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cratic order which prefers retirement to display. If, therefore, the Whig Ministry be not prepared to keep pace in some measure with the accelerated movement of the times, they will hear the complaint of last session reiterated with stronger emphasis, and probably with more decisive results against the next.

farmers might plead that it would be all clear loss to go back again. But they are not; they suffer under all the difference that arises from the general state of the country being incomparably worse than formerly. Their children cannot all be farmers; and the Corn Laws have brought on a state of things where they can be nothing else. So sure There is another point connected closely with the as there is a Providence above, is it written that one to which we have just alluded, in which we there shall be always ways in which those who also expect to trace the efficacious working of re- wrong and defraud their neighbours shall in the form. This point is the curtailment of Parliamen-end find out that they have made a rueful bargain. tary speeches. No one not accustomed to Parlia- Let the men who are thus robbing both agricultu ment can form an idea of the extent to which the rists and manufacturers together, teach their folprolixity of our public speakers has interfered with lowers to cry, that the agricultural interest is to be the effective business of the session. The very sacrificed to the manufacturing. The thief with thought of such a thing as a four hours' speech is his hand in another's pocket calls out that he is goenough to make a man yawn at noonday. Then ing to be wronged, and is within an inch of beng what must the infliction of it be after midnight? obliged to take it out.- Westminster Review, Really and seriously speaking, this is a great grievance. But we have reliance enough on the practical good sense that is likely to characterize the people's House of Commons, to expect that they will at once and for ever put down such ostentatious attempts.

Upon the whole, we would advise the Whig Ministry to prepare themselves for a more active campaign than they have yet experienced. They will do well to spend that time in the concoction of measures that used to be devoted to the preparation of speeches and the fabrication of excuses for delay.Morning Herald.

THE CORN LAWS.

SCOTTISH PEASANTRY.

In almost all countries in Europe, in which land is much divided, and consequently where there is not a powerful Aristocracy, there are beantiful cottages and gardens. Wherever there is a feudal Aristocracy (and Scotland has hardly well escaped the gripe of the worst feudal Aristocracy that ever a country was cursed with,) the labouring people are meanly lodged, and have little taste for gardening. Nations do not easily relinquish their old habits, even when circumstances change. Any one may tell, from the appearance of Scotland, that it has never been (like Świtzerland, for instance) a country of small landowners. But what does Mr. It may be conceded, that the great Aristocrats, Cobbett say? He saw "the people looking very who are born to the right of making us keep their hearty, and by no means badly dressed, especially children, legitimate or illegitimate, may profit by the boys and girls, whose good looks I have admired the Corn Laws in those cases where the poor-rates ever since I entered Scotland ; and about whom the do not increase faster than the value of the pro- parents seem to care much more than they do about duce; because they have only to get more value their houses or themselves. They do not put boys for the rents of a given estate, and inasmuch as to work hard when they are young, as they do in their children must at all hazards be found in cer- England, and, therefore, they are straighter and tain incomes by the public, the greater value is nimbler on foot." Now, Mr. Cobbett may be asworth more to them in the end. But though a com-sured, that where people look well and hearty, are mon landlord may get a greater pecuniary value well dressed, and do not put boys to work hard from his estate, this will not save his soul alive, if when they are young, that they cannot be very the difficulty of providing for and establishing his miserable. The truth is, that the Scotch hind and children is increased in a greater degree at the same his family have abundance of the food they like and time. The whole country is in what Adam Smith are accustomed to. Oatmeal porridge and milk is called the "stationary state," in consequence of the a hearty and agreeable food, and the finest race of prohibition of manufactures and commerce; and if men in Britain, the borderers of England and Scotthus, the effects fall upon all the landlords who are land, are reared chiefly on this food. There the not of the porcelian clay, which must be maintained houses are warm, and they have abundance of fuel, by other people even where their rents are not ab- at hardly any cost, carried by the farmer to them. solutely diminished by that increase of the poor- Abundance of food and fuel are no small elements rates, which heaven has tacked to the landlords' in the way of comfort in a northern country. If Mr. tails as nature's check on their cupidity. To that Cobbett were to enter a Scotch labourer's house in numerous class the farmers, and that still more nu- the depth of winter, he would see a blazing fire merous one their labourers, there is in like manner and a happy family around it, and we are sure that no difficulty in conceding, that the effect of the in many parts of Hampshire and Surrey, the inCorn Laws was to make merry times for farmers. terior of the cottages, in winter, is desolation itself. But are times merry now? Is it not plain that What on earth could lead Mr. Cobbett to believe bygones are bygones," and all that is left them that "a cow is a thing more in name than in realiis a fearful waiting for the natural punishment on ty." A cow is everything to the Scotch labourer. cruelty and wrong? The Corn Laws got up a spi- It is supplied with food in abundance, winter and rit of prosperity for farmers at their neighbours' ex- summer, and yields abundance of milk.-Nothing! pense, in the same manner as a spirit of prosperity There is not a married labourer through all the dis for linen-drapers might be got up by an Act of Par-trict he crossed, without a cow, and it is the cow liament that should prohibit the wearing of woollen that enables him to rear these healthy children that coats. But that was seventeen years ago. The Mr. Cobbett admired. As to the slavery, that is only consequence now left is, that there are per-sheer nonsense. There is no class of men more inhaps five farmers where there would have been dependent than the Scotch hinds. So much is this four. If the five were as well off as the four, the the case that they seldom remain more than a year

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The enemies of the Ballot tell us it would do no good, because it would not enable the electors to conceal their votes. Then, if this be true, why do they object to it? It will do no harm. If every thing is to be as notorious as at present, it will not be sneaking and unmanly and un-English. A man's whole life will not be then a perpetual lie, as they say would be the case if the Ballot were adopted. Why not let us try the experiment were it onwith less hazard. No harm could arise from it according ly for a single election? Few experiments can be made to our antagonists, even if all they have said about it were true; but if we are correct, its value is inferior in importance only to the Reform acts themselves.-Edin

or two on one farm. Their disposition to change
residence is, perhaps, one main reason why they are
without a taste for comfortable cottages.-Every
thing considered, we have no doubt that the Scotch
farm-labourer is a much happier man than a labourer
in a farm in the south of England. He can bring up
a large family without being indebted to a human
being for food or clothing. He always educates his
children at his own cost. His food is inferior in
quality, no doubt, but he has more of it. He works
heartily on it, and does not consider himself entitled
to compassion. He is highly moral; for, in the
three counties of Berwick, Haddington, and Rox-burgh Weekly Chronicle.
burgh, crime is hardly known. The prisons may be
said to be untenanted.—Morning Chronicle.

FREEDOM OF THE PRESS.

At the "Lumber Troop Dinner," the other day, a Mr. Nicholson, in reference to the many prosecutions which have been commenced, during the reign of the present Ministry, against cheap publications, stated that a society, for the support and protection of a Free Press, was on the point of being formed, and expressed an earnest hope that the country would co-operate in so great and vital a measure. It is scarcely necessary to say, that in Mr. Nicholson's wish we heartly concur.

THE BALLOT.

KIND-HEARTED MEN.-It generally turns out that the perpetrators of the coolest and most deliberate outrages upon humanity, are in their own proper persons exceedingly kind-hearted men. How very kind-hearted Cook is represented to have been (until he committed "a cool and well-disciplined" murder upon Mr. Paas) by the ladies who administered the consolations of religion and Portugal grapes to him in prison, and who have just published a little volume upon the character and history of their hero, to which we shall have occasion to advert in a day or two. And what unprecedented kindness of heart was exhibited by Charles the Tenth during his residence at Holyrood; and how little of that estimable quality would the world have discovered, had the possessor of it continued to reside at the Tuilleries. Persons change with places. Cook was a demon in his workshop, and a saint in the condemned cell. Charles was a demon on a grander scale in Paris, and a saint and philanthropist too at Edinburgh. In the same way, Captain Burke was a kind-hearted and well-disciplined man, when he discovered the peculation in the police-department, some years ago; but as a poster of tithearrears, and a shooter of Irishmen "by a stop watch," he stands in our eyes in the light of But we shall wait awhile, and hear what the Coroner's Inquest says upon that point.-True Sun.

We have inserted a communication from a correspondent at Haddington, complaining of the conduct of the tenantry of that county in voting for Mr. BALFOUR, after strenuously petitioning Parliament for the extension of the elective franchise, when the Reform Bills were under discussion in Parliament. Happening to know something of these petitions, we believe we may say that many of the petitioners expected what has happened, and that they never would have asked for the elective franchise had they not been convinced that they would shortly afterwards obtain the protection of the Ballot an expectation which we cannot PERSONAL CANVASSES.-The following admirable observadoubt will soon be realized. We have before us the names tions on this subject, and on the reciprocal duties of electors of several tenants who are understood to be pledged to and representatives, are made in a letter from Mr. Macaulay to Mr BALFOUR, although they petitioned for reform, but it the electors of Leeds :-" I have not, as you are aware, asked would be ungenerous to publish these names, for we know for a single vote. I conceived that, by the Reform Bill, a high that they are as staunch reformers as ever, and that they solely, still less for mine, but for the benefit of this great emand solemn trust had been reposed in you, not for your benefit have been forced to pledge themselves against their incli-pire. I conceived that it would be insulting to suppose that canations by circumstances over which they have no con- resses and supplications would induce you to betray the trust. strol. In the opinion of the enemies of the Ballot, this To vote for the fittest candidate is the plain duty of an elector. must be considered a proper state of things. To deceive To intreat a man to perform a plain duty is no high compliment, the landlord in his inquiries into a matter with which he To intreat a man to violate a plain duty is the grossest of outhas no concern is a gross piece of immorality, but to com- rages. I have heard many among you speak with just indignapel the tenant to act against the dictates of his conscience, tion of those Members of Parliament who, to oblige a friend. and to commit what is little short of a crime, is perfectly run down to a committee, and vote for or against a bill without moral and correct! The Ballot is perfectly essential for hearing the evidence or understanding the case. We can all the protection of the tenantry. They can hardly in any of private civilities the powers which have been intrusted to see distinctly that a legislator who barters away in a commerce circumstances be intrusted with the elective franchise with him for the general good, is unworthy the esteem and confiout it. Although a tenant may be independent of his dence of his countrymen. But surely, if this easiness of temlandlord at present, is he sure that he will be equally inde- per,-this inability to resist solicitation,-this disposition to #pendent of him during the whole currency of a 19 years' gratify individuals at the expense of the community, be scanlease? Will he have no favours to ask during all that dalous in the legislator, it is no less scandalous in the elector. period? Will his landlord have no opportunity of annoy- If constituents give their votes in exchange for the personal ating him? May the tenant not be even desirous of a retention of a candidate, with what face can they afterwards newal of his lease at its expiry? All these considerations blame the man of their choice for giving his vote concerning a will operate on him, and induce him, without any thing an interested party? What right have they to expect that their rail-road or a canal, in exchange for the personal attentions of like intimidation being used, or even an intimation of the member shall be more honest than themselves, that he shall be wishes of his landlord being made, to support that party to proof to that same coaxing and begging which they have themwhich the latter is known to be attached. To give one a selves been unable to resist? How can they complain, if he right without protecting him in the exercise of it is down-seils them for the same wretched consideration for which he right mockery. No one should be allowed to vote who is unable to support the candidate he believes to be the best qualified; and if the tenantry are not permitted to act according to their conscience, the welfare of the country demands that they should be deprived of the elective franchise; and, indeed, many of them have refused to qualify to escape the intolerable annoyance of the solicitation to which they are exposed.

bought them? It is in vain to expect that there will be a high standard of political morality in the representative body, when there is a low standard in the constituent body."

GERMAN GLUTTONS -It is thought that an extraordinary assembly of the Diet must be called immediately. What gour mands these Germans must be! they are eternally calling for Diet. Just the people for Sir George Warrender.

FUNERAL OF HARDY.

It is well to be patient and abide what may come. We have been struck and edified by the observations of our countryman, the editor of the Morning Chronicle, on the funeral of Thomas Hardy, one of the founders of the London Corresponding Society, who was tried in 1794, with Horne Tooke, Thelwall, Holcroft, and eight others. He died at his residence in Pimlico, on Thursday, the 18th inst., at the age of 81. Thomas Hardy was by trade a shoemaker, a man of simple habits, and of the most humane and benevolent disposition, beloved by all who knew him. His age was spent in comparative poverty; but not in suffering, for some kind friends attended to his wants. Mr. Hardy was a native of Scotland, and, we believe, went from Torwood, Stirlingshire, to London, very early in life. His funeral is thus

noticed in the article referred to above.

mark an anecdote! The proper returning officer at that timethe Deputy Sheriff or Secondary-was named Burchell He was about to tell them a story which was told by Burchell' own mouth to his brother-in-law, the late John Holt, of the Chancery Bar. Burchell told him, that not being found s76ciently pliant in the selection of the Jury, Old Conscience, & he was now called, took the Jury-book out of the hands of the proper officer, (Mark, mark this!") whose duty it w according to the constitution of the law, and carried it to t own chamber, and there, in dark and secret divan, picked such men as he thought might be depended on for hanging to prisoners, guilty or not guilty. (Shame, shame!) Fortunate ly his stupidity equalled his roguery. He certainly placed the panel many men on whom he might have depended, b they were dead-others had left that part of the country; he could not prevent many honest men from getting on, the com try, became alarmed, and the result was that three succesire Juries returned verdicts of acquittal."

"Truly, if John Scott, Earl of Eldon, can look back with satisfaction at his last hour on a proceeding like the above, he must have a singularly constituted conscience. But it wou be destroying all the incentives to virtuous conduct, and des troying the securities for moral order, were worldly prosperry to screen a man capable of seeking the life of a fellow-creates by means such as are here imputed to Lord Eldon, from the strongly-ma ked disapprobation of the people. The fact sad be carefully treasured up by the people, in every quaster of t country, that by marking at the proper time their due sense of such a transaction, a lesson may be read, as powerful in the way of dissuasion, as that of the funeral of Thomas Hurts was in the way of encouragement. Success in life ought t to render men callous to recitals like those of Mr. Thelwal, carrying with it, as it does in its circumstantial details, every appearance of truth and accuracy. There is in this wur but too great a disposition to worship wealth, and to forget the regard for it, the means by which it was acquired. It the duty of all those who have the power to seek occasions like that presented by the funeral of Thomas Hardy, to correct the national failing. The occasion is certainly a striking one: Thomas Hardy dies not only a poor man, but having been debted for his means of subsistence for several years to the subscriptions of a few friends, and yet his remains are depas ed in the grave in the presence of a countless multitude, wis show the strongest sense of his services to the great cause of his country. At that funeral the inscription is furnished for a moment to another man, who wil die as rich as Croesus, but whom his wealth will not screen frem the expression by the people of their strong disappro tion of his public conduct. As there are few mea iudices, whatever they may pretend, to the opinion of the commst, a lesson like this will not be thrown away on other rich John Earl of Eldon has been consistent throughout his ba life. He sought not the good of the people, but his own; m for his own he was ready to embrace means respecting which there cannot well be two opinions with people who tak they ought to think. He has fought to the last against be cause of the people-against every improvement in our site tions. He has already had the mortification of witnessing the triumph of a man (Earl Grey) who, we believe, was one of the number who would have felt the condemnation of Hardy an Tooke. He will yet live to witness other mortifications; the funeral of Hardy will supply a contrast which will not s escape from the memory of the people.'

"The remains of the late Thomas Hardy were yesterday consigned to the earth, and an address was delivered on the occasion by Mr. Thelwall, now the only survivor of the twelve indicted for High Treason, in 1794. It is due to the generations to come, to mark the departure from this life of men, who, like Thomas Hardy, have devoted themselves, at the hazard of their lives, to the most exalted of objects-the emancipating of their country from a degenerating political thraldom -by grateful honours to their memory, that the motives to generous and patriotic exertion may be strengthened, and that virtue in the trials to which it is so often exposed in this world, may still be borne up by the cheering hope, that it will live in the grateful recollection of mankind. A long period has now elapsed since the conspiracy against the liberties of Englishmen was defeated in the acquittal of Thomas Hardy, and the number of those who were of an age to take an interest in the proceedings of 1794, must now be small. The acquittal of Hardy has, indeed, been celebrated every year down to the present time; but to the existing generation Thomas Hardy may be said to have been nearly a stranger. By those to whom he was personally known, he was indeed held in the highest regard as a thoroughly honest, single-minded, and kind-hearted individual, who bore malice to no human being, and wished well to all mankind, whom no earthly consideration could seduce into any act of which his conscience disapproved ;-but of the many thousands who yesterday assembled to pay the last respects to his memory, there were but few to whom he could have been personally known, and the unequivocal demonstration of popular feeling testified the sense which the present race of Englishmen entertain of the foul conspiracy against the liberties of the country, which was defeated by the acquittal of Thomas Hardy, and of the cause for which he devoted himself at the hazard of his life. Within the precincts of St. Luke's there was not a shop open, and the deepest sympathy was everywhere manifested. Another actor in the transactions of that day still survives-John, Earl of Eldon. Thomas Hardy died in his 81st year, and John Scott, Earl of Eldon, is now in his 82d year; so that in the course of nature the grave must soon also close over his remains. But, gracious God! what a difference between this man, covered with honours, as they are called, and saturated with wealth, and the singleminded and disinterested man whose blood he endeavoured to shed! John Scott, Earl of Eldon, must soon appear before a Tribunal, in which all the arts and skill which raised him to wealth and honours here will avail him little. But it is not for mortals to anticipate the decision of that Tribunal. He boasts of his conscience, and he knows best what burthens he has laid on it. There are men whose consciences can support any "The unceasing and merciless system of defamation whe burthen, however heavy. John Scott, Earl of Eldon, notwith- continued to be pursued against her husband had such an e standing all the circumstances stated yesterday by Mr. Thel-dent effect upon the mind of Mrs. Hardy, that her beati, be wall, may yield up his latest breath unperturbed. So far from considering the departure of his intended victim as a mene tekel, the hand-writing on the wall, he may view his survival as a sort of triumph. Be this as it may, it is for the people to mark the different sense they entertain of a man like Hardy, who devoted himself to a cause to which he narrowly escaped being a victim, and at the expense of great sacrifices of domestic happiness and prosperity, and of a man like John Earl of Eldon. Mr. Thelwall stated a fact which is of great importance in estimating the character of Lord Eldon :

"He could not,' he said, suppress the observation that any man who found it necessary 24 times in 24 hours to talk of his conscience, seldom turned out to have any conscience at all. It must be worn to rags by so much mouthing. (Hear, hear.) And when the word was thus mouthed, they would find it interpreted to mean nothing but interest or ambition. Now

FROM A FORTHCOMING LIFE OF HARDY.

gan rapidly to decline; yet she strove to appear as cheerful
possible, and continued her visits to the Tower, as often a
was permitted until the very day of her death. On the
of August, 1794, she was taken in labour, and delivered a
dead child. She declared soon afterwards, that she found r
own death fast approaching, and that she believed it to
entirely owing to what she had suffered in her person, 25-
her mind, on account of the confinement of her husband.” Al
two o'clock of the same day she had parted with her busin
in as good spirits as was possible in her sitaation—took a
last farewell-it was her last-for they were doomed never-
see each other again in this vale of tears.

"The following is the beginning of a letter which Mrs. Ha was writing to her husband a few hours before she died, Au 27th., 1794, but a summons of eternal importance to bera soul obliged her to drop the pen without finishing it

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"My dear Hardy,-This comes with my tenderest affection for you. You are never out of my thoughts, sleeping or waking. Oh, to think what companions you have with you! None that you can converse with either on temporal or spiritual matters; but I hope the spirit of God is both with you and me, and I pray that he may give us grace to look up to Christ. There all the good is that we can either hope or wish for, if we have but faith and patience, although we are but poor sinful mortals. My, dear, you have it not

"To describe the state of the unfortunate prisoner's feeling, on receiving the mournful account of his loss, next morning, would be impossible. Let us think better of human nature than to suppose it necessary. The reader who can peruse the tragic story without a double emotion of indignation and pity is not to be envied his feelings." drop a tear"-with Thus far at present. Let us pause to " Lord Eldon, if he have leisure-over the graves of these victims of the anti-reformers.

It has been mentioned that there were ready prepared 600 warrants, awaiting the result of Hardy's trial. The "Memoir" thus mentions that circumstance :-" It appears that the = Government felt so confident of a conviction, that they had #prepared 600 warrants, 300 of which were actually signed, in order to be executed that very night and the next morning, in case a verdict of guilty was returned. Who the persons thus marked for destruction were, Hardy did not learn, but he is compelled to believe the authority upon which he states the damning fact."

COBBETT'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND.

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to the bishops, telling them they had received calls from the They entered duly into Holy Ghost to take the cure of souls. holy orders: but they still had a hankering after their pay; and while they received the oblations of the faithful with one hand, they took the naval or military half-pay with the other. At length it pleased Providence to inspire Government with an idea that they should receive the half-pay no longer. He (Mr. Cobbett) had cried out against the evil for years; and at length an order was issued that officers claiming half-pay should accompany the claim with a certificate that they were not in holy orders. But what did the Government do along with this? Why, they gave all these officers eighteen months of grace; and before the end of that time there was not a parson officer among them who had not sold his half-pay. He then adverted to the pension list of ambassadors. The Americans sent ten ambassadors to Europe at an expense of only L. 17,000 a-year; while our ambassador at Vienna costs us L.14,000 a-year alone. If asked to do away these pensions, Ministers say, "Oh, no! we can't meddle with them; they are vested rights." He then adverted to the "monstrous growth of the standing army.' There was nothing to be seen in this country, travel where one would, but barracks, and officers trimmed with gold lace, while "Oh," Lord Althorp the people who paid them were clothed in rags. This was not the case in America. Why should soldiers be wanted here, when they were not wanted there? would say, "consider the difference in the state of society there and here. For instance Oldham, which you represent. You would not wish the people there to go to loggerheads with one another? You would wish the farmers' wives to go with safety to market to sell their eggs and butter?" "Certainly," I would MR. COBBETT has scarcely yet left Scotland, where he has say, "and why not. They do so in New York; and tell me been received surely to his heart's content, and much more flat- what is the difference in society there and here-what does it teringly than he could have anticipated. The injudicious attempt consist of ?" "Oh," says his Lordship, "you know that, CobHe was well enough you could not collect the taxes without soldiers." made by some of the Edinburgh papers, to excite the bitterness bett, as well as I; you only pretend ignorance. You know of national feeling against Cobbett, signally failed. He then adverted to the frankly welcomed in every place he visited, and listened to with Well, I grant the necessity for soldiers so long as the taxes remain great patience, and, we doubt not, on some topics, with consider- so great, but I would say to Lord Althorp, that this is the best able edification. Had the voters not been very generally pledged, reason for getting rid of the taxes. Cobbett's eloquence might have lost some of our Whig candi- Game Laws, and the Trespass Law; and said such laws were He is a gentlemanly looking, tall, made to affect the poor, not the rich; for let a rich man gallop dates a good few votes. was no resource against him but by an action at law. Talk, white-haired, hale old man, and a most effective speaker. We with horses and dogs over grounds and break down fences, there do not, however, mean to expatiate on his appearance; but to give the substance of the lectures be delivered in Edinburgh and then, of their equal laws of their impartial operation, the boast Glasgow:-they were in fact nearly the same thing. His first of England and the admiration of surrounding nations-Oh, the and most brilliant lecture in the Adelphi Theatre, was not con- English laws for ever! Mr. Cobbett said a reformed Parliafined to any one topic. After briefly stating the intended plan ment must revise these and similar laws; and the electors of his course, he proceeded to say, That if the people of this would not do their duty if they sent men to Parliament who country did not reap great benefit from the Reform Bill, it would would not pledge themselves to do so. There was another thing, be their own fault; and that they would, in consequence, be- which was the great boast of the country-Trial by Jury! It was the standing toast of the Whigs for many a year-" Lord come as much the objects of contempt as they had been of admiration, for the manner in which they had fought for the Bill. Erskine and Trial by Jury." In 19 cases out of every 20, he They were, therefore, bound to do something more than they contended that there was no Jury at all; or at least only a spehad done, and that was to send no members to Parliament who cial Jury, which was equal to none at all. The Judges in such would not pledge themselves to follow up reform in every depart- cases were the Jury. These were the laws the people were ment of the nation's affairs. The reformed Parliament would struggling to amend. They had no wish to destroy the Constimeet next winter, and he would probably be one of that Parlia-tution, but to restore it. After speaking at some length on the ment. He did not state this in the way of braggadocio, or in law of libel, as illustrative of what was called the Liberty of the the practice of that egotism for which he was so famous, but Press, Mr. C. proceeded to comment on the Stamp Duties, and on the unequal operation of the Legacy and Auction Duties. in order that he might give his pledge to begin with. It was a maxim of their forefathers, that the redress of grievances should As to the duty on probates of wills, these referred alone to perprecede the voting of supplies. They had many grievances to sonal property; and Lords left little personal property. When be redressed, and they ought, therefore, to give no man their a merchant, trader, or farmer died, his property was generally votes who would not pledge himself to the removal of these. personal or moveable, which paid large sums of Legacy Duties The nation was pressed down by taxes, which were profligately to Government; but when a nobleman or great landed prowasted in the payment of unmerited sinecures and pensions, and prietor died, he generally left his wealth in land or heritage, on a half-pay list. Even death, which came to the relief of the which, though it yielded a hundred thousand pounds a-year, paid So in the case of most wretched creatures in the world, brought no relief here. no duty whatever. And thus he inferred that the law-makers to operate against all classes but their own. The half-pay list was increased year after year. To give in being generally in the class of landholders, had framed the law charity was meritorious; but to obtain the praise of a Christian virtue it should be given out of their own pockets. The Scrip- Auction Duties, when a hard-working manufacturer or merture said, he who did not provide for his own house, was worse chant brought his goods to sale, a large Auction Duty was exithan an infidel. This was the charity St. Paul inculcated. gible; but when the land-owner sold his timber and under-Was this attended to in the case of the sister of the Marquis wood annually, to the amount of thousands, these were liable to of Anglesea; who first got a pension for herself while a maid, not one farthing of duty. He concluded by again enforcing on and on her marrying, got another? She then got herself un- electors the necessity of their voting for no Member of Parliamarried, and married again; but she had still two pensions. ment who would not pledge himself to the redress of all these Whether it was for any public service, he (Mr. C. did not grievances. know, or to which husband she had administered most comfort; but this he knew, that this was a scandalous abuse of the pub He remembered at one time that great numbers of officers, both of the army and navy, were all at once seized with a desire to become Ministers of God's word. The Roman Catholics might say what they liked about miracles; but he said there never was a miracle like that. About 2000 of them came

lic money.

This is but a faint sketch of the first lecture. Of the second, upon Tithes, we give one sentence. After commenting on the conduct of the clergy of the Church of England, their dissolute lives, neglect of their clerical duties, and their engaging in secular pursuits, in order to show that it was not only legal, but just, to deprive them of their revenues, he proposed to give the curates, or others who discharged the duties, the clergy

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ended 1st October, 60,605 quarters charged with duty for home consumption 128,208 quarters; remaining in warehouse 914,182 quarters. Total quantity of meal and flour imported during the same period, 21,640 cwt; charged with duty for home consumption 49,153 cwt., remaining in warehouse 605,177 cwt. TRADE. The cotton and woollen trade is improving, and were it not for the instances of dissatisfaction which prevail betwees the manufacturers and the workmen about Leeds and Haddersfield, we might safely state that all hands are fully employed, and that there is at present no just cause of complaint. The stuff trade at Bradford is very brisk, and the finer descriptions of goods are in much request. The goods were chiefly bought for the markets of Russia and Germany. The sales in wool, both British and foreign, have been very extensive for the last four weeks, during which period the transactions have been equal to those of the three or four months previous. At this season the home demand for stuffs, flannels, &c. &c. is always brisk. There are loud complaints of the Sheffield trade.

man's house, garden, glebe and church, and to allow him to de-grain imported into the United Kingdom during the month pend on his parishioners for further means of living. To the clergy who would be turned out of their livings he proposed to allow a small annuity during their lives, in the same manner as had been practised with the Roman Catholic clergy at the Reformation, who had been allowed 40s. a-year during life. He would give the present clergy six times more than such of them as were magistrates were accustomed to give to a labouring man who applied for parish relief. The Tithes, as far as we understood, he proposed simply to abolish, and not to confiscate for the use of the State. He said, that property in land was so much divided in the south of England that no great boon would be given to any proprietor by proceeding in this course. In his native parish, which contains about 1100 acres, there were 40 freeholders, and as many copyholds, all belonging to different proprietors. He then adverted to the opinion that the country was over-peopled. This was a mistake. He proceeded, by some statistical details, to shew how much more densely peopled the south of England was in comparison to the north. He said, that since he had come to Scotland he had seen the source of all the theories relative to over-population. Scotland was divided among a few great proprietors.

A vessel has arrived from Swan River with a small conngament of wool, the first produce of the kind in that new colony, and it is satisfactory to find that the quality is such as to afford On Thursday evening the subject of lecture was the Na- a fair prospect that the application of capital to the rearing of tional Debt, which Mr. Cobbett does not consider the nation sheep there will meet with a suitable return. The colony is at all bound to pay, as it was contracted by the Borough-stated to abound, in the districts newly explored, with excellent monger Parliaments, who did not represent, and so were not pasturage for sheep. entitled to bind the people.

On Friday night, Mr. Cobbett gave his concluding lecture. The subject was the paper currency; but we have not space to give more of it than his remarks on the paper circulation of Scotland. He read a passage from a pamphlet by Sir John Sinclair, in which it was stated that the paper currency of Scotland had protected her from the evils under which England was labouring. He (Mr. C.) congratulated the audience on the prosperous state of the country; that there had been no fall of prices since 1825, no bankruptcies, no distress, no houses to let, no grass growing in the streets. But notwithstanding all this, the day of trouble might come, and the paper currency could not be considered valuable unless it was free from danger. A man who digs in the bottom of a well in some instances receives one guinea an hour for his labour, but the danger he runs is imminent, and 19 out of 20 men would consider themselves better paid with 3s. a-day for working on the surface of the ground. Had the Duke of Wellington continued to kiss the King's hand for another week, there is not a bank in Scotland that would not have stopped payment. The Bank of England could not have paid in gold for another week; and if it had stopped, none of the Scotch banks could have gone on.

Mr. Cobbett, on Saturday evening, gave a gratuitous lecture to the working classes, and received an address signed by a number of them. He has since lectured at Dunfermline and Falkirk by invitation from the people, and at Glasgow, Greenock and Paisley, and has every where been warmly welcomed. In his Register Cobbett has expressed his satisfaction with the manner in which the Scotch have received him, and his admiration of the country and the people.

MARKETS AND FAIRS. FALKIRK TRYST, October 8.-There were about 90,000 sheep in the field. Cheviot wedders 18 to 20s, current prices 22s to 22s 6d. Cheviot ewes from 10s to 10s 6d; one lot brought 16s; current prices 12s to 13s 6d. Black-faced wethers brought from 12s to 228; current price 16s to 18s; black-faced ewes, from 78 to 9s 6d. The sheep were nearly all sold. There were 60,000 cattle, about 10,000 less than last year. Prices varied according to quality; and, although nearly all sold, the rates were considered from 5 to 7 per cent cheaper than last year.

At Penny Muir Tryst there was a good shew of cheviot sheep, though the supply fell short of last year; there was a demand, and mostly all sold.

GENERAL SHOW OF LIVE STOCK AT KELSO. Under the Patronage of the Highland Society of Scotland.This great meeting, which has been looked forward to with extreme interest by breeders and feeders in all parts of the country, took place at Kelso, on Thursday, 4th October. As an agricultural meeting, this was a grand shew, though it had no influence on

the state of the market.

Corn is falling in price, though not to the extent expected from the superabundant crops. It is said that a trick is practised of keeping the report of prices above the real selling price in some places, for a very obvious purpose.

MONTHLY KETURN OF CORN.-Total quantity of corn aud

HERRING FISHERY.-BANFF, Oct. 25.-The season for egaging the boats for next year's herring fishing has commenced much earlier than usual in this quarter, and is now general along the coast of the Moray Firth. From the favourable tuma of the market towards the end of the last fishing, a great many new curers in the west country have been induced to start, and the demand for boats is consequently greater.

The Whalers have all returned. The accounts of the fishery are not very consistent. On the whole, we are disposed to be lieve it good. The Peterhead and Dundee whalers have been more successful than in any year since 1823.

THE HERRING FISHING is now ended. The average number of barrels cured at Peterhead is 30,000, and more than last year. The fishers received 10s. per cran, with an allowance of whisky. The herrings are selling at 22s, per barrel. The fishing haa turned out much better than was at one time expected, cussidering the early appearance of cholera, and the alarm among the fishermen.

EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW PROVISION
MARKETS.

EDINBURGH, Oct. 30.-Beef, 3d to 6d; mutton, Sd to 6d; veal, 6d to 10d per lb.; lamb, Is to 2s 6d per quarter; tallow, 36s to 38s per cwt.; hides, 5s to 5s 6d per stone; calf skins, 6d to 7d per lb.; sheep skins, 1s 6d to 2s; lamb skins, Is od to 28 6d; quartern loaf, 8d; potatoes, Sd to 4d per perk; fresh butter, 10d to ls; salt do. 9d to 10d per lb.; new da 78s to 848; Dunlop cheese, 44s to 50s. per cwt.; eggs, 10d per dozen.

GLASGOW, Oct. 29.-Best roasting beef brings from 5d to 7d per lb; middling quality for boiling, 4d; best 5d a lb. Best fore-quarters mutton 5d; hind do. 6d; best jiggots, 64. a lb. Lamb from 1s 6d to 2s. per quarter. Pope's-eye steak Sdte 9d. Rump hams 7d to 8d; shoulder ditto 6d to 7d a-lb m perial weight. Bacon ham 7d a-lb. Fed veal 6d a-lb. The quartern loaf is sold by the Corporation at 9d; by the Friendly Bread Association to their members at 74d; by the Calton and Bridgeton Bread Society at 74d. Common peasemeal sells at 13d per peck; double shilled do. 14d per peck. Common barley sells at 14d and 2d; second quality, 24d; and best pearl Sd a lb. White pease at 2d a lb. Small blue are 16s, and imperial 20s to 23s a cwt. New oatmeal, 9d; best old 8d the peck of 7 imperial lbs. Fotatoes 4d per 17 imperial Ibs.

BAZAAR, Oct. 24,-A good deal of business was done to day in the market. Cheese did not sustain any alteration in price. There was about 1000 stone in market. There was 70 stone of fresh butter, which went off at 11d to is a-lb.; and about 60 stone of salt butter, for which 17s to 17s 6d was obtained.

APPOINTMENTS.

SHERIFF OF SELKIRK.-Mr. Thomas Hamilton Miller has been appointed Sheriff Depute of Selkirkshire.

On Thursday the 11th the Presbytery of Edinburgh met in the Tron Church, when, after a sermon by the Rev. Mr. Purdie of Libberton, the Rev. Mr. Hunter of Swinton was inducted one of the ministers of the Tron Church.

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