country. The three great divisions of the Christian are, the Protestant Church, the Catholic Church, and the Greek Church. Q. What is the population of Europe? A. It amounts to 179,874,000; or, in round numbers, to 180,000,000. Of these, about 90,000,000 are Catholics; about 37,000,000 of the Greek Church; about 48,000,000 Protestants; 2,000,000 Jews; and 3,000,000 Mahometans. Q. What governments are found in Europe? A. Russia, Prussia, Denmark, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Naples, and Turkey, are absolute monarchies; Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France, are limited monarchies; and Switzerland is a republic. Q. What are the great islands of Europe? A. In the S. Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica; in the W. Great Britain and Ireland; and in the N. Nova Zembla, and perhaps Spitsbergen and Iceland; although the two latter are properly American Islands, being much nearer to Greenland than to Norway. OF THE SWEDISH DOMINIONS. Q. What countries are under the dominion of the king of Sweden ? A. Norway and Sweden in Europe, constituting together the peninsula of Scandinavia; and the island of St. Bartholomews in the West Indies. Q. What is the population of all these territories ? OF NORWAY. Q. What is the situation of Norway? A. It is the N. W. country of Europe, lying between 58° and 71° 10′ north latitude; and between 6 and 27 east longitude. The Atlantic, between Norway and Greenland, is about 375 miles wide; and the German Ocean between Norway and Scotland is 280. Q. What is the extent of Norway? A. It is 1050 miles long from N. to S; and its greatest breadth is 235; but, N. of lat. 64, it is not on an average more than 60. It contains about 125,000 square miles. Q. How is it bounded? A On the N. by the Frozen Ocean; E. by Sweden, from which it is separated by lofty mountains; S. by the Scaggerac or mouth of the Baltic; and W. by the Atlantic. Q How is it divided ? A. Into four governments; Christiansand, Aggerhuys, Bergen, and Drontheim. Q. What is the climate? A. On the southern coast, it is moderate. In the interior, and in the N. it is very severe; but every where healthy. Q. What is the face of the country? A. It is chiefly mountainous, and to a great extent incapable of cultivation. Q. What is the principal river? A. The Glomme, which runs S. 300 miles, and falls into the Scaggerac. Q. What lake is there in Norway? A. Lake Mioss, in lat. 63° 30' is 60 miles long and 15 broad. Q. What mountains are there? A. The Norwegian range, separates Norway from Sweden, and winds about 1100 miles. Q. What are the productions? A. The country is too cold for grain. The pastures are excellent. Cattle and horses are raised in great numbers. The Norway pine, fir, birch, and oak, are the common forest trees. Q. What are the animals? A. The reindeer, elk, bear, wolf, lynx, fox, hare, beaver, and Norwegian mouse: the eagle and falcon. Q. What are the minerals? A. The silver mines of Kongsberg are the richest in Europe, and yield annually 54,000l. sterling. Gold is found in small quantities. Copper is abundant. Q. What is the religion of Norway? A. The Lutheran. The country is divided into 4 dioceses. Q. What is the government? A. Norway is a distinct kingdom, allied to Sweden; but governed by its own laws. The king of Sweden is its king. His representative has the title of viceroy. The power of making laws is vested in the king and the diet. The form of government is a limited monarchy. Q. What is the population? A. It amounted in 1802, to 910,074. As the births are to the deaths as 47 to 35, it is now probably about 960,000. Q. What is the revenue? A. It is about 700,000 dollars. Q. What is the military strength? A. The army consisted in 1802, of 32,053 infantry, and 10,478 cavalry: in all 42,531: besides a well trained militia of 40,000. Q. What are the manners and customs of the Norwegians? A. The houses are of wood. Those of the peasants have an opening in the top instead of a chimney. Their food is milk, cheese, salt-fish, and oat-bread. They are tall, well made, robust, brave, honest, and hospitable; yet ferocious, and litigious. Q. What is the language? A. It is a dialect of the Gothic. The inhabitants are universally taught to read and write.. Q. What is the capital? A. Bergen, on the W. coast, in lat. 60, 23. It has a noble harbour, and 19,000 inhabitants. Christiana, in lat. 59, 7, at the head of the Scaggerac, has 10,000. Drontheim, in 63, 26, has 9000. The other towns are Christiansand, Christiansund, Kongsberg, and Frederickshall. Q. What is the commerce of Norway? A. The exports are fish, lumber, furs, horses, cattle, fishoil, tallow, butter, copper, hides, marble, millstones, and a few other articles. Q. What natural curiosity is near the coast of Norway? A. The Malstrom, a remarkable whirlpool near the Loffoden isles, in lat. 68° N. Its roar is heard many leagues; and its force is so great, as to draw in ships at the distance of th ree miles, and swallow them up.. Q. To what kingdom did Norway lately belong? A. To Denmark until the year 1813. Q. How is Norway situated with respect to the other countries of Europe? A. It lies W. of Sweden and Russia; N. of Denmark, Holland, Netherlands, France, Switzerland, and Germany; N. E. of Spain, Portugal, England, Ireland, and Scotland; N. W. of Italy, Turkey in Europe, Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, and Prussia. OF SWEDEN. Q. What is the situation of Sweden ? A. It lies in the north of Europe, between 55° 20' and 710 N. latitude; and between 11° and 30° east longitude. It is 1200 miles long from N. to S. and about 220 broad; containing about 190,000 square miles. Q. How is it bounded? A. On the W.by the Cattegat and Norway; on the N. by the Northern Ocean; on the E.by Russia and the Gulf of Bothnia; and on the S. by the Baltic. A few years since, Sweden ceded to Russia the extensive country of Finland, E. of the Gulf of Bothnia, and about two-fifths as large as the present kingdom. Q. What are the divisions? A. Sweden is divided into 4 governments; Gothland, Swe den Proper, Norland and Lapland. These are subdivided into 25 provinces. Q. What is the climate? A. It is every where cold. The Baltic is frozen over every winter. Q. What is the face of the country ? A. It is diversified with numerous lakes and rivers, rocks and vallies, forests and fields. Q. What are the rivers? A. The Dahl runs S. E. 260 miles, and falls into the Gulf of Bothnia: also the Clara, the Gotha, and the Motala. Q. What are the lakes? A. Lake Wener is 80 miles long and 50 broad. Lake Wetter is 80 by 12. Lake Meler is 60 by 18. Lake Enara in the north is 70 by 30.. Q. What are the mountains? A. The long chain which divides Sweden from Norway. A. The Norway pine, the fir, ash, alder, birch, willow, lime, elm, and oak... The Swedish forests are very numerous and extensive. Q. What are the animals ?? A. The bear, lynx, wolf, beaver, otter, and glutton. Q. What are the minerals? A. Gold, silver, copper, and iron. The copper mine of Fahlun has been wrought about 1000 years. Q. What is the religion? A. The Lutheran. Sweden is divided into 14 dioceses, and 2537 parishes.. Q. What is the government ? A. It is a limited hereditary monarchy. The supreme power. is in the diet, which is composed of the king and the states. Q. What is the population? A. In 1800, it was 2,347,301. If it has increased as fast since, as it did in the preceding 10 years, it is now (1815) about 2,700,000. Probably it exceeds that amount. Q. What is the military strength?, A. It consists of 18,424 regulars, and 34,611 national troops: in all 53,035. Q. What is the naval strength? A. In 1808, it consisted of 20 ships of the Hine, 16 frigates, and 22 smaller vessels, in all 58: besides 200 gallies. Q. What is the Swedish revenue? A. It amounted, in 1809, to $6,000,000. In 1807, the national debt amounted to $13,233,632. B 2 Q. What are the manners and customs? A. In vivacity and address, the Swedes resemble the French, They are fair, robust, and well formed, hardy and brave. The peasants have been distinguished for their probity and good morals. Q. What is the state of literature? A. Schools are established in every parish. universities at Upsala and at Lund. Q. What is the language? A. A dialect of the Gothic. Q. What is the capital? There are two A. Stockholm, in lat. 59° 20′ 31′′N.; and long. 18° 9′ 30′′ E. It is built on an isthmus, between lake Meler and an inlet of the Baltic. Most of the houses are of stone. The harbour is deep, not easy of access, and well defended. The population, in 1800, was 75,517; and the number of houses 4137. Q. What are the other towns ? A. Carlscrona, in the S. in lat. 56° 11' is the chief road of the royal navy, and has a population of 13,800. Gottenburg, on the Cattegat in 57° 42' N. has a fine harbour, and 13,218 inhabitants, and is a place of extensive trade. Nordkoping, a little S. of Stockholm, has 8629. Upsala, N. of the capital, is a town of great antiquity. Q. What are the manufactures? A. They are of copper, iron, and steel, cloths, hats, watches, sail-cloths, and shipbuilding; also of wool, silk, and cotton. Q. What is the state of trade? A. The chief exports are iron, timber, pitch, tar, hemp, copper, herrings, and train-oil. The chief imports are corn, tobacco, sugar, coffee, drugs, silk, and wines. In 1781, the exports amounted to 1,368,8301. 138. 5d. : and the imports to 1,008,3921. 198. 6d.-2290 ships entered, and 2485 cleared out. Q. What islands in the Baltic belong to Sweden ? A. Oland, 70 miles long by 6, with a population of 8000; Gothland, 70 miles by 24, having Wisbay for its capital: and the Isles of Aland in the Gulf of Bothnia, 80 in number; of which Aland, the largest, is 40 miles by 16, and has 11,260 inhabitants. OF LAPLAND. Q. Where is the country called Lapland ? A. It comprehends the northern parts of Norway and Sweden, and the N. W. of Russia in Europe; or the country W. of the White Sea, and N. of about lat. 65. Q. What is the climate? |