and nearly all the celebrated stories of brilliant repartee that have come down to us were delivered during a meal. But nowadays people talk over their worries and bothers at the table, look up trains and read papers during breakfast, and if they have got anything disagreeable to say to another member of the family, very often choose a meal time in which to say it.

Somebody once suggested that children should be trained to be bright and cheerful during meals, just as much as they are trained to eat properly, for the one habit, like the other, would cling to them

when they grow up and make them much sought after companions.

Worry is very bad for the digestion, and so is another fashion of seeing how fast you can get through your breakfast or lunch; certainly both things react upon one's neighbor's enjoyment of the hours that should bring relaxation and good humor.

Butter as Medicine.

Butter it so common a commodity that people use it and scarcely ever think what wonderful value lies in their hands in the pats of dainty yellow cream fat. But this delicate fat is as valuable as the dearer cod liver oil for the weakly thin people, and doctors have frequently recommended the eating of many thin slices of bread thickly spread with butter as a means of pleasantly taking into the bodily tissues one of the purest forms of fat it is possible to get. Butter is a carbon, and all excess of it is stored up as fat in the body. It gives energy and power to work to those who eat heartily of it. So it is not economy at table to spare the butter even to the healthy folk.

Spoiled Children.

What a difference there is among our little ones in times of sickness! The spoiled, wayward child becomes more selfwilled when ill, and as a rule the thought of a doctor, or the very suggestion of a remedy or medicine throws it into a passion. We are not exaggerating at all when we say that many children's lives have been sacrificed because they were not obedient. This is especially noticed in throat cases, such as diphtheria and scarlet fever, when applications to the tonsils are imperative. We have seen where a spoiled child was so frightened and fought so with his nurses that the exhaustion consequent on the application and struggle did really as much harm as the omission of the treatment. Don't spoil your children when they are young. They will thank you afterward for bringing them up with loving firmness.-Home Monthly.

In the Sweat of Thy Brow.

cases

It may be proved, with much certainty, that God intends no man to live in this world without working; but it seems no less evident that He intends every man to be happy in his work. It was written: "In the sweat of thy brow," but it was never written: "In the breaking of thy heart."-John Ruskin.

An Old-Time Locomotive.

FRUITVALE, COLO., August 10, 1905. MY DEAR C. H. S.: I enclose a rather indistinct photo of an old-time oddity that I have often seen in service. Bro. Deloss Everett will recognize it on sight. I also enclose letter relating to "The Old Mill," written by W. S. Hull, electrical engineer C. V. R. R., at Chambersburg, Pa., and an old friend of mine. I first saw the light in Chambersburg on or about February 18, 1836, so you see I have been on earth long enough to see some old machines. The letter from Mr. Hull follows. As ever,

WALTER DE SANNO.

with a Northern Central engine at the crossing, badly wrecking engine and killing eighteen of the already wounded men. The engine was taken to the shops at Chambersburg, and was only in the shops a few days when the Confederate General Stuart raided the town, burning the shops, leaving the "Utility" and several of the engines in the ruins.

After the rebuilding of the shops the "Utility" was remodeled to a tank switching engine, using the same boiler, cylinders, wheels and valve gear. I have no photograph of engine as remodeled. The new Utility" was in service in Chambersburg yards as switching engine until 1882, when the Gardner Manufactur

DEAR SIR: Your letter received, and I gladly give you all the details I have. The "old iron horse," "Utility," you will remember, was built by Seth Wilmarth, Boston, Mass., 1854, for the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, as a bridge shifter engine for use between Bridgeport and Harrisburg over the bridge crossing the Susquehanna River at that point, and was running in that capacity until 1862, when, in a collision, it was badly damaged, putting her out of service, and in appearance shown in photograph. You may remember that when she was drawing a train of wounded soldiers coming from the battlefield of Antietam, through the yard, she collided

ing Company of Carlisle bought it to work in their yard handling lumber, etc., until 1896, when they sold her to L. Legal, Altoona, for scrap. The photograph I enclose you was taken in Harrisburg yard in 1860: George Wentz, engineer; Capt. J. L. Dick, fireman; and is one I have had for some years. Will present it to Ever yours, W. S. HULL

you.

THE crookedest railway in the world is one from Boswell to Friedens, Pa., the air line distance being five miles. The road doubles on itself four times, and at one point, after making a loop of about five miles, the road comes back to within 300 feet of itself on a grade 50 feet lower.

Legal News

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

H. R. 18974.

A BILL, to better promote the safety of employees and travelers upon railroads by compelling common carriers by railroad to employ competent persons as locomotive engineers.

Mr. Hull introduced the following bill on February 14, 1905, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and ordered to be printed:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That if any common carrier by railroad engaged in interstate or foreign comrailroad merce, or any common ca rier by

in the Territories or the District of Columbia, or any officer or agent of such common carrier by railroad shall employ, engage, or hire any person as a locomotive engineer who shall not have had three years of actual experience as a locomotive fireman or one year of actual experience as a locomotive engineer, or shall permit any person not having had such experience as a locomotive fireman or locomotive engineer as aforesaid to manage, control, run, or operate, or attempt to manage, control, run, or operate, a locomotive engine on such railroad, such common carrier, officer or agent of such common carrier, shall upon conviction thereof be fined not less than two hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each and every such offense.

SEC. 2. That this act shall not be applied to nor be held to make criminal the running or operating of engines so far as the same is necessary in tak ng engines to or from trains at division terminals by hostlers, or in handling engines to and from engine house, or doing any work appurtenant thereto at engine houses.

MINNESOTA.

Chapter 69.-Hours of Labor of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen.

SECTION I. On all lines of steam railroads or railways operated in whole or in part within this State the time of labor of locomotive engineers or locomotive firemen employed in running or operating the locomotive engines on or over such railroads or railways shall not at any time exceed fourteen (14) consecutive hours without an opportunity be given them for rest. At least nine (9) hours, or as many hours less than nine (9) as is asked for by said engineers or firemen, shall be allowed them for rest before said engineers or firemen are again ordered or required to go on duty. Provided, however, That nothing in this section shall be construed to allow any engineer or fireman to desert his locomotive in case of accident, storms, wrecks, washouts, snow blockades or any unavoidable delay arising from like causes, or as prohibiting said engineers or firemen from working longer if they do not object.

SEC. 2. Any railroad company or superintendent, chief dispatcher, train master, master me. chanic or other railroad or railway official who shall order or require any locomotive engineer or locomotive fireman to labor contrary to the provisions of section one (1) of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five (25) dollars or more than one hundred (100) dollars, or imprisonment not less than thirty (30) days or more than sixty (60) days; and all railroad or railway corporations operating lines or [of] railways or railroads, in whole or in part in this State, shall be liable for all injuries to said engineers or firemen resulting from their being required to labor contrary to the provisions of section one (1) of this act. Approved March 19, 1903.

Chapter 393.-Employment of Labor-Blacklisting-Participation in Strikes.

SECTION I. It shall be unlawful for any individual or corporation or member of any firm, or any agent, officer or employee of any company or corporation to contrive or conspire to prevent any person from obtaining or holding employment, or to discharge, or to procure or attempt to procure a discharge of any person from any employment by reason of such person having engaged in any strike.

SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any individual or corporation, whether acting for himself directly or through another person, agent, or agency, or whether acting as agent or employee of another person or persons, or as a member of any firm, or as an officer, agent 30 employee of any company or corporation, to require from any person, as a condition to any coutract of employment, any written statement as to his participation in any strike, or any written statement as to his personal record, except as to conviction for crime or misdemeanor, for a period of more than one year immediately preceding the date of making application for such employment and the use or requirement by any such individual or corporation acting in any of the capacities aforesaid of blanks or forms of application for employment in contravention of the provisions of this act are hereby forbidden.

SEC. 3. Any violations of any of the provisions of this act shall be deemed a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding $100, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period not exceeding three months. Approved April 21, 1903.

Co-Employees or Fellow-Servants.

For the benefit of those of our members who are interested in the various laws enacted in the several States, relative to the responsibilities of employer and employee in what is commonly known as the CoEmployee law in contradistinction to common law as handed down to us from