1542

TRACE-TRACY

brace the pituitary body in vertebrate embryos. By their extensions upward they form the ethmoidal and nasal bones in front and the sphenoidal bones behind. See CARTILAGINOUS CRANIUM.

Trace. Line in which one surface intersects another; usually, intersection of a given surface with one of the co-ordinate planes.

Tracery. In Gothic Architecture, the intersection in various ways of the mullions in the head of a window, the subdivision of groined vaults, etc. See FLAMBOYANT, DECORATED STYLE, and PERPENDICULAR GOTHIC.

Trachea, Main air passage of the lungs; a cylindrical tube forming the front part of the neck, connecting the larynx above with the bronchi below; the wind-pipe. See RESPIRATION, ORGANS OF.

Tracheæ. Breathing tubes of Insects, etc. They consist of a main tube (whose walls are strengthened by the presence of a chitinous spiral thread) on each side, connected with the spiracles, and sending finer branches to all the important parts. The air is brought to the tissues by this arrangement, much as the blood of animals is distributed to their organs and tissues. See DUCTS.

Tracheata. Insects, in a broad sense; Arthropods that breathe by tracheæ, as HEXAPODS, MYRIAPODS, and PERIPATUS (q.v.).

Tracheids. Ordinary wood-cells of prosenchymatous vegetable tissue; elongated cells, closed at both ends; commonly, only those whose walls are pitted.

Trachelium. Neck or space immediately below the capital in the Roman orders.

Tracheopnoa. Division of Arthropods, including the Arachnoidea, Hexapoda, and Myriapoda.

Tracheotomy. Strictly a section of the walls of the trachea, but as usually employed it includes all the operations for cutting through the neck into the air-passage to the lungs. The operation is indicated when there is danger of suffocation, to supply air through the opening, or to remove a foreign body that cannot be reached through the mouth.

Trachoma. Prolific source of blindness through its results. It is the true granular lids, which by the scratching on the cornea causes irritation, with abnormal development of blood-vessels, and opacity (pannus). It is a disease largely due to the vitiated air and unhygienic surroundings consequent upon the congested parts of cities, and is communicable to the eyes of those living in a better environment. At the start, the mucous membrane is inflamed, and contains two or three or more translucent granules, resembling sago grains. No domestic remedy is of use.

Trachomedusæ. Group of Hydromedusa, of which the Geryonida are typical. See TRACHYMEDUSA.

Trachymedusæ (TRACHYLINE). Suborder of the Hydromedusa, including medusa which have no asexual, hydroid stage, the meduse developing from the egg by direct metaThe families inmorphosis. They have a firm umbrella, supported by cartiJaginous ridges, with stiff solid tentacles. cluded are: ginida, Geryonida, Trachynemide. They fall into two groups, NARCOMEDUSA and TRACHOMEDUSA (q.v.). Trachynemidæ. Family of Trachymedusa, having stiff marginal tentacles nearly motionless. The generative organs are on the eight radial canals.

Trachyte. Light-colored eruptive rock, consisting essentially of crystalline feldspar, though quartz may sometimes be also present. It is one of the typical acidic lavas, standing in marked contrast to the basic lava, basalt.

Tracing Cloth. Transparent cloth used for drawing, particularly for copying drawings.

Track Athletics. Races on the cinder track and other sports connected with these, as broad and high jumping, pole vaulting, hammer-throwing and shot-putting. Certain points are usually awarded for victory in each of the contests, and the sum total declares the winner, when different teams, clubs, or organizations are engaged. When individuals contend for an all-round championship, only a few events are used, and a percentage based upon what is considered high performance is used to determine the winner. The first appearance of track athletics as an organized institution was at Oxford. Contests were soon inaugurated between Oxford and Cambridge. Some es sort of side show to the intercollegiate boat which developed

hold

Track Drill. Drill for making holes in the web of a railroad rail while in position in the track. The drill is worked

with a ratchet and fastened to iron arms whose ends are bent in
such a manner as to fit the flange of the rail, as shown in cut.
Tractarianism. Movement beginning at Oxford with
Newman, Pusey, Keble, and others, for exalting the Catholic
and disowning the Protestant side of Anglicanism; represented
in Tracts for the Times, 1833-41. Its results were widespread,
various, and momentous.

Tractellum. Opposite of pulsellum; flagellum which by
a screw-like motion drags the cell to which it is attached after
it. This sort is possessed by nearly all the Infusoria flagellata.
Thus
Traction. Force required to pull a load on a street pave-
ment or railroad; usually measured in pounds per ton.
on a macadam road ab. 100 lbs. are required to pull one ton.
The force of traction is larger at the moment of starting than
at slow velocities, but at high velocities it rapidly increases.
It is greater for small wheels than for large ones.

Traction Engine. See ROAD LOCOMOTIVE and TRACTION
OF LOCOMOTIVES.

Traction of Horses. Force which a horse can exert in
pulling a load on a horizontal road. This diminishes as his
speed increases, being ab. 250 lbs. at 1 m. per hour, 125 at 2 m.,
50 at 5 m., and so on.

Traction of Locomotives. On a level railroad track at common velocities a LOCOMOTIVE (q.v.) must pull 4 to 8 lbs. for each ton of train load. This coefficient of traction becomes greater for very low and for high speeds.

IY

P

Tractrix. Path of the second particle when two particles
are attached to a string and
rest on a rough horizontal
string taut, one of them
plane, and, starting with the
moves in a straight line at
right angles to the initial po-
sition of the string, dragging
the other after it. If the ini-
Ο
in the axis of Y and the first
tial position of the string be
particle be at the origin, the differential equation of the path
of P will be

X

dx=+

(a2-y3)dy

y

18

at

-X

of taking

in which a is the length of the string. Integrating this, we
get for the rectangular equation of the curve

X = — (a2-y2)1+a loga+(a3-y2)‡

y

The intrinsic equation is easily shown to be S-a log sec r, in
which S is measured from the starting point, and r is the
angle the string makes with the ordinate of P. Involute of
the Catenary.

Tract Societies. Anticipated by the Society for Pro-
by a similar one, undenominational, 1750. Hannah More, 1790,
moting Christian Knowledge, formed by Anglicans 1701, and
and a Scottish society, 1793, were workers in this field. The
Religious Tract Society, founded in London 1799, has issued
near 19,000 works in above 3,000,000,000 copies and 212 lan-
guages. Societies were formed in New York 1812 and Boston
1814; these were merged in the American Tract Society, organ-
ized 1825. This has circulated near 9,000 tracts, books, papers,
etc., in vast quantities, largely through colporteurs. Similar
societies, general or denominational, exist in almost every
Christian land, and in India, China, and Africa.

Tracy, ALEXANDRE DE PROUVILLE, MARQUIS DE, 1603-1670.
French general, Viceroy of Canada 1665-67. He subdued the
Mohawks.

TRACY-TRAINSHED

Tracy, ANTOINE LOUIS CHARLES DESTUTT, COMTE DE, 17541836. French metaphysician, of the school of Condillac; Senator and Academician. Logique, 1805: La Volonté, 1815; Idéologie, 4 vols., 1817-18; Montesquieu, 1828. Tracy, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b.1830.

e. N. Y. 1866-73; Justice N. Y. Court of Appeals 1881-83; Sec. U. S. Dist.-atty. for Navy 1889-93.

Tracy, JOSEPH, D.D., 1794-1874. Sec. Mass. Colonization Society from 1835. Great Awakening, 1842; Hist. A.B.C.F.M.,

1842.

Tracy, ROGER SHERMAN, b.1841. American writer on sanitation.

Tracy, URIAH, 1755-1807. M.C. from Conn. 1793-96; U. S. Senator from 1796.

Trade, BOARD OF. See BOARD OF TRADE.

Trade Capital. That from which a money income is derived, including all those external commodities which the owner uses in his trade, both for direct sale and for the production of goods for sale.

Trade Cumulus. Small detached cumulus of uniform size and shape, characteristic of the trade-wind regions in

mid-ocean.

are

Trade Dollar. Minted in the U. S. under the act of 1873 for use in e. Asia; not coined since 1883; never legal tender. It weighed 420 grs. and contained 378 grs. of silver. See DOLLAR. Trade-Mark. That by which an owner's wares known in trade. Its objects are to protect him from competition with inferior articles, and to protect the public from imposition. It may consist of a token, letter, sign, or seal. In many countries they are protected by registration and

statute.

Trade Risks. Those which are common to all business establishments, as fluctuations in the markets for raw materials and for finished goods, sudden changes of fashion, new inventions, and the entrance of rivals into the field.

Tradescant, JOHN, ab. 1570-1638. Holland traveler and naturalist who traveled extensively in Europe, Asia Minor and n. Africa. He established a botanic garden at s. Lambeth, Eng. His son, JOHN, 1608-1662, added largely to the collection, which he presented to E. Ashmole, and which became the nucleus of the Ashmolean Museum, which was presented to Oxford Univ. 1682.

Trade Schools. See INDUSTRIAL TRAINING SCHOOLS and MANUAL TRAINING.

Trades Councils. Organizations of delegates from the laborers in any city or other locality: so called usually in England; in America known as Central Labor Unions.

Trades-Union Congresses. England, since 1868, of delegates from various local, naAnnual gatherings in tional, and international trades unions, and from trades councils, for the purpose of concerting united action on the part of the organized working classes. Trades Unions. any one industry, with the object of preserving or gaining Organizations of laborers or artisans in advantageous wages, hours and other conditions of labor, and of taking such other united action as may seem desirable. Trade-Wind Dust. essels in the region of trade winds. According to EhrenDust collected on the rigging of berg, it consists of siliceous diatoms from the interior of the African continent.

Trade Winds. Winds which in the torrid zone, 30° either

W

N

E

side of the equator, blow from the same quarter throughout the year, n. of the equator from N.E. to S. W., s. of it from S.E. to N.W. They are caused by the combination of the earth's velocity of rotation with that of the currents of air from the poles toward the equator.

Tradition. Body of doctrine supposed to have been handed down orally from the Apostles, apart from books; defined by Vincent of Lerins 434 as that which was received always, everywhere, and lways laid great stress on this: Protestants rely mainly on the by all. The R.C. Ch. has Fritten Word.

Direction of the Trade Winds.

1543

rendered copies of the Scriptures to the Roman officers to be burned. Serious controversies occurred as to the measure of discipline deserved by them.

through ancestry and parentage; held by several Fathers and Traducianism. Doctrine that souls, like bodies, come some modern divines; opposed to the opinion that each soul is separately created.

Gibraltar; scene of the victory of 33 British vessels, Oct. 21, Trafalgar. Cape on s. coast of Spain, w. of Strait of 1808, over 40 French and Spanish ships, of which 20 were lost, and their three admirals taken. Nelson was slain, and near 1,600 of his men killed or wounded.

Tragacanth. Inodorous, nearly insipid, whitish, semitransparent mucilaginous substance, obtained from several pith and medullary ray and not a secretion of the sap. It is low, spiny shrubs of the genus Astragalus in Asia Minor and neighboring islands. The gum is the transformed cell of the used as a demulcent and emollient.

Tragedy. Most serious form of dramatic composition, prominent among the Romans; revived in France and Engending usually in the chief character's death: developed in Greece chiefly by Eschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides; less land ab.1540-62, and practiced most successfully by Shakespeare. It forms an essential and honored part of every modern literature.

Tragulina, or SCHIZOPODA. Comprising the family Tragulinidae or Tragulida (Chevrotains), of the suborder Selenodontia, characterized by absence of horns in both sexes, and presence of canines in both jaws, those in the males form

ing tusks. The psalterium is absent; the placenta is diffuse; small animals of W. Africa and India, often mistaken for a cannon-bone is absent or formed late in life; and the second and fifth digits, though small, are present. They are Musk Deer.

Trailing. Plants which bend over and run along on the ground without striking root.

Trailing Arbutus. See ARBUTUS, TRAILING.
Trailing Switch. One so arranged that a train passes
through it in a direction away from its points. See FACING
SWITCH.

Traill, CATHERINE PARR (STRICKLAND), b. 1802, m. 1832.
Writer on Canada.

Traill, ROBERT, d. 1847. Irish translator of Josephus, 1846.
Traill, THOMAS STEWART, M.D., 1782-1862.
burgh from 1832; ed. Encyc. Britannica, 8th ed., 1853-61.
Prof. Edin-
Medical Jurisprudence, 1837.

Train, ELIZABETH PHIPPS, b. ab.1860. Novelist of Mass.
Autobiography of a Professional Beauty, 1896. Her Social
Highwayman. 1895, was successfully dramatized.

Train, GEORGE FRANCIS, b.1829. American traveler, lect-
urer, and writer. Noted of late years
Union Speeches in England, 4 vols., 1862.
for eccentricity.
Training Ship. See NAUTICAL SCHOOLS.
Trainshed. Roofed part of a railroad station where trains
arrive and depart. The Grand Central Station in New York
has a main trainshed 200 ft. in span, 600 ft. long, 96 ft. high.
high, with 5 tracks.
with 12 tracks, and an annex 96 ft. span, 650 ft. long, 221 ft.
with 5 spans, having a total width of 601 ft. and a length of
At St. Louis the trainshed is roofed
700 ft., covering 30 tracks.
Jersey City is 256 ft. in span, 653 ft. long, 86 ft. high, with 12
The Pa. R.R. trainshed at
tracks. The Phila, & Reading R.R. trainshod of Di
ft. span. 507 £t

1544

TRAITOR-TRANSFORMATION

Traitor. One who betrays his country to its enemies, violates his allegiance, surrenders his command or the position intrusted to his defense, for the purposes of treason, or one who levies war or aids an enemy in acts of war against his country.

Trajan, MARCUS ULPIUS, 52-117. Roman Consul 91, Emperor 98; eminent as general, financier, and administrator. He twice subdued the Dacians, conquered most of the Parthian

Trajan

empire 115-116, added Arabia Petræa to the empire, founded colonies, built roads, bridges, aqueducts, libraries, a theater, and a forum. Most of his conquests were afterward relinquished.

Trajan's Wall. 1. In Roumania; ab. 50 m. long; from the Danube to the Black Sea; built 377 by an officer of Valens, against the Visigoths. 2. Similar wall n. of the Danube, from the Pruth to the Black Sea.

formation of the ground, and have great facility for loading
and unloading.

Trance. Form of CATALEPSY (q.v.), wherein there is a
prolonged condition of abnormal sleep, from which, ordina-
rily, the person cannot be aroused, the breathing is almost
suspended and sensation is abolished. It is accompanied by a
depressed condition of the vital functions. The sleep may last
through a period of years with occasional brief returns to con-
sciousness. It is frequently closely associated with hysteria,
and is, apparently, a spontaneous going into the mesmeric

Trajectory. Path described by the center of mass of a projectile after leaving the muzzle of the gun. In air it is a complex curve; in vacuo it is a plane curve, being a portion of an ellipse, having the center of the earth at the further focus. Under the supposition of the action line of gravity being always parallel to the vertical it is assumed to be in vacuo a portion of a parabola.

Trall, RUSSELL THACHER, 1812-1877. American medical writer, especially on hydropathy.

Trama. Dense layers in the pileus of Fungi, as toadstools, etc., of the order Hymenomycetes, which bear the hymenium.

Tramps. See VAGRANTS and VAGRANCY.

state.

Tranquillus Suetonius. See SUETONIUS. Transalpine. Beyond the Alps, the point of view being usually Roman.

Tramway. Horse railroad, or one whose motive power is not steam, as a cable or electric road; so called chiefly in England. Street railways were first laid in New York 1831, in Paris 1853. See STREET RAILWAYS.

Transcaspian Railway. From the Caspian Sea e. to Tashkend in Turkestan; opened to Merv 1886, to Samarkand 1888.

Transcaucasia. Region s. of the Caucasus, and n. of Turkey and Persia, from the Black Sea to the Caspian; held by Russia. Area 91,346 sq. m.; pop., 1890, 5,011,555.

Transcendental Curves. Formerly defined as those whose equations involved transcendental quantities; more recently, as those whose intersections with a right line are without limit.

Transcendental Functions. Those which require for
their expression operations other than the ordinary opera-
tions of algebra; viz., addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, involution and evolution. They are classified either
from their form, as Logarithmic, Exponential, etc., or from
their substance, as Trigonometric.

1. Philosophy and philosophic
Transcendentalism.
2. Platonism as interpreted and applied
method of Kant.
by Emerson, Alcott, and their supposed followers; popular
in New England about 1840, and sometimes carried to ex-
tremes.

This consists of two strong wire
Tramway, AERIAL.
ropes, moving in opposite directions, supported in a cast-iron
shoe on either end of a cross-bar, fastened to the top of a
standard. The latter are placed from 40 to 100 yards apart;
across rivers and deep valleys the span may be 600 yards. The
rope ends are attached to chains, passing over pulleys and
stretched by balance weights. The carriers consist of a small
truck, with two grooved rollers which fit the rope; the bucket
is suspended from the truck by a hanger, at the bottom of
which is the grip for the hauling rope. The latter is an end-
less rope below the carrying ropes, worked by a grooved pulley
and a motor at the station; it is kept taut by counterbalance
weights. The stations should be not more than 6,000 yards
apart, but two sections could be worked from an intermediate
station. The capacity is about 80 tons per hour in both direc-
tions. This form of transportation is used to convey ores from
the mines to the railroad or shipping, or to the works, and also
about the works. There is a line from an iron mine in Spain
Their cost of erection and working is
eric conditions and

Transcendental Quantities. Those involving opera-
tions other than the ordinary algebraic operations, addi-
tion, etc.

Transept. Transverse portion of a cruciform church. It
is one of the arms projecting each way on the side of the stem
The projections on both sides
of the cross, called the nave.
are frequently dissimilar in style and plan, and are generally
placed north and south. Large churches have several tran-
septs. See CROSS AISLE and NAVE.

Transfer of Heat. Where two bodies of unequal tem-
perature are brought together they tend to equalize their
amounts of heat, the hotter transferring its heat to the
colder. Such transfer is done by radiation, by contact or by
conduction; of the latter, convection and circulation are phe-
nomena in fluids. The formula for radiation is: Q-C(a1—1)
in metric units. For contact it is of the form Q-C1t1.233, in
which Q is the number of metric calories emitted from a unit
of surface in a unit of time; C is a constant, dependent on the
surface of the body; a is the constant 1.0077 for many bodies,
and t is the excess of temperature in Cent. degrees of the ra-
diant over the absorbent body. Similarly, Q-the quantity
of calories abstracted in a unit of time from a unit of surface,
C' a constant varying with the form of the absorbing or heat-
ing surface, and t the difference of temperature of the two
materials. The above contact formula is the one generally
used for air. The relative radiating power of substances was
determined by Leslie to be as follows:

100

100

96

Graphite...
Tarnished lead.
Mercury.

88

Tin, gold, silver, cop-
85 per, etc....
80

12

Ordinary white glass 90 Polished iron...

Lamp black.

White lead..

Resin....

India ink.

The conductivity of heat in various metals is shown in the following table:

Silver..
Copper..
Gold.
Tin.
Iron..

100.00

Steel...

11.60

73.60

Lead.

8.5

53.20

Platinum.

8.4

14.50

Rose's Alloy.

2.8

11.90 Bismuth...

1.8

Transfiguration. Divine splendor, on the Holy Mount, in which Jesus appeared before Peter, James and John, in converse with Moses, representing the Law, and Elijah, the Prophets. It is commemorated Aug. 6.

Change of the

Transformation of Co-ordinates.
reference of position from one system of co-ordinates to

T

TRANSFORMATION-TRANSPORTATION

1546

TRANSPOSING-TRAVELERS

Transposing. In Music, the changing of music in performance from the key in which it is written to another key.

Transposition. A quantity is transposed when in an equation (or inequation) it is taken from one member and placed in the other. This change requires a change in the algebraic sign.

Transubstantiation. In R.C. theology, transmutation held to be effected by the Eucharistic consecration, after which the substance of bread and wine is thought to be replaced by the body and blood, soul and divinity of Christ, the accidents, that is, the physical properties and appearances, or species, alone remaining, so that the whole Christ is received under either species, or the least particle of each. See CONCOMI

TANCE.

Transvaal, or SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. Inland government of s. Africa, n.e. of the Orange Free State. The country consists mainly of plains, well watered and favorable for raising cattle. Area ab. 114.000 sq. m. Capital, Pretoria. The country was settled 1833-37 from Cape Colony by Dutch

Traveling in the Transvaal.

by accumulated water, and opens a valve through which the
water is blown. In the second great class, the traps catch
the water, and deliver it on a higher level than that at which
they stand or from which the water comes; they are used in
heating systems where the boiler is higher than the lowest
pipes of the system. The best is a vessel with a float. Water,
lifting that float, opens the steam-valve of a pump which sucks
from the vessel until the float drops and shuts off steam. With-
out a pump, the trap stands at sufficient elevation to allow the
water to be discharged by gravity when pressure is equalized.
Water enters through one of the upper pipes, and lifts the
Three pipes enter the trap, two at the top, one at the bottom.
float. The rise of the float closes the upper inlet pipe, and
opens a valve in the second upper pipe which lets live steam
in; the water is displaced through a check-valve in the bot-
tom pipe. The fall of the float as the trap empties closes the
live steam inlet and opens the water inlet; the vapor con-
Instead of a float, the whole pot may be counterweighted,
densing allows the pot again to be filled to the tripping point.
when its rise and fall will operate the valves as it empties
and fills.

Boers who govern it, though under English suzerainty. Fresh gold fields were discovered 1886, and have attracted English and Americans, who are allowed no share in the government. Discontent thence arising led to Dr. Jameson's raid 1896. Pop., 1890, 120,000, since greatly increased; natives ab. 560,000. Transversal. Straight line cutting a system of lines. Transylvania. S.e. part of Hungary; anciently Dacia; conquered by Trajan 107; held by various races; made an Austrian principality 1690-1867. Area 21,518 sq. m.; pop., 1890, 2,247,049, chiefly Roumanian and Magyar.

Trap. Several kinds of heavy, dark-colored rocks of igneous origin, occurring in dykes and other analogous formis. Trapani. Seaport of n.w. Sicily, anciently Drapanura; scene of a Carthaginian victory over a Roman fleet 249 B.C. It was of naval and military importance ab.1550, and has a good trade. Pop. ab. 47,000.

Trap-Ball. One of the oldest ball games. Strutt places
it before cricket and as early as ab.1325. It is played with a
trap, bat, and ball. The trap is somewhat like a low shoe in
shape, and has a pivoted tongue upon which the ball rests.
Trapezium. Quadrilateral having no parallel sides.
Trapezoid. Quadrilateral having only two sides parallel.
Its area equals the half sum of the parallel sides multiplied by
the distance between them.

Trapezuntios, GEORGIOS, 1395-1484. Cretan scholar, in
Italy from 1430; Latin teacher and tr. of Greek works.

Trap. Device for catching and separating water from steam in a current of the mixture, allowing the water to be Nondrawn off without escape of the steam. There are two types, lifting or return-traps, and non-lifting or separating. lifting simply catch and hold water, or else allow it to pass, but close when The first kind are steam gets at them. simply vessels into which the supply enters near the top, and which have a relatively large area, so that water falls to the bottom in the reduction of speed of flow, and steam goes out at an outlet at the highest point. The second kind have an expanding diaphragm filled with an expanding fluid (glycerin or a mixture) which, when cooled by a protecting body of water, allows a valve to open through which the water is When the water blown by pressure. is gone, the steam expands the im

Steam Traps.
the outlet.

Trapp, JOHN, 1601-1669. Anglican author of commentaries on the Scriptures, 1646-56, repub. 1866-68.

Trappists. Austere French monastic order, founded 1140, reformed by De Rancé 1660. They have houses at Gethsemane, Ky., near Dubuque, Iowa, and at Tracadie, Nova Scotia.

Traquair, RAMSEY HEATLEY, b. 1840. Prof. of Paleontology and director of the museum in Univ. Edinburgh; chiefly engaged in the study of fossil fishes.

Trasimeno, or TRASIMENUS. See PERUGIA.

Trask, GEORGE, 1798-1875. New England crusader against intemperance and the use of tobacco.

are Of similar type Agated up

Trask, WILLIAM BLAKE, b. 1812. New England antiquarian and genealogist.

Trattinick, LEOPOLD, 1764-1849. Curator of the Herbarium in Vienna. Fungi Austriaci, 1804-6; Archiv der Gewächskunde, 1812-18; Flora des Oesterreichischen Kaiserthums, 1816-22; Botanisches Taschenbuch, 1821; Rosacearum Monographia, 1823-24.

Trautwine, JOHN CRESSON, 1810-1883. American civil enfor the Panama R. R. 1850 Circular Curves for Railroads, gineer. He located many railroads, and made the final survey 1851; Civil Engineer's Pocket-book, 1871.

Travancore. State of s. India, tributary to Gt. Britain. Area 6.730 sq. m.; pop., 1891, 2,557,840, mostly Hindu, but ab. 500,000 Christian.

Travel Allowance. In the U. S. military service, when an officer travels without troops under orders, he is entitled to mileage at the rate of 4 cents per mile and to reimbursement of the cost of transportation actually paid by him, exclusive of sleeping and parlor car fares and charges for baggage and transfers.

Travelers. Those using the highway for the purposes to
traveler
which it is dedicated. An organ-grinder, acrobat, or one using
the road as a play-ground, has not the rights of a
therein.

The rights in railway cars and
Travelers, RIGHTS OF.
other means of transportation depend very much on stat
A ticket is to some extent a contract and entitles the
person to safe transportation to the point indicated and to a
seat. They may be limited in time, and must be shown when
requested. See CARRIERS (COMMON), NEGLIGENCE, and TRAV

utes.

ELERS.

Tra

stel

mo

mot

T

T

of r

ing

and

T

form

usua

large

Rom

T

from

days

by st

Tr

botto

Tr

Tr

Tr

Tr

prison

with