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SCUTARI-SEA-COW

Scutari. 1. Town of Asiatic Turkey, on the Bosphorus, opposite Constantinople; famed for its cemetery.

Cypresses in the Cemetery at Scutari.

Pop.

ab.70,000. 2. Town of n. Albania, on Lake Suctari; besieged
1477 by the Turks, and soon after ceded to them. Pop.
ab.35.000.

Scutate. In Botany and Zoology, shield-shaped organs.
Scutch-Grass. See GRASS, BERMUDA.
Scutellate. Diminutive of Scutate.

Scutellated. Tarsi and feet of birds when clothed with
scutella. See SCUTELLUM.

Scutellum. In Botany, (1) shield-like cotyledon of certain grasses; (2) shield-shaped sessile apothecia in lichens.-In Zoology, piece between the scutum and the post scutellum in the dorsal part of the insect's thorax; (3) scales on a bird's foot.

Scutes (OF SNAKES). Broad scales on the head and ventral surface of snakes. The labials line the margins of the jaws. The most anterior on the upper jaw is the rostral: this is followed in the median line by the anterior and posterior nasals, and the frontal, flanked on each side by the supra-ciliary; next come the parietals, and finally the many small occipitals. Between this series and the labials there are on each side the nasals, loreal, præorbitals, postorbitals, temporals, and occipitals. Behind the chin scute come the anterior labials, then a double series of mental scutes, followed by the small cervicals, and finally the ventrals under the belly. The number and arrangement varies in different species.

Scutibranchia. Broadly, Mollusks like the Patellida and Aspidobranchia: in a restricted sense, subdivision of Aspidobranchia, including forms like Trochus.

Scutum. In Zoology, largest piece, always present in the back (dorsum) of the insect's thoracic segments.-In Botany, ciliated, shield-like organs, especially the stigma of certain plants.

Scylax, ab.600 B.C. Greek of s. w. Asia Minor, who sailed from the Indus to the Red Sea. The Periplus, long credited to him, deals with a later and longer voyage.

Scylla and Charybdis. Two rocks in the strait between Sicily and Italy. In Homer, S. is a monster voiced

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Scyphistoma. Young polyp that arises through the planula and gastrula stages in Jelly-fish. It has 16 tentacles, the first 4 of wh duced successively.

Scyphomedusa (ACRASPEDA, ACALEPHS). fish with gastric filaments and covered sense o lobed umbrella margin. The embryo develops phistoma, Strobila, and Ephyra forms, instead stocks. The wide manubrium has 4 radial, oval tacles, often branched and sometimes fusing. filaments and generative organs are interradial The sense organs are tentaculocysts. The groups Lucernaria, Peromedusa, Charybdeida, and Disco

Scythe. Long, sharp, curved instrument grass. The shorter and stronger kind are used bushes. The introduction of mowing machines put away its use.

Scythia. Ancient name for the region exter and s. of the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Aral. It the Romans to designate the savage tribes from the Its boundaries were undefined.

Scythian. Sometimes called Turanian or these, the last has the most meager development. family of languages comprising the Finnish and Samoyedic, Turkish, Mongolian proper, and Tungu

Scythians. Probably part of the Mongol race steppes of central Asia. They were nomads, expert and bowmen, and lived in covered wagons. Herodotus is, in the main, the s.e. parts of Eur The of later Roman writers is the region e. of the Vo of China. Scytonemaceæ. being alike. forms with filaments divided by transverse septæ, Order of Cyanophyceae,

Scytonemin. Brownish pigment contained in of the Scytonemaceœ.

Sea. The sea covers 137.200,000 sq. m. of the 1 sq. m. comprising the earth's surface, or nearly thre Its mean depth is 12,480 ft. It is separated by land b four great divisions, the Pacific (area 67,500,000 sq. m tic (area 36,000,000 sq. m.), the Indian (area 28,700,00 and the Arctic oceans (area 5,000,000 sq. m.). A fifth is sometimes added, comprising the southern parts of three, and known as the Southern or Antarctic Oce differential action of the sun's heat upon the surface the sea produces currents, which, modified in directio earth's rotation and by the land outline, keep up a circulation. The specific gravity is ab.1.027, being than that of pure water, owing to the salts held in The surface temperature is at the equator ab 80° F., in t regions ab.28° F. In confined bodies near the equato higher. At great depths it falls to 35° F., and is nearly c in all latitudes. See OCEAN.

Sea, GREAT. In O. T., the Mediterranean, as opp the Dead Sea.

Sea, MOLTEN. Huge bronze laver in the court of the of Solomon. It rested on twelve bronze oxen, and wa for washing the sacrifices. Capacity 17,000 gals. Sea-Anemone. See ACTINIDE. Sea-Bear. See FUR SEALS.

Sea Beggars. See BEGGARS OF THE SEA. Seabury, SAMUEL, D.D., 1729-1796. First P.E. bishop U.S.; elected in Conn. 1783, consecrated at Aberdeen, N 1784.-His grandson, SAMUEL, D.D., 1801-1872, edite Churchman 1831-49, and was prof. General Theol. Sem. York, from 1862, where his son, WILLIAM JONES, D.D., became prof. 1873.

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Sea-Cats. See CHIMÆRA.

b

Sea-Coast Artillery. Cannon of the heaviest calib the defense of harbors; that of the U. S. consists of the 12 and 16-in. caliber steel breech-loading rifled guns, and t and 12-in. breech-loading rifled mortars. There are also obsolete 15-in. smooth-bore cast iron Rodman guns, and old 10-in. smooth-bore Rodmans converted into 8-in. rifled for the defense of secondary harbors.

Sea-Coast Carriages. Machines to maneuver the h guns by a small gun detachment. They are the barbett fire over the parapet; the casemate or turret, to fire thr a port or embrasure; the disappearing, to fire over the par carriage. and to recoil under cover after discharge; and the mo

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Sea-Cucumber. See HOLOTHUROIDEA.

SEA-CUCUMBER-SEA-OTTER

The s

villages, where they are slaughtered at leisure.
most common off San Francisco is Zalophus. 9 ft. long.

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Sea-Dove. See ALCIDE.

Sea-Elephant (MACRORHINUS ANGUSTIROSTUS).

Large

seals. The males attain a length of 20 to 30 ft., and have an

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Sea-Elephant (Macrorhinus leoninus).

extensible proboscis. They inhabit the Antarctic and the American coasts of the Pacific, and are now scarce from overhunting for their oil. See PHOCIDE.

Sea-Fan. See GORGONIDE.

Sea Fog. Fog driven by wind from the ocean over the land.

Seagrave, ROBERT, 1693-ab.1760. English hymnist.
Sea-Hedgehog. See PLECTOGNATHI.

Sea-Horse. See LOPHOBRANCHII.

Sea Islands. On s. coast of S. C.; noted for their superior cotton and large negro population.

Seal. At Common Law, impression on an adhesive substance, attached to a legal document. Its form and its legal consequences have been modified by modern statutes.

Seal. See SEALS.

Sea-Lavender. Species of Limonium, delicate salt-marsh herbs of the natural family Plumbaginaceae, of wide geographical distribution; called also Marsh-rosemary.

Sea Laws. Early collections of maritime usages which had acquired the force of laws. Those of Oléron were received in England ab.1175; in Flanders ab. 1350 or earlier. The Gothland (Wisby) sea laws may be traced back to 1240; an edition was printed at Copenhagen 1505, and they were accepted in Scotland before 1583.

Sealed Orders. In the navy, orders given to the commanding officer which are not to be opened until the ship has put to sea.

Sea-Lettuce. Various large light-green seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

Sea Level. Mean height of the surface of the sea when tranquil. If we suppose a canal cut across a continent deep enough for the waters of the ocean to enter and fill it, the surface would mark the sea level along its line. This surface, either of our supposed canal or of mid-ocean, does not of necessity conform to that of an ellipsoid, for in consequence of want of homogeneity of the earth, and of the attractions of continental masses, the waters are in a manner heaped up where the attraction is greatest and depressed where it is least. Thus the mean surface in mid-ocean is believed to be many feet lower than along the shores of the great continents. This difference cannot be determined instrumentally, for the instruments are affected in precisely the same manner as the surface of ocean.

Sealing-Wax. The Hindus from time immemorial were accustomed to use LAC (q.v.) for sealing manuscripts. A good sealing wax is made by melting together 48 parts of shellac, 12 of Venice turpentine, 1 of Peru balsam and 36 of vermilion. The introduction of gummed envelopes has, to a great extent, superseded the use of sealing-wax.

Sea-Lion. Breeding places and habits are much like those of fur seals. They are larger than the latter, and have only coarse hair as a covering. The male sea-lion of the n. Pacific motomias stelleri) attains a length of 14 ft. and wt. of 1,000 h smaller. They are invaluable to the overland to their

species live in the temperate parts of the Southern See OTARIADE.

Seal Islands. See LOBOS ISLANDS.

Seal of Confession. Obligation of a R. C. pri veal communications of a penitent to no human bein the consent of the penitent.

Seal of Solomon. In Magic, six-rayed figure, of two superimposed or interlaced triangles; frequ fused with the pentacle, which is employed as against demons.

Seals. See PINNIPEDIA, WALRUS, SEA-LION, FUR SEA-ELEPHANT.

Sealsfield, CHARLES (KARL POSTEL), 1793-1864. ex-monk, traveler and novelist, for some years in Works, 18 vols., 1846.

Seam. Relatively thin layer in a series of strata different in appearance from the adjacent layers;

of coal.

Seamen. Statutes generally require written co tween sailors and their employers and contain variou for their protection; but while at sea they are subj plinary punishment, not permitted in case of employ

Seamen, MISSIONS TO. Begun in London ab.1 New York 1818; since carried on by various socie and other cities, American, British, Scandinavian, a

Seamless Tube. Wrought-iron or steel tube out joints or seams: this may be done by forgin mandrill, or by a special machine for hollow rollin Sea of Cortes. See CALIFORNIA, GULF OF. Sea of Sodom. See DEAD SEA. Sea-Otter. Valuable fur otter, hunted on isla kan coast. It is very shy, and attains a length

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Sea-Otter (Enhydris lutris). hind feet are webbed. It feeds on clams, etc.. It is monogamous, and bears but one y sleep in the water, lying on its back, with its your

arms.

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but at no set season.

SEARCH-SECOND ADVENT

5 yrs. old, but the fur is valuable after 2 yrs.
Full growth is not attained until it is
Search (AT SEA). Boarding a neutral vessel and examining
her papers and cargo for the purpose of discovering whether
she is violating her neutral duties.

Search Warrant.
seize persons or property. Its exercise is carefully regulated
Judicial authority to search and
by constitutional and statutory provisions in the U.S.

Searles, WILLIAM HENRY, b. 1837. American civil en-
gineer; author of Field Engineering, 1879; Railroad Spiral,

1882.

Sea-Rochet. Fleshy herbs of the genus Cakile, natural family Cruciferæ, natives of the sea-coast; of wide geographical distribution.

Sears, BARNAS, D.D., LL.D., 1802-1880. Prof. Newton Theol. Inst. 1836-48; pres. Brown Univ. 1855-67. Luther, 1850. Sears, EDMUND HAMILTON, D.D., 1810-1876. New England divine, author of two greatly admired Christmas hymns. Regeneration, 1853; 4th Gospel, 1872.

Sea-Serpents. Those now existing belong to the family HYDROPHIDE (q.v.), but those of the cretaceous period, the PYTHONOMORPHA (q.v.), realized the wildest imaginings of those who in modern times report having seen sea-serpents of unknown length and undescribed species. They were true air breathers. Some scientists think it possible that monstrous serpent-shaped fish may exist at great depths in the ocean, and possibly visit the surface at times.

Sea-Shore.

high and low water mark.
At Common Law, space between ordinary
grantee, except in Mass. and a few other States, where it is
It belongs to the State or its
the property of the littoral proprietor.

Sea-Sickness. Well known nausea and discomfort pro-
duced by the motion of a vessel in rough water; or (car-sick-
ness) the swing of a rapidly moving railway train. Its pathol-
ogy is uncertain, but is possibly a disorder of the sympathetic
nervous system. No certain cure has as yet been devised, de-
spite the many suggested.

Sea-Snakes. See PROTEROGLYPHA and HYDROPHIDÆ.
Seasons, CHANGE OF.
axis is not perpendicular to the plane of the orbit, the angle
Due to the fact that the earth's
being 66° 33'. When the earth is in that part of its orbit which
causes the sun to appear above the equator, the result is sum-
mer; in the opposite case winter follows.

Sea-Swallow. See SOLAN-GOOSE.

Seaton, WILLIAM WINSTON, 1785-1866. Ed. Washington
Intelligencer 1812-64; congressional reporter, with J. Gales,
1812-20. Register of Debates, 14 vols., 1829-37.

Seattle. Capital of King co., Wash., on an arm of Puget
Sound; settled 1852, incorporated 1880; heavily injured by fire
1889; site of the State Univ. and several colleges. It exports
large quantities of lumber, coal, fish, and grain; its manufact-
ures are extensive and varied. Its recent growth has been
rapid. Pop., 1890, 42,837, since much increased.
Sea-Urchins. See ECHINOIDEA.

Sea-Wall. Retaining wall built to prevent waves from

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washing away earth.
The front is often
curved to lessen the
force of impact.

Sea-Water. See
WATER and SALT
WATER.

Sea-Weeds. Ma-
rine plants of the
class ALGE (q.v.).

Seawell, MOLLY
ELLIOTT, b. 1859.
American novelist.
The Berkeleys, 1888;
Throckmorton, 1890;
Maid Marion, 1891;
Marsac, 1896.

Sea-Worms.
Worms living in salt
water which eat tim-
ber; the most de-
structive one is Te-
redo navalis, which,
however, is not a true
worm, but a mollusk.
See SHIP-WORM.

Seba. Ancient kingdom of Ethicsi

Sebaceous Glands.

through the skin, except on the palms of Glandular org soles of the feet, secreting an oily substa the most part, discharges into hair follicles. tion is composed of stearin 24, extractin 12, 11, albumen 24, calcium phosphate 20, calcium carbonates 3.7, sodium chloride 3.7.

by fusing castor oil with caustic potash. Sebacic Acid. CHO.. Shining lamina obtained by the oxidation of stearic acid and s

Sebaldus, ST. Patron of Nuremberg; cano history is legendary. His day is Aug. 19.

Sebastian, ST. Soldier of Gaul, martyred al bound to a tree and pierced by arrows. His day

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in the East Dec. 18.

Tangier 1574, again invaded Africa 1578, and was Sebastian, 1554-1578. King of Portugal 1 slain Aug. 4 at Alcazar. His people believed h and five impostors personated him.

Sebastiani, FRANÇOIS HORACE BASTIEN, COM Corsican soldier and diplomatist, prominent in Na General 1803, Marshal 1840.

Sebastiano del Piombo (LUCIANI). See Sebastopol, or SEVASTOPOL. Seaport of the sieged by the allied armies of France and Englan Sept. 1855. 120,000 French and 27,000 English w in the siege. The Russian works were garris

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Sebastopol.

30,000 men, and mounted 800 guns. The Russians men, the French 44,500, the British ab. 15,000. restoration the town is important commercially summer resort. Pop. ab. 30,000, besides a garrison Sebiferous. Wax-bearing organs, as the frui Bayberry.

Sebillot, PAUL, b. 1843. author of many books and papers on popular lege French student of superstitions, especially in Brittany.

Secant, IN GEOMETRY. Straight line which cuts in two or more points, or plane which has two or m ments in common with a curved surface.

Secant, IN TRIGONOMETRY. Ratio of the distance point on the terminal line of an angle from its ve angle. the projection of that distance on the initial line

servatory at Rome 1850; eminent for scientific activit Secchi, PIETRO ANGELO, 1818-1878. Director of ticularly in solar physics and meteorology.

Secession. Voluntary separation from any body b of its members; as, most eminently, that of the So States from the federal Union 1860-61. The doctrine ha anticipated by that of the S. C. nullifiers 30 years before Seckendorf, VEIT LUDWIG VON, 1626-1692. Germa cial, author of Deutsche Fürstenstaat, 1656, and De Lut ismo, 1688, the latter in answer to L. Maimbourg.-His ne COUNT FRIEDRICH HEINRICH, 1673-1763, was a genera diplomatist in the service of Austria and Bavaria, tw chief command, and twice imprisoned.

Secker, THOMAS, D.D., LL.D., 1693-1768. Bp. of B 1735, of Oxford 1737: Dean of St. Paul's, London, 1750; A Canterbury 1758. Works, 12 vols., 1795.

Secohm. See SELF-INDUCTION.

Second. 400th part of a mean solar day.

Second Advent. Final coming of Christ to world; predicted in the

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1362

SECONDARIES-SECULAR PERTURBATIONS

Secondaries. Quill-feathers (remiges) borne on the antebrachium (middle joint or section) of the bird's wing.

Secondary. In early geological science, all then known fossiliferous rocks; later, all strata containing extinct species of plants and animals; now nearly equivalent to Mesozoic.

Secondary, or SECONDARY CYCLONES. Small barometric depressions, usually marked by local rains or thunderstorms, and producing minor irregularities in the course of the general

isobars.

Secondary Alcohols. Derived from methyl alcohol, CH,.OH, by replacing two hydrogen atoms with two hydrocarbon radicals. Upon oxidation they yield a ketone, and then an acid or acids containing a smaller number of carbon atoms. They do not yield aldehydes. Example, secondary butyl alcohol: CH,.C,H,.CHOH.

Secondary Battery. See ACCUMULATOR and STORAGE BATTERY.

Secondary Coil. See INDUCTORIUM.

Secondary Compounds. Formed by replacing hydrogen in a CH, group by a group or radical. Thus from propane, CH3.CH,.CH,, secondary propyl alcohol, CH,.CHOH.CH,, is

derived.

Secondary Generator. See TRANSFORMER and CONVERTER (ELECTRIC).

Secondary Roots. Those other than the PRIMARY ROOT (q.v.), appearing on various portions of the plant, as the climbing roots of the Ivy and Poison Vine, etc.

Secondary Sexual Characters. Any characteristics (as color markings, etc.), except those of the reproductive organs themselves, which distinguish males and females. An example is the spurs present on male fowl.

See ARCANI DISCIPLINA.

Seconds Pendulum. See PENDULUM.
Secret, DISCIPLINE OF THE.
Secretaries OF STATE, WAR, ETC., OF U.S. These officials
are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
The salary of the office is $8,000 per annum.

S. African, raptorial
Secretary-Bird (SERPENTARIUS).
bird, with long legs (especially the tarsal portion), rather long
neck and wings, and the two middle tail feathers much elon-
gated. The back of the head bears a plume of backwardly

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duced.
glands, as their normal function; also, the substance so

Secret Nailing. Boards so laid and nailed that the
of the nails cannot be seen; also called blind nailing.

Secret Service Moneys. In England, funds pla the disposal of the Ministers of State, to be expended a discretion, without giving an account.

Secret Writing. See CRYPTOGRAPHY.

Section. In Architecture, an actual or imagined rep
In importa
tation of a building or part of a building as it would ap
cut through at a certain line of the plan so as to exp
interior arrangement and construction.
complicated buildings, it is customary to prepare two
ings of vertical sections, one on the longer axis, call
longitudinal, and another at right angle to it, called the
verse section.

Section. Portion of surface included within lines o
section with other surfaces. A plane section is form
plane cutting a surface.

Sectional Boilers. Form in which the generat
ments are small and separate units, connecting togeth
one chamber, from which

the outlets take off the
The units are
steam.
spherical in cast-iron
boilers, and of lap-welded
tube in wrought-iron
types. These boilers are
tation is lacking for great
weights; an accident to
portable when transpor-
one part does not usually
entail loss of the whole
structure nor so appall-
water escapes gradually
through a small outlet,
and repair to the damaged
ing a disaster, since the
part makes the whole
boiler as good as before.
the units insure quick
transfer of heat through
the thinner metal possi-
The small diameters of
ble, whence the boilers
are also light. The diffi-
culties come from leak-
age of the increased joint
Sectional Boiler.
area, from unequal ex-
pansion of different parts,
and from insufficient dis-
engagement area for steam from the water, whence
and overheated metal will result, since the circulati
be normal. In bad waters, also, scale will deposi
venient places in such boilers. A sectional boiler
ful in proportion as it avoids or diminishes these
See BOILERS.

Sector, PLANE. Portion of plane surface bou
arc and the two radii or radii vectors at its extre
revolution about the axis of the curve produces a s

Secular Acceleration OF THE MOON'S ME
Halley found, by comparing the ancient records
with those observed in the Middle Ages, and these
modern observations, that a change was going on i
velocity. This has since been shown to be due to
in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit, and possibl
a lengthening of the day.

Secular Games. Supposed to be celebrated
the commencement of each Sæculum or period
B.C., a law made them obligatory every 100 years
tus had this changed to 110 years. Horace wrote
Sæculare for this celebration, as is recorded upon
covered recently in Rome.

Humanitarian scheme devise
Secularism.
1844, and pushed by local and national societies
Holyoake and later by C. Bradlaugh. It aimed a
social improvement, on temporal grounds, an
essentially democratic and anti-theological.

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Secularization.

Conversion of Ch. prop uses, as in England under Henry VIII., and lat Italy, and other countries; also transfer of auth education and marriage, from Ch. to State.

Secular Perturbations OF COMETS AND P as go on for ages in the same direction; disti periodic, which complete their cycle in the co

years at most.

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SECULARS-SEED-BAGGING

Seculars. 1. Priests not bound by monastic vows. 2. Bulk of Catholics, as living in the world and not following a special rule of piety beyond their necessary Christian obligations. Secund. Axes of plants bearing lateral organs on one side only, or when these are all turned to one side, as the flower-heads in many kinds of Golden-rod.

Secundine. Inner coat of the ovule.

Dutch

Secundus, JOHANNES (JAN EVERTS), 1511-1536. author of Latin poems. Basia, 1539. Secundus, PUBLIUS POMPONIUS, 1st cent. Roman tragic poet, Consul 44. Fragments only remain.

Securite. Flameless powder, consisting of granulated yellow grains, composed of a mixture of 218 parts of dinitronaphthalene with 720 parts of ammonium nitrate.

Security. Property of any kind, set aside as the basis on which a loan is made, to guarantee the creditor's rights. Sedalia. Capital of Pettis co., Mo., 95 m. e. of Kansas City; founded 1861. It has some manufactures. Pop., 1890, 14,068.

Sedan. Town of n.e. France, on the Meuse, near the Belgian border; seat of a Huguenot theol. sem. till 1685; scene of a momentous battle Sept. 1, 1870, following on a series of desperate conflicts in the vicinity, Aug. 29, 30, 31. It lasted from 5 A.M. to 4 P.M., and involved 150,000 French under MacMahon and 250,000 Germans under the king and crown prince of Prussia. 14,000 French were wounded and 25,000 made prisoners; Napoleon III. surrendered next day with 83,000 more, 70 mitrailleuses, and 550 cannon.

Sedan Chair. Covered vehicle borne on poles by two men, conveying one seated passenger; familiar in England ab. 1600-1800, and not yet entirely disused. It took its name from

A Sedan Chair.

Sedan in France, where it was invented. They were often decorated with paintings by artists of note. Similar chairs carried on the shoulders by two or more men have long been in use in China.

Sedatives. Medicines which directly depress the vital forces, the chief of which are aconite, chloroform and hemlock. The term is rather loosely employed.

Seddon, JAMES ALEXANDER, 1815-1880. M.C. from Va. 1845-47 and 1849-51; Sec. of War C.S.A. 1862-64.

Sedeno, ANTONIO. d. 1538. Spanish conqueror of the Caribs of Trinidad 1530, and later.

Sedentaria. Fixed, as distinguished from free-swimming animals, belonging to the same group; e.g., the Vorticellida, a division of order Peritricha of ciliated Infusorians. Sedentaria (ASCIDIÆ COMPOSITE). See ASCIDIACEA. Sedentaria (TUBICOLE, CEPHALOBRANCHIA, CEPHALOBRANCHIATA). Polychatous Annelids that live in tubes. They have an indistinct head, which bears numerous thread-like tentacles and branched cirri, one of which may bear an operculum for closing the tube. They have a short proboscis, no jaws, and the branchiæ, parapodia, etc., are not largely developed. The body is often differentiated into thoracic, abdominal, and caudal regions. See ARENICOLA, CHÆTOPTERUS, SABELLA, and SERPULA.

Sedge. Grass-like plants of the natural family Cyperaceae, growing mainly in wet places in all parts of the world.

Sedgemoor. In Somersetshire, near Bridgewater; scene of Monmouth's defeat by royal troops July 6, 1685, and the collapse of his rebellion.

Sedgwick, ADAM, LL.D., F.R.S., 1786-1873. English geologist, to whom we owe our knowledge of the true nosition

of the geological relation of beds in n. and afterward called Permian, and of the general Wales. Prof. Cambridge from 1818. He m wardian Museum one of the most complete in t Sedgwick, CATHERINE MARIE, 1789-1867. elist and author of tales for the young. Redw Leslie, 1827; Live and Let Live, 1837; Letters 1862. Her father, THEODORE, LL.D., 1746-1 1789-96 and 1799-1802, U. S. Senator 1796-99 Mass. Supreme Court from 1802.-His grands 1811-1859, pub. Measure of Damages, 1847, and Constitutional Law, 1857.-Their ancestor, ROBI a general under Cromwell.

Sedgwick, DANIEL, 1815-1879. London bo collections, studies, and reprints supplied a n most a basis for English hymnology.

Sedgwick, JOHN, U.S. A., 1813-1864. Briga commander in the Army of the Potomac 1861-6 of the Sixth Corps Feb. 1863; distinguished at tietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and the Wil at Spottsylvania.

Sedilia. In Ecclesiastical Architecture, the for the persons who take part in the performa vice. They are sometimes incorporated with th the same material, but more often are movable a of wood.

Sedimentary. Rocks formed by sedimenta Sedimentation. Settling down of rock pended in water.

Sedition. Acts or words tending toward tr legally reaching its guilt and penalties. It tends ance to lawful authority. In the military serv ciated with mutiny, and military persons when of crimes of this nature by courts-martial are p the provisions of the Articles of War.

Sedley, SIR CHARLES, 1639-1701. English poet.

Sedley, WILLIAM HENRY, 1806-1872. British-A Seduction. Illegal enticement of a servant ter, especially that of a daughter and her sexu resulting in legal damage to the master: by made a criminal offense.

Sedulius, CELIUS, ab.450. Latin poet, w Paschale is chiefly a harmony of the Gospels. solis ortus cardine, is used in English versions. See, APOSTOLICAL. Bishopric of Rome, as t tolically founded church in the West.

See, HORACE, b.1835. American designer of in the engines of U. S. navy and other vessels.

Seed. Ripened plant ovule containing an embryo is the essential part of the seed; the ot are subsidiary to its protection, nurture, and

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Diagram showing general structure of See

A, section of ovule: b, pollen-tube; e, nucellus; f, access synergida; g, ovum or egg-cell; h, central nucleus of en antipodal cells of embryo-sac; k, embryo-sac.

B, embryo-sac, showing a, suspensor; b, embryo or segme c, nuclei; d, vacuoles.

C, section of a seed, showing a, the micropyle; b, embr bryonic root; c, embryonic stem; d, cotyledons; e, ex coat; f, endosperm; g, perisperm.

Seeds rich in ferment readily lose their power of those rich in starch survive longest. See the relating to the structure of seed above.

Seed-Bagging. Method of introducing an a water-tight packing at any desired point in an a or oil-well, between the central tubing and the means of a strong bag fastened to the outside of filled with flaxseed. The seed, on swelling, a the irregularities of the rock surface and thus

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