1248 QUADRATIC EXPRESSION-QUAGGA Turkish quadrilateral was Shumla, Varna, Rustchuk, and tria; lost by treaty of Berlin July 13, 1878, which secure e autonomy of Bulgaria. Novogeorgievsk, Warsaw, Iva Quadrilocular. Four-celled anthers in the flow certain plants. Quadrivium. See SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS. Quadroon. Person with one-fourth negro blood. Quadrupeds. Broadly, all four-footed vertebrat mals; but usually and popularly, mammals that walk four feet. Quadruple Alliance. Between England, Fran the German emperor, July 22, 1718; joined by Holland 1719. It guaranteed the succession to the reigning ho England and France. Quadruplex (TELEGRAPHY). System of multiple mission in telegraphy, by which two messages in each d may be transmitted over the same wire at the sam Suggestions of the possibility of such a system were m by Dr. Stark of Vienna, but the first practical instr were brought out by Edison in New York in 1874. Quadruplicate Ratio. Ratio of the fourth po Quæstor. Roman annual magistrate, who assis higher officials. He had the supervision of the treasur streets of the city, and of certain courts. From 4 military quæstors accompanied the commander to his and had charge of the finances and commissariat. Quagga. S. African wild horse, reddish brown al whitish beneath, with dark zebra-like stripes on the Quadrilatera. See CRABS. Surface bounded by four lines. Quadrilateral. complete quadrilateral is one each of whose sides intersect the other three. By placing conditions upon the relations of the sides, specific forms of the quadrilateral are obtained. Quadrilateral. Four strong fortresses in n. Italy, Ved Legnago on the Adige, Mantua and Peschiera on the the Italians Oct. 16, 1866. The Quagga (Equus quagga). part of the body. Height 4 ft. 6 in. at the withers. is esteemed as food by the Bushmen. It occurs in l QUAHAUG-QUARTER SESSIONS Quails. Gallinaceous partridge-like birds, including the Old World genera Coturnix, Turnix, Perdicula, etc., and the New World Colinus (Ortyx), Lophortyx, Oreortyx, etc. communis, the European quail, can cross the Mediterranean C. in its migrations. C. virginianus, the quail of e. U. S., or Bob White, known as partridge in the South, resembles grouse but is smaller. Length 9 in. Its head is not crested, the plumage is chestnut red, and greatly barred and streaked. They nest in May. L. californicus, of the Pacific coast, has a black crest, blue breast, plumage chestnut, each feather edged with black. O. pictus, the Mountain quail of the same region, is also crested, and a large, handsomely marked bird. See PARTRIDGES. Quain, JONES, 1796-1865. Prof. at London Univ. 1833-61. His Anatomy, 1828, was much used.-His brother, RICHARD, F.R.S., 1800-1887, prominent as practitioner and writer, was pres. Royal Coll. of Surgeons 1868. Anatomy of Arteries, 1845. -A half-brother, SIR JOHN RICHARD, 1817-1876. became a judge of Queen's Bench 1872.-Their cousin, SIR RICHARD, LL.D., b. 1816, a leading physician and medical writer, was made Baronet 1891. Quaker Bridge Dam. See DAMS. Quaker Guns. False guns made of logs and placed in embrasures to deceive the enemy. Quaker Hill. In R. I.; scene of a battle between British and Americans, Aug. 29, 1778, the latter holding the field. Quakers. Name given to FRIENDS (q.v.) in derision, and largely though unofficially used. Quaking Grass. Grasses of the genus Briza, mainly natives of the Old World, sparingly introduced as weeds into N. America. Quality. 1. Property of anything, determining its kind. 2. That characteristic of sound which depends upon the waveform, or of radiation, which depends on the state of polarization. Quamash. See CAMASS. Quantic. General_term_covering all algebraic functions Quantin, ALBERT MARIE JÉRÔME, b. 1850. Parisian printer. Quantitative Hedonism. That form of judging moral Quantity. In a limited sense, anything capable of measurement, increase, or decrease. In wider mathematical use, anything subject to mathematical processes and investigation. Quantity. Relative length of a syllable, not to be confounded with its force or accent. It is of grammatical as well as prosodical importance, particularly in Latin. Quantivalence. See VALENCE. Quaquaversal. Rocks dipping in all directions from a common point. Quarantine. Methods involving the isolation of the sick having communicable diseases. The word was applied in the Middle Ages to the 40 days' detention of vessels in the Mediterranean ports when they had sailed from countries infected with plague. Out of this has grown the modern system of maritime quarantine, which includes inspection of incoming vessels, isolation of the sick with certain communicable diseases, more especially cholera and yellow fever, detention and observation of the well of the vessels where cases of communicable diseases are found, or are suspected, and disinfection. The word has been applied to inland quarantine, when non-intercourse with a district where communicable diseases are epidemic is enforced; and to domiciliary quarantine, when the inmates of a house are isolated because of the presence of a communicable disease. Regulations against the plague were first established at Venice, then the foremost port on the Mediterranean, ab. 1448. A century earlier the household property of such as had died was destroyed to prevent infection. In the U. S. quarantine laws were passed by the colonies, and afterward by the several States. A national act wee Quarles, FRANCIS, 1592-1644. English sacred poet. F for Worms, 1620; Argalus and Parthenia, 1622; Divine Po 1630; Enchiridion (prose), 1640. His Emblems, 1635, have o glyphics of the Life of Man, 1638. He had wit and a gift been reprinted, sometimes with School of the Heart and H epigram: Thoreau said, "He uses language sometimes grandly as Shakespeare."-His son JOHN, 1624-1665, wa poet. Quarry. In distinction from a mine, excavation in rock in ore at the earth's surface; also sometimes underground e cavations in non-metalliferous formation, as in gypsum. Quarry Bed. Stone is said to be laid on its quarry be when so placed that its strata have the same position as the had in the quarry. This position is conducive to durability. Quarrying. Stone is quarried by hand tools, by explosive and by CHANNELING MACHINES (q. v.), the last being extensivel used since 1880. By the use of explosives large blocks are d tached which are afterward split by hand, but by channelin machines blocks can be cut to dimension size on five of the si sides. Quart. Fourth part of a gallon, capacity of U. S. 57.75 cu in., English quart 69.318 cu. in. The ordinary "quart bottle contains ab. the sixth part of a gallon in U. S. Quartan Fever. INTERMITTENT FEVER (q.v.), the parox ysms of which occur every fourth day. Quarter Crack. Separation of the horn fibers in horse's hoof, caused by bad shoes and bad shoeing. Weak ness of the fiber is generally found in hoofs subject to inflam mation. Quarter Days. Four days in the year upon which, by law or custom, moneys payable in quarter-yearly installments are collectable. They differ in different jurisdictions. In N. Y City, as between landlord and tenant, they are the first days of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Quarter Deck. Uppermost deck of a ship between the main and mizzen masts, when there is a poop; otherwise from the mainmast to the stern. It is the place of honor, and on ships of war this forms the parade. Quarter Evil. Form of malignant vesicle frequently fatal to the lower order of animals. Quarterly Review. Founded in London by John Murray 1809; edited by W. Gifford till 1824, and by J. G. Lockhart 1826-53. Scott, Southey, and Croker were among the chief contributors. Quartermaster. Officer having charge of supplies and transportation in a regiment. For the whole army these are controlled by a quartermaster-general. Quartermaster's Department, U.S.A. This is uncharged with the duty of providing means of transportader the Quartermaster-general (Brigadier-general), and is tion of every character, either under contract or in kind. which may be needed in the movement of troops and material of war. It furnishes all public animals employed in the service of the army, the forage consumed by them, wagons and all articles necessary for their use, except the equipment of cavalry and artillery. It furnishes clothing, camp and garrison equipage, barracks, store-houses, and other buildings; constructs and repairs roads, railways, bridges; builds and charters ships, boats, docks, and wharfs needed for military purposes, and attends to all matters connected with military operations which are not expressly assigned to some other bure nat 1250 QUARTER STAFF-QUEBEC peace, which are held quarterly. They are mostly for the trial of criminals. Quarter Staff. Defensive weapon formerly used in England, consisting of a pole ab. 6 ft. long, which was grasped with both hands, one near the middle and the other between the middle and the end. Dr. Johnson explains its name by this manner of holding. Combats with quarter staves were a common rustic amusement. Quartet. Composition for four instruments or voices. Quartets for stringed instruments originated with Haydn, and were developed by Mozart and Beethoven. Vocal quartets, up to the time of Wagner, were frequent features in operas. Quarter-twist Belt. Arrangements of a flat endless belt which transmits power from a pulley on one shaft to another on a shaft at right angles to it and not in the same plane as In the simplest case, with no guide pulleys, the the first. driving pulley must be placed so that the plane through the center of the face passes tangent to the driven pulley at the point where the belt leaves it. The belt in this case drives by an edge only; a wider belt is necessary than for parallel shafts, and the shafts should not be too near, nor should there be too great difference in the diameters of the pulleys. If a guide pulley is introduced, or two, so that the lateral stiffness of the belt is not called upon to help keep the belt in place, more friction is introduced, but the full driving power of the belt can be used. For round or triangular belts with grooved pulleys, no appreciable loss occurs. Quarter Undulation Plate. Plate of some doubly refracting substance, of such a thickness that, when interposed in the path of a beam of plane polarized light of a particular color, and with its principal section making an angle +45° with the plane of polarization, it converts that beam into circularly polarized light. This result may be brought about in two ways; either a small plate may be of just the right thickness to cause a relative retardation of a quarter wave length in the two rays produced by double refraction, or two thicker plates may be used, so placed that their differential action produces the same retardation. Quassia. Quassia amara. have been used in killing flies. Small tree of the Quaternary. Division of the Cænozoic age, often called the era of Man, including the Glacial period and all subsequent time. See COLUMN. Quaternion. army, guard of four soldiers, "corporal's guard"; mer in Acts xii. 4, in the narrative of St. Peter's imprisonme In the Roman deliverance. Quassia (Quassia amara). V, Quaternions. System of analysis devised by Sir Hamilton ab. 1843. It grew out of efforts to interpret aginaries of algebra. The elements are: Vectors A v T, versors U, scalars S, and quaternions. a symbol of transference in direction or a directed lin unit vector is the same for all lines having the same di That which repeats the unit vector to produce any Quartic. Quantic of the fourth degree; as, x+y+4x3y- called the tensor, and is a coefficient of the unit vec +6x2y2+4x3y+C. Quartine. In Botany, fourth coat in the wall of certain ovules. Quartley, ARTHUR, 1839-1886. American painter of marine subjects. Quartz. SiO,. One of the most abundant minerals in the earth's crust; silica, containing 46 per cent of silicon and 53 per cent of oxygen. It occurs in many forms, colors, and conditions, but is usually recognized with ease by its hardness and its power of resisting the ordinary chemical reagents. When occurring by itself in crystalline masses of great extent, it forms the rock known as quartzite; in rounded grains cemented together, it constitutes sandstone. Associated with other minerals, as feldspar, mica, or amphibole, it is an important constituent of many of the common crystalline rocks. See AMETHYST, CHALCEDONY, CARNELIAN, AGATE, ONYX, FLINT and JASPER. Quartz Mining. Mining for gold on veins of auriferous quartz, in distinction from the methods employed in the hydraulic process or in working placer deposits. Quartz Porphyry. Porphyry consisting of feldspar and quartz with large grains of the latter. Quartz Rock, or QUARTZITE. See QUARTZ. Quasi Contract. Obligation created by law and not by given to Low SUNDAY (q.v.). Quasi-moral Sentiments. Sentiments of repugnance at the performance of actions which we believe to be right and yet have been in the habit of considering as dubious or which would in other circumstances be wrong. Quasi Rent. Payment received by those who at any Quasi Taxes. Sources of revenue to the State which are versor. vector operating to turn another at right angles to its Quatre-Bras. Hamlet of Belgium; scene of conf Quatrefages, JEAN LOUIS ARMAND DE, 1810-189 Paris 1850; naturalist and anthropologist. Souvenirs 1857; History of Man, 1869, tr. 1875; Les Pygmées, 188 Quatrefoil. In Gothic Architecture, a four-lea foration. Quatremère, ÉTIENNE MARC, 1782-1857. Pro 1809, Paris 1819. Language and Literature of Egy The Nabatheans, 1835. He tr. histories of the M Persia, 1836, and the Mameluke Sultans, 1837-40. Quatremère de Quincy, ANTOINE CHRYSOSTO phael, 1824; Historic Dict. of Architecture, 2 vo Canova, 1834; Michelangelo, 1835. 1849. Prof. Paris 1818. Jupiter, 1814; Fine Arts, Quay, MATTHEW STANLEY, b. 1833. U. S. Senator since 1887; chairman Republican National Committe manager of the State machine. Quebec. Province of Canada. Its area is 228.9 The surface is undulating and hilly, consisting of southward slope from the summit, which divides t of the St. Lawrence, the chief river, from those flo Hudson's Bay. It has an extensive commerce, fi and some agriculture. The capital is Q. The pro large lumber business, furnished by the forests whic formerly Lower Canada. It was entered 1534 by Ca was at Q. 1608: in 1759 the city was taken by Gen. W took possession for France. The first permanent entire French possessions were surrendered to Eng vinces of Upper and Lower Canada were for QUEBEC-QUETELET'S LAW but united 1841, and the seat of government finally established at Ottawa. The various provinces were united 1867 into the Dominion of Canada. Pop., 1891, 1.488,535, of whom some 300.000 speak English; seven-eighths are Roman Catholics. Quebec. Capital of the province of Q., on the n. bank of the St. Lawrence; naturally a strong place; founded 1608 by Champlain. Its citadel was originally designed by Vauban; but the modern one, built 1823, is after Wellington's plans. Q. was the scene of the memorable conflict between Wolfe and Citadel of Quebec. Montcalm 1759, which marked the end of the French rule in N. America. It was unsuccessfully besieged by the Americans under Montgomery 1775, and suffered greatly by fires 1815, 1845 twice, 1866, 1870, 1876, 1881. Pop., 1891, 63,090. Quebracho. Aspidosperma quebracho. Tree of the natural family Apocynaceae, native of S. America, where its bark is used as a febrifuge. It contains the alkaloid Aspidospermine. Queen Anne's Farthings. Farthings struck for the improvement of the coinage in 1713-14. Queen Anne Style. See RENAISSANCE. Queen Anne's War. War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-14, so far as it concerned the American colonies. It included the massacre at Deerfield, Mass., 1704, the destruction of several Spanish settlements in Fla. 1704-5, an attack of the French on Charleston 1706, and three attempts by New England troops to capture Acadia, of which the last, 1710, was successful. Queen Charlotte Islands. In the Pacific, off British Columbia; area ab. 5,000 sq. m. They have some mineral resources, and a small Indian population. Queen of Heaven. Oriental goddess Astarte, the Moon; sometimes the planet Venus. Her worship was exceedingly licentious. Queenpost. One of two principals of a trussed roof. Queen Post Truss. Bridge truss having only two vertical members, the top of each being connected to the abutment Queen Post Truss. by an inclined strut; used only for highway bridges of less span than 50 feet. Queensberry, JOHN SHOLTO DOUGLAS, MARQUIS OF, b. 1844, Marquess 1858. He drew up rules for glove fights which fixed the time of rounds to three minutes, the time between rounds to one minute, and the time allowance for a fallen man to rise to ten seconds. Wrestling and hugging were forbidden. Queen's College and University. At Kingston, Canada; incorporated 1841. It has 64 instructors, organized in five faculties: Arts, Theology, Medicine, Law, and Practical Science. The last includes the various branches of engineering, with chemistry, biology, architecture and navigation. Queen's (or KING'S) Counsel. Barristers and sergeants appointed by letters patent, and who may not, except by license from the crown, take a brief against the crown; they also renounce written pleadings. Queen's (or KING'S) Evidence. When an accused person turns queen's evidence, he confesses his guilt and offers himself as a witness against his accomplices. Unless his testimony is corroborated, the prisoners are acquitted notwithstanding. See STATE'S EVIDENCE. face is mainly made up of semi-arid plains. the e. coast is a range of low mountains. capital, Brisbane; pop., 1891, 422,776. 1: Nearly paralle Area, 668,224 sq. Queen's Metal. Alloy, consisting of 75 per cent tin, antimony, 8 bismuth, and 8.5 lead, used for table ware. Queenstown. Irish seaport, in Cork harbor; stoppi place of transatlantic steamers, to land and take on ma Pop., 1891, 9,123. Queenstown Heights. In Ontario, Canada. Here 1,000 Americans attacked Oct. 13, 1812, but had to surren to the British, most of their forces refusing to cross the riv Queiros, PEDRO FERNANDES DE, 1560-1614. Portugu seaman in Spanish service; explorer of the Pacific 1605-6; c coverer of the Hebrides and other islands. Quenstedt, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, 1809-1889. German pa ontologist and mineralogist. Grundriss der bestimmend Krystallographie, 1873; Handbuch der Mineralogie, 1853 1877. Quesnay, FRANÇOIS. 1694-1774. French economist, founde of the school of the Physiocrates; physician and adviser Louis XV.: encyclopedist. Tableau Economique, 1758; Physi cratic, 1768. Quesnel, PASQUIER, 1634-1719. French Oratorian an Jansenist, in exile from 1685. He edited the works of Leo I 1675. His Moral Reflections on N.T., 8 vols., 1663-99, tr. 1719 25 and 1790, were condemned by the papal bull Unigenitu 1713. 1252 QUETZALTENANGO-QUINETTE DE ROCHEMONT Quetzaltenango. Second city of Guatemala, 95 m. n.w. of Guatemala City. It is the center of the trade in native cloth. Its port is Champerico on the Pacific. Pop. ab.20,000, mostly Indians. Quevedo, JOSÉ HERIBERTO GARCIA DE, 1819-1871. Spanish poet, b. in Venezuela. Quevedo Villegas, FRANCISCO GOMEZ DE, 1580-1645. Spanish poet and prose satirist; Sicilian Finance Minister 1611-19; imprisoned 1639-43. Gran Tocaño, 1626; Politica de Dios, 1626; Visions, 1627; Hell Reformed, 1628. He wrote also many serious works, much fugitive verse, and some dramatic pieces. Quezalcoatl. "Feathered Serpent," god of the wind; a Toltec divinity, averse to human sacrifices, whom the Aztecs worshiped but dreaded, and for whose return as their deliverer the Toltecs longed. The identification of Cortez with Q. paralyzed the resistance of Montezuma until too late. Quiberon Bay. In w. France; scene of engagements between French and English, Nov. 20, 1759, and June, 1795. In the last Hoche defeated 4,000 Chouans and other royalists, supported by a British fleet. Quichua. Chief Indian tribe of Peru, and modern representatives of the Incas; now reduced from 30,000,000 to 2,000.000. They are of an olive complexion, beardless, with well-developed bodies, large chests, and short legs. A special "Wormian" bone known as the Inca bone is present in the skull. They are distrustful of the whites, obstinate, and lazy, but kind to their families and domestic animals. The latter Quichua Indians. are rarely killed, even for food, and kept in the house, which is a circular hut of unhewn stone. They live principally on corn, potatoes, and barley, chew coco, and drink chicka liquor to excess. Many are peons. Little or no clothing is worn, even in cold weather. The language is guttural, but rich in words of sentiment and poetry. Erotic songs, some of which date from the time of the ancient Incas, are sung. The people are pious, nominally Catholic, but very superstitious. Quick, ROBERT HEBERT, 1832-1891. Anglican divine and teacher. Educational Reformers, 1868. gears with an even number of wheels and less reductio Quicksand. Bed of sand in its place in the earth, in v Quietism. Mystical movement started ab. 1675 by Mc (q.v.). Its congeners were Jansenism and Pietism; its chi ponent was Mme. Guyon. Quiller-Couch, ARTHUR T. ("Q."), b. 1863. English elist and essayist. Dead Man's Rock, 1887; Splendid 1889; Adventures in Criticism, 1896; Wandering Heath Quin, JAMES, 1693-1766. English comedian; pror chief immediate predeces His best parts were Falst Quinaldine. C,,H,N. Methylquinoline. Liquid, b C., of peculiar odor, present in coal tar; isomer of lepidi Quinault, PHILIPPE, 1635-1688. French dramatist, mician 1670. Quinby, ISAAC FERDINAND, 1821-1891. Prof. Univ ester 1851-61 and from 1864; Brig.-gen. U.S.A. 1862-6 ing in the West and commanding the Yazoo Pass exp Miss., 1863. Quince. Cydonia vulgaris. Low tree of the Apple native of temperate Europe and Asia, widely cultivated for its edible fruit. The Japan Quince, Cydonia japonica, is a well-known red-flowered shrub, much planted for ornament. Quincuncial. In Botany, imbricated æstivation of certain five-parted flow Quick Lime. Produced by burning limestone. It slakes supplied with water by pump- Quick-return Motions. Mechanical movements in a ing. Pop., 1890, 31,494. Quincy. City of Norfolk Japan Quince. a, ripe fruit; b, section of for its public school Quincy, JOSIAH, 1744-1775. Boston patriot and See QUATREMERE DE Quinette de Rochemont, EMILE THÉODOR |