be early imitations of this, but the whole seems to depend on the quarries they come from, and where such enormous masses were found they might be used at any time. Mr. E. A. Freeman has also pointed out a slight inaccuracy in the quotation from the Saxon Chronicle, respecting "the churches ordered to be rebuilt by Canute (or Cnut), in all the places where churches had previously been burnt by his father or himself." He says there is no such general order to be found in the Chronicle, it is confined to the single instance of Essendune (or Ashington in Essex). This is no doubt literally true, but it may fairly be considered as implied in many other instances. When the Danes first became Christians in the time of Cnut, they were very zealous Christians, and as building in stone was just then coming into fashion, after a long interval, nothing could be more natural than that they would build stone churches, to replace the wooden ones that they had burnt in their wars. ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD, CONTENTS. The Basilica. -The Tribune, or Apse.-The Byzantine Style.-Roman Masonry.-The Barbarian Period.-The The Millennium being passed, a new building era com- menced. -Division of Styles and Nomenclature. - Canute builds many Churches.-Early Towers.-Stone Carpentry.-Long-and-Short work.-Belfry Windows. -Balusters.-Rubble.-Saxon or Danish? THE EARLY NORMAN PERIOD.-EDWARD THE CON- FESSOR, WILLIAM I. AND II., HENRY I. A. D. Westminster Abbey, dormitory, &c.-The Conquest.- The Abbeys at Caen.-The Lower Town at Lincoln.- The Norman Castles or Keeps.-Many Monasteries founded, and Churches commenced under William I. and II., completed under Henry I.—Winchester, Tran- septs. Canterbury, Choir of Conrad. Great number of rich Norman Churches built between 1120 and 1170:-Peterborough, Castor, Rochester, Dun- stable, Rievaulx, Fountains; St. Bartholomew's, Smith- field; Porchester, Buildwas, Castle Acre, St. Cross, Kirkstall, Bayeux.-Shobdon.-Norman Houses.-De- tails characteristic of the Period. THE CHANGE OF STYLE. A.D. 1175-1200 The Pointed Arch introduced before the change.-Foun- tains. Canterbury. - Sens. - Lisieux. - Hospital at Angers.-Hall at Ŏakham.-Christ Church, Oxford.- Byland Abbey.-Temple Church, London.-Galilee at Durham.-Clee Church, Lincolnshire.-Paris: Notre 90 101 Canterbury, Corona.-Lincoln, Choir of St. Hugh of Gre- noble.-Winchester, Presbytery; Bishop Lucy.-Glas- gow, Bishop Joceline.-Ely, Galilee; Bishop Eustace.- Wells, Bishop Joceline.-Salisbury.-Oxford, Chapter- house.-Worcester, Choir.-Westminster, Choir and Transepts.-York, Transepts.-Wells, Lady-chapel.— Salisbury, Chapter-house. Lincoln, Presbytery.-De- tails and Features characteristic of this Style.-Pro- Gradual change of Style.-Merton College Chapel.-York, Chapter-house.-Exeter, Choir.-Wells, Chapter-house. -Southwell, Chapter-house.-The Eleanor Crosses.- York, Nave.-Stoke Golding.-Selby Abbey.-St. Mary's, Beverley. Leominster. - Gloucester. Dorchester, Oxon.-Details characteristic of the Style. The gradual change from the Decorated to the Perpen- dicular Style, from c. 1360 to 1399.-Gloucester Cathe- dral. Westminster, Works of Abbot Litlington. Edington Church.-Winchester.-New College; Wyke- ham.-St. Mary's, Warwick, Choir.-Gloucester.-Chip- THE PERPENDICULAR STYLE. — RICHARD II. TO Panelling and Perpendicular or Vertical Lines, the chief THE RENAISSANCE, AND JACOBEAN GOTHIC THE FRENCH STYLES, 219; THE TRANSITION IN FRANCE, 227; THE EARLY FRENCH STYLE, 234; THE DECORATED FRENCH STYLE, 258; THE FLAMBOYANT STYLE, 260; ITALY, AND ROME, 266; RAVENNA, 282; FLORENCE, 283; PISA, 289; LUCCA, 291; VENICE, 294; MILAN, 295; VER- CELLI, 298; BOLOGNA, 299; ST. STEPHEN, OR THE SEVEN LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 8 13 14 15 NO. FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD TO THE END OF THE 1. Roman Gate at Lincoln 2. Roman Masonry, Porchester Castle, Hampshire 4. Plan of Roman and Saxon Cathedral of Canterbury. 7. View and Plan of Bradford-on-Avon Church, Wilts. THE ELEVENTH CENTURY. 8. Tower-arch, supposed Saxon, Barnack, Northants. 9. Tower, Deerhurst Church, Gloucestershire 10. 11. Earl's Barton Church, Northamptonshire St. Mary, Bishop's-Hill Junior, York 14. 15. 16. 17. Corhampton Church, Hampshire THE EARLY NORMAN PERIOD. 27 28 18. Vaulting, Chapel of the Pix, Westminster Abbey 22. Monk's Wearmouth, Durham. 23. Capital, Jarrow, Durham 24. Respond, Gundulph's Crypt, Rochester 25. Keep, Newcastle-on-Tyne 26. Arch and Window, Chapel in the White Tower, London NO. 27, 28, 29. Transept, Winchester Cathedral 30. Arcade, Canterbury Cathedral 31. Capital, Crypt, Canterbury Cathedral 32. Arcade, Canterbury and Rochester THE LATER NORMAN STYLE. 33. West Doorway, Iffley Church, Oxon. . 36. 37. 38. 39. Iffley, Oxfordshire Castle Rising, Norfolk Sutton Courtney, Berkshire St. Maurice's, York. 40. Pier, St. Alban's Abbey, Hertfordshire 41. St. Peter's, Northampton 43. 42. Arch, Lindisfarne Priory, Durham Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire 44. 45. Capital, Winchester Cathedral 50. St. Cross, Winchester 51. Tabernacle, Leigh, Worcestershire 52. Mouldings, St. Alban's Abbey, Hertfordshire 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. Westminster Hall Chevron, Andover, Hampshire Billet, Malmesbury Abbey, Wiltshire 59. Sculpture, Shobdon Church, Herefordshire |