APPENDIX A.

MINERAL SPRINGS OF THE UNITED STATES.

BY JUDSON DALAND, M. D.,

Of Philadelphia.

The writer has given considerable thought to the question of classification of mineral waters, and after a thorough study of those hitherto brought forward, is strongly of the opinion that the heading under which a spring is placed should indicate, as near as may be, the chief therapeutic action of that spring.

While a purely chemical classification, such as the excellent one suggested by Dr. A. C. Peale, of the U. S. Geological Survey,* is scientifically more accurate, it is feared that the practical physician would be confused when he came to make his selection, by the large number of subdivisions necessitated by this plan of division.

Though realizing fully the imperfection of the present classification, it has seemed that the needs of those consulting this work would be best subserved by its adoption.

Occasionally a spring possesses the marked characteristics of more than one class. Such springs are entered under both groups.

All analyses have been reduced to the U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches, so as to simplify the comparative study of the value of the different waters, and for the sake of brevity, the principal ingredients are represented by their chemical formulæ as follows:

These springs owe their action chiefly to the increased quantity of water taken by patients, who thus flush out all the emunctories, especially stimulating the flow of urine.

* In a paper read before the American Climatological Association.

In practical medicine, waters of this class are used very extensively, and justly so. They are of undoubted value in many conditions. It is needless to dwell upon the great benefit to be derived from the increased use of ordinary, pure drinking water, as this is universally recognized, but in practice it is found that patients take these diuretic waters more willingly, in larger amounts and for a longer time than the ordinary drinking water, of which they soon become satiated. Ordinarily it is best to take a large tumbler of this water before breakfast, between meals and at bed-time, thus using two to three pints in the twenty-four hours. I may be permitted to mention a few of the ordinary conditions in which these waters produce their best results; and as first in importance are the diatheses, lithæmic, gouty, rheumatic, oxalic, phosphatic and uric acid. Good results have also been obtained in renal calculus, acute and chronic congestion of the kidneys, acute nephritis and at times in the course of chronic Bright's disease and diabetes. As the use of pure water, in large amounts, produces an increase in the amount of bile and at the same time renders it more thin, as was proven several years ago by Bidder and Schmidt, these waters are used with excellent result in acute and chronic hepatic congestion, catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the biliary passages, known as catarrhal jaundice and gall stone, both during the attack and in the interval.

I append a few analyses in full of typical springs belonging to this group, followed by a full list of springs of this class, with amount of each active ingredient in a U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches :—

All Healing Spring, Catoosa County, Georgia. MgCO, 7, CaSO, 39.

Alum Spring, Onslow County, North Carolina.

Artesian Well, Winslow, Camden County, New Jersey.

Ashley Springs, North Carolina.

Augusta Springs, Augusta County, Virginia. See Stribling Springs.

Bath or Berkeley Springs, Morgan County, Virginia. 74° F.

Birchdale Spring, Concord, N. H.

Black Barren Spring, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Bryant's Springs, Lincoln County, Kentucky. Numbers I, II and III.

Buffalo Lithia Springs, Mecklenburg County, Virginia. CaSO, and Ca(HCO3), 39,
Li(CO3)2 2, H2S, 6.68 cubic inches. Temperature 60° F.

Capon Springs, Hampshire County, West Virginia. 65.5° F.
Chalk Creek Hot Springs, Chalk Creek, Colorado. 130° F.

Chalybeate Spring, Bedford Springs, Bedford County, Pennsylvania. CaCO, 9, CaSO, 3,
FeCO, trace, CO, 21 cubic inches. 52.70° F.

Chenowith Chalybeate Spring, Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

Cherry Hill Phosphate Spring, Otsego County, New York. Ca(PO4)2 14.

Cherry Valley Phosphate Spring, Otsego County, New York.

Clymerara Spring, Manor of Maryland, Maryland.

Cola Springs, Browns Mills, New Jersey.

Concord Spring, Concord, New Hampshire.

Daggy Spring. See Greencastle.

Dew Drop Spring. See Greencastle.

Epsom Spring, in Wyandotte Cave, Indiana. MgSO, 24.

Estill Chalybeate Spring, Estill County, Kentucky. CO2 41 cubic inches.

Estill Red Sulphur Spring, Estill County, Kentucky. CO2 40 HS .56 cubic inches. Farmville Lithia Water, Farmville, Virginia. NaCl 5, NaSO, 3, Li(CO3)2 3, Fe(CO3)2 I,

K1Al(SO), 2.

Fayette Spring, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

Field Spring, Lincoln County, Kentucky.

Florida Spring, Montgomery County, New York. (NaHCO3)2 22.

Glen Alpine Springs, Burke County, North Carolina.

Greencastle Daggy Spring. Ca CO2 14.

Greencastle Dew Drop Spring, Putnam County, Indiana. CaCO3 12.

Grove Spring, Lincoln County, Kentucky. CaCO, 10.

Hawkin's Mineral Springs, Wayne County, Indiana.

Healing Spring (New), Bath County, Virginia. Ca CO, 18, CO, 5 cubic inches.

88° F.

85° F.

Hot Springs, Garland County, Arkansas. 93° to 105° F.
Howard Well, Lincoln County, Kentucky.

Hubbardston Well, Iona County, Michigan. CaCO, 17.

Jerusalem Mineral Spring, Cannan, New Hampshire.

Jordan Chalybeate Spring, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Co, 6.

Kimberling Springs, Bland County, Virginia.

Lebanon Spring, Columbia County, New York. 73° F.

Leslie Spring, Ingham County, Michigan. CaCO, 18. CO, 12 cubic inches.

Limestone Spring, Bedford Springs, Bedford County, Pennsylvania. CaCO, 7, CO, 21

cubic inches. 51.8° F.

McVittey's Saltillo Springs, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. Ca (HCO3), 10.

Magnesia Spring (Cresson Springs), Cambria County, Pennsylvania.

Magnesia Spring. See Versailles Spring.

Marion Artesian Well, Grant County, Indiana.

Marranetta Mineral Spring, Harrisonburg, Virginia. CaCO, 15, Mg CO, 7. 50° F.

Massanutten Spring, Rockingham County, Virginia. 59.7° F.

Mineral Spring, ten feet from May's, Bedford County, Pennsylvania.

Mineral Spring, at the Mound in Madison County, Indiana.

Minnequa Spring, Bradford County, Pennsylvania.

Missioquoi Springs, Franklin County, Vermont. NaHCO, 8. CO2 ?
Monitor Spring. See Versailles Spring.

New Spring. See Healing Spring.

Northport Mineral Spring, Northport, Maine.

Nuckoll's Springs, Grayson County, North Carolina.

Old Spring. See Healing Spring.

Orkney Springs (Bear's Wallow Spring), Shenandoah County, Virginia. CO, 5.
Orkney Springs (Healing Spring), Shenandoah County, Virginia. CO2 3.

Ourry Spring. See Versailles Spring.

Perry Springs, Pike County, Illinois. CaCO, 14. 48° to 50° F.

Pine Grove Mineral Spring, Dover, Stratford County, New Hampshire. 45° F.
Plummer Bromine Arsenic Spring, Ashe County, North Carolina.

Poland Mineral Spring, South Poland, Maine.

Rawley Springs, Rockingham County, Virginia.

Red Sulphur Spring. See Estill Springs.

Red Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia. 54° F.

Rock Spring, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Saltillo Spring. See McVittey's Spring.

Santa Barbara Hot Sulphur Springs, near Santa Barbara, California. Na,CO, 17. 112° to 122° F.

St. Helena White Sulphur Springs, No. 7, Napa County, California. CaCl + Na,SO 27. 64.5° to 97° F.

Stone Sulphur Spring, Lincoln County, Kentucky.

Stremmel's Gettysburg Lithia Spring, Adams County, Pennsylvania.

Stribling's Chalybeate Spring, Augusta County, Virginia.

Stribling's Sulphur Spring, Augusta County, Virginia.

Sweet Springs, Bedford, Pennsylvania. Temperature 52.7° F.
Thompson's Springs, Ashe County, North Carolina.

Underwood Spring, Falmouth Foreside, Maine.

Van Cleuve's Mineral Spring, Crawfordsville, Indiana. CaCO, 10.

Versailles Magnesia Springs, Brown County, Illinois. CO2 24 cubic inches. 58° F. Versailles Monitor Springs, Brown County, Illinois.

Versailles Ourry Springs, Brown County, Illinois.

Virginia Arsenic, Bromine and Lithia Spring, Roanoke, Virginia. CaCO, 6, Mg SO 43. Warner Spring, Albion, Michigan. Ca(HCO ̧)1⁄2 17.

White Cliff Mineral Springs, Monroe County, Tennessee. Three grains of Mg(HCO3)2. Yellow Springs, Green County, Ohio. 52° F.

II. IRON WATERS.

These owe their virtues to the presence of iron, which usually exists in the form of the bicarbonate of the protoxide, held in solution by an excess of carbonic acid gas. The amount of carbon dioxide is often considerable, rendering the water decidedly acidulous. In many of our mineral springs, like those at Cresson, for instance, the iron exists as ferrous sulphate, with more or less ferric sulphate from the oxidation of the former.

The ordinary indications for the use of iron are well met by the use of the waters belonging to this class.