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COLUMN FOR THE YOUNG.

He serves the Muses erringly and ill,

COLUMN FOR THE LADIES.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF OLD MAIDISM.-If any share of independence be the lot of woman, it falls to the wealthy old maid. The policy of man has made old maidism the bogbear artillery of ridicule, the squibs and crackers of which are vastof the sex. They have judiciously levelled against it the whole

hurts a woman's fine vanities-it falls upon her flounces and furbelows; the latter only cuts her vices; and though the wound it makes be sore, it is probably unseen; and she heals it, and says nothing about it.

Whose aim is pleasure light and fugitive.-WORDSWORTH, A SMALL division of the SCHOOL MASTER is appropriated every week to verse, intended chiefly for the young. It is therefore desirable that this department be conductedly more fearful than the two-edged sword of satire; the first on some understood principle and regular plan. One short piece, or extract, which shall merit to be preserved, and which, by very young readers, may occasionally be committed to memory, as a household lesson, will be given each week, reserving the remaining space allotted to verse, for poetry recommended by novelty, or any temporary interest. This, with occasional illustrative quotations and extracts from new works, is all the verse to which we can afford space.

MOTIVES TO FORBEARANCE AND CHARITY.

Inscription for a Column at Newbury.
Art thou a Patriot, Traveller? On this field
Did FALKLAND fall, the blameless and the brave,
Beneath a tyrant's banners. Dost thou boast
Of loyal ardour-HAMPDEN perished here-
The Rebel HAMPDEN, at whose glorious name
The heart of every honest Englishman

Beats high with conscious pride. Both uncorrupt,
Friends to their common country both, they fought,
They died in adverse armies. Traveller!
If with thy neighbour thou should'st not accord
In charity, remember these good men,

And quell all angry and injurious thoughts.

Southey.

WOMAN, THE SOURCE OF EVIL.!-It is an article of faith with the orthodox in the east, that no evil can take place of which a woman is not the first cause. "Who is she?" a rajah related to him, however severe, or however trival. His attend was always in the habit of asking, whenever a calamity was ants reported to him one morning, that a labourer had fallen from a scaffold when working at his palace and had broken his neck. "Who is she?" immediately demanded the rajah. "A man, no woman, great prince!" was the reply. "Who is she?" repeated with increased anger, was all the rajah deigned to utter. In vain did the servant assert the manhood of the labourer. "Bring me instant intelligence what woman cause this accident, or wo upon your heads!" exclaimed the prince! In an hour the active attendants returned, and prostrating themselves cried out, "O wise and powerful prince!" "Well, who is she?" interupted he. "As the ill-fated labourer was working on the scaffold he was attracted by the beauty of your Highness's damsels, and, gazing upon them, lost balance, and fell to the ground."-" You hear, now," said the Prince, “no acci dent can happen without a woman in some way being an instru

ment."

MADAME AND HER "BUSK."-Poor dear Madame de Star, I shall never forget seeing her one day, at table with a large party, when the busk (I believe you ladies call it) of her corset forced its way through the top of the corset, and would not descend though pushed by all the force of both hands of the wearer, who became crimson from the operation. After fruitless efforts, she turned in despair to the valet de chambre be hind her chair, and requested him to draw it out, which could The PATRIOT HAMPDEN died in July 1643, of wounds only be done by his passing his hand from behind over her received in a skirmish with the royalist troops, in Chalgrave shoulder, and across her chest, when with a desperate effort, he Field, near Oxford, while fighting nobly for the cause of unsheathed the busk. Had you seen the faces of some of the freedom and his country, in the army of the Parliament. almost convulsed; while Madame remained perfectly unconEnglish ladies of the party, you would have been, like me, Until the country rose in arms to repel the tyranny of Charles scious that she had committed any solecism on la decence AI., Hampden either lived as a private gentleman on his esglaise.-Lady Blessington gives this anecdote in the New Monthly, as related to her by Lord Byron. tate, or discharged his duties as an independent and patrioWOMEN. It is much the custom of writers who write about tic member of Parliament. Single-handed, he resisted the the talkers, to limit the programme of their dissertations, to payment of an impost named ship-money, illegally levied by "MEN AND THINGS." In these our times, this is manifestly an the king, without the sanction of the representatives of the impertinence, for the WOMEN are just now unquestionably the busiest moiety of the creation; and as to the BOOKS, we would people; and was from that time considered by them as their ask whether advertisements of new works abound not far more champion. His death struck his own party with momen- than paragraphs of new measures? It is a woman (Miss tary consternation, and delighted the royalists. Lord Falk- Boaden) who has translated the new piece so ably for the Haymarket and a woman (Miss Taylor) who renders it so effecland was rather entangled into the service of the King, than tive. It is a woman (Mrs. Waylett) who crams the Strand there of choice. He was a high and pure-minded man, a Theatre, night after night, as close as a pottle of strawberries, devoted lover of his country, and therefore, ever desirous of draws mobs of spectators to Sadler's Wells-the well-spring of and a woman (Mrs. Fitzwilliam) who, cholera notwithstanding, peace. He fell at the battle of Newbury, about two whose attractions had been so long dried up. It is a woman months after the death of Hampden. "From the com- (Mrs. Jameson) who has rendered Kit North for once mild and mencement of the war," says Hume the historian, "his mellifluous as the sweet south; it is a woman (Mrs. Trollope) who has incited the leathery Jonathan into a passion. It is a natural cheerfulness and vivacity became clouded." He bewoman (Mrs. Norton) who, in her periodical, commands a macame negligent of his dress, but on the morning of the bat-jority of the Lords; it is a woman (Fanny Kemble) who, havtle in which he fell, he showed some care in equipping him- ing ruled the waves of a stormy pit, for the sake of her family, is about to brave those of the Atlantic. It is a woman (Miss self; and gave, for a reason, that the enemy should not find Sharpe) whose exquisite picture of Brunetta raises a rival fig his body in any slovenly, indecent situation. "I am in Pall-mall, to Wilkie's in the Strand. It is a woman (Miss weary," he said, "of the times, and foresee much misery drive her out of her senses. Bagster) who has defied a whole college of mad doctors to The gossip of the young ladies in to my country; but I believe I shall be out of it ere night." the gallery of St. Stephen's, overpowers the polter of the elderHis presentiment was verified. He died at the age of thirty-ly gentlemen below; the fancy fairs of the charitable ladies four. These are the "good men" for whom Mr. Southey all. have rendered their stalls more productive than those of TatterOf all the constitutions of Europe, the one ruled at Alwrote the above inscription. They fell, victims alike to mack's, by a female Cabinet, has alone withstood the shock o the ambition of the King, and to his determination not only modern revolutions; and we are convinced, that had the Reto resist the just demands of the people, but arbitrarily to form Bill been dedicated to fairer hands, bishops would not have been burnt in effigy, nor Bristol in reality. Women encroach on their ancient liberties WOMEN against the world.-Court Journal.

USEFUL ARTS.

ARITHMETICAL RODS.-This is a very useful invention, by which the teaching of arithmetic both to the tutor and pupil is much facilitated. Every one knows that much ime is occupied by writing down the figures to be summed, multiplied, &c. ; but Mr. P. B. Templeton of Preston has invented a set of rods, by which all the labour of setting or preparing the question is avoided. These rods are four-sided, on three of which figures are stamped, and when a question in addition, for instance, is to be olved, it is only necessary to place under each other any tumber of rods, which may be thought necessary, and then the figures are summed up by the pupil. Questions in subtraction, division, &c. are managed in a similar manner. There is a key to the rods which contains the answers, so that a person may examine fifty pupils at a time. The rods may also be used as an amusement for children, the key enabling the parent, nurse, or governess to prove the accuracy of the answers. The invention has been approved of by some of the first literary and scettific men in the kingdom, and by several of our professors and clergymen from whom Mr. Templeton has letters. It has also been examined, and much commendel by most of the respectable teachers in this city, and has already been introduced into George Watson's Hospital, Heriot's Hospital, and some other schools. The invention has indeed only to be seen and understood to secure universal adoption. The rods, which are in sets of diferent sizes, cost only a few shillings, and will last many

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THE NEW FORM OF SUGAR.-Further trial has been made of the sugar, of which we gave an account in No. 3. It is a perfect, pure, transparent granular crystals, developing the true crystalline form of the sugar, and being entirely free from the least portion of uncrystallizable sugar, molasses, or colouring matter, consequently stands in no need of any subsequent process of decolourization or refining for all purposes of domestic omy and the table. In solution it is not apt to become scent, and it is a purer sweet, and of a more mellifluous tate, than even the best refined sugar. In the manufacture of am from the molasses, which are separated during the process of the operation, there is no danger of deterioration in the proaction of empyreuma, an almost unavoidable attendant when ardinary molasses are employed. The improved process is now successful operation on eight estates in Demerara. This ar, which is on our table every morning, will soon be on ery breakfast table in the country where sugar is used. ORNAMENTAL YARNS, COTTONS, &c.-The "Repertory of At details the nature of a patent granted to Mr. Pierrepont reaves of Lancaster, for making ornamental or fancy cotton rary and threads, applicable to the making, sewing, or emBrodering of cotton and other fabrics. The skilful combinaLon of the primary colours, so as to produce new shades or selfmours, has proved a puzzling point for the dyer; nay, it is ted impossible by a mixture of dyes to produce certain tints cotton. It is of some importance that this difficulty should over; silk embroidery and worsted tapestry have long foster-sisters to painting. This discovery is therefore not dy ingenious and useful, but it is capable of an easy expla, and may be made clear in a few words, with e trouble to the understanding. Mr Greaves procures a Furtay of cotton-wool, dyed as usual, in each of the primary and without the aid of any machinery, without the test additional expense, with no more than the common vastity of labour, he produces his novel and variegated store. the wool as a painter would do the earths, which are delcars, from the colours they bear. He takes, for inPae,& portion of blue wool of a deeper or a lighter shade, a portion of pink wool, and mingles these together until ems becomes purple, adding red or blue according to the ace be teeks. If he wish to produce a delicate green, he uses proportionate quantity of blue and yellow. ADVANTAGES OF RAILWAYS.-A railroad is the river of it is the nearest approach to creation that man has yet arand at. We have made loans to carry on war; we have turndar gold into iron often enough in the shape of muskets y not of trams? we have winged the bullet, messenger of ab, on credit-why not borrow a little for the speedy progation and the wide dispersion of the means of life? The at, unlike most debts, would prove a source of wealth.

It is estimated with tolerable correctness that the annual consumption of fat bullocks in the metropolis amounts to 150,000, and that the average distance each beast is brought to Smithfield market is 100 miles, and the loss of value from the fatigue of the journey is at least 40s. per head, that is, 300,000l. per annum.

The number of sheep brought is 1,500,000, the average loss on each from the same cause is 5s. per head, which amounts to 375,000l. thus here is entirely lost of animal food 675,000l. as much in quality as it is reduced in quantity. per annum by an imperfect mode of conveyance; and injured

London, which is now the dearest, would become the cheapest market in England; provisions would not cost more than one farthing per pound carriage to the markets. The greatest part of the cattle and sheep would be killed in the country, and sent in dead meat to the metropolis, superior in quality, and undiminished in quantity; and that which would remain from the offal, as good manure in the country, would no longer be brought to the great slaughter houses in London, spreading pestilence around so far as its noxious influence extended. These are important considerations; but it is not a mere affair of butcher's meat. It is whether the whole country shall beat with one uniform pulse, feel its whole strength, and rise to a state of equal and universally diffused prosperity. It is now hamstrung: its ligaments are loose and broken: it is out of joint :-one part is labouring under repletion-another of starvation: the fluids in one part are stagnant-at another raging and racing at the heat of fever.-New Monthly Magazine for September.

THE EXHUMATION OF BURNS.

THE original resting-place of the poet was an humble spot in the northern corner of St. Michael's Church-yard, Dumfries, in no way distinguished from the tombs which contained the "nameless ashes" of hundreds around him; and it was not till about 1814, eighteen years after his decease, that public attention became generally directed to the erection of a suitable monument to "Coila's Bard." An humble "head-stone," placed there by the poet's widow out of her own limited resources, had hitherto been the sole land-mark to point out the spot to the inquiring pilgrim. At the above-mentioned period, subscriptions were entered into, and a sum raised sufficient for the purpose of erecting a monument suited to his fame. An elegant design by Mr. Hunt of London was at last fixed upon, and in September 1815, the erection was so far advanced as to be ready for the reception of the remains of the Poet. The spot where he was originally interred being too confined for the erection of the monument, it had been found necessary to choose out a more advantageons site, to which the remains were of course removed. The following account of the exhumation is by Mr. Grierson, under whose superintendence it was performed

:

"Mrs. Burns, on being informed that the situation where the body was interred was not convenient, and did not contain sufficient space for the mausoleum, very kindly agreed that the committee might remove the remains, but expressed a wish that it should be done in as private a manner as possible. I therefore undertook the management, and, at an early hour in the morning, having procured the necessary workmen, the grave was opened, and the coffin was found entire,—a shell had been provided to receive the remains,-the coffin was removed into it with all possible care, but on being moved, and coming to the air, it fell in pieces, and exposed the remains; the skull in particular was in good preservation."

It may be added, that though the time chosen for the removal was before sunrise, and though the proceeding was kept a secret, yet ere it could be completed, a considerable number of spectators had gathered round the church-yard gate, all eager to snatch a glance even of the illustrious dead.

What an impression does it convey of the hold which the genius of Burns has taken of the minds of his countrymen. I use this word in its most extended sense-that while the rank grass and the "charnel weed" luxuriate round the "narrow homes" of his fellow slumberers, the track which leads to his monument exhibits a beaten pathway, worn bare by the "frequent feet" of those who crowd around to gaze on the spot which

contains the mortal remains of the Peasant Bard!

SCRAPS.
Original and Selected.

FIGHTING FAMILIES.-There yet survives the Battle of Waterloo, three families, with three brothers in each, who greatly distinguished themselves on that memorable day three Souersets, three Hills, and three Wildmans.

there were no fewer than twelve Knights, of the name of Mack.
HOW NAMES DIE OUT.In the times of James the Second,
lellan,-the head of which was William Earl Kirendbright.
There are more Baronets of the name of Gordon (Elevin,) than
any other.

The County of Ayr is more prolific of Baronets of one name,
than any other in England, or Scotland, namely Sir William
Cunningham of Robertland, Sir William of Caprington, Sir
James Cunningham of Corsehill, Bart.
Richard of Auchinharves, Sir William of Milncraig, and Sir

POACHING. It is known that the effectual way to cure the sweet tooth of a grocer's young apprentice, is to allow him a surfeit of sugar bowls, candy, and currants; and we are told by Macgregor, that those who have at home been noted poachers, if left with the free range of the Canadian forests, seldom think of handling a gun,—a fact full of instruction to our legislators, could they profit by it. Some one has observed, how much natives of America must be puzzled when reading the proceedings of our parliament. In America, where light, air, and water are free to all, a native could as well believe that the moon was a Queen Ann's farthing, and a grant of the Crown to a lady of the bed-chamber, as understand that a man living by the side of a river could be prevented catching the fish, because some feudal king or lord had granted the river to somebody else for ever. Fortunately, Jonathan is not an heir to any such wisdom of ancestry, or he might have found the Mississippi, or the Chesapeake, and the St. Lawrence, granted in fee-simple, or in perpetuity, to some Jeremiah or Ti-Paley was one, arose a discussion concerning the summn mothy of old, by virtue of constitutional charters. The bequests of the wisdom of our ancestors are very numerous.

CHARACTER OF MEN OF SPIRIT.

HONOURABLE CONDUCT.-Lord Mornington's father dying L. 5,000 more in debt than his effects would pay, the present borough, the Duke of Wellington, and Lord Cowley, sumLord Mornington, father of the Marquis Wellesley, Lord Mary moned the creditors together, and promised them payment in three years, which, much to his honour, his Lordship has fulfilled to the last shilling.-Morning Chronicle, Sept. 10, 1787. A LONG BREAKFAST.-A farmer observing his servant a long time at breakfast, said, "John, you make a long breakfast!" "Master!" answered John," a cheese of this size is nat so soon eaten as you would think."

GREATEST GOOD.-In a company of young men, of whom

bonum: the argument was carried on by the different speakers
with due seriousness and gravity; and several opinions, both
ancient and modern, were sifted and examined in relation to
this most important topic; at length Paley cried out, "You
are mistaken: I will tell you in what consists the summus
bonum of human life-it consists in reading Tristram Shandy.
in blowing with a pair of bellows into your shoes in hot weather,
and roasting potatoes under the grate in cold."
small fish out of the water?-Because they are dead bait (beat),
IRISH CON BY CROKER.-Why are the Tories like certain

A CUT BETWEEN FRIENDS.-Sir Robert Peel is reportal to have said on the case of Somerville, that "soldiers ought not to be allowed to become politicians." This is another sly cat for his quondam colleague Wellington.

FIRES IN LONDON.-From a register of fires kept for one

accidents.

lenged all the whistlers in Europe to make as much noise with A WHISTLE. BINKIE.-A French musical amateur has cha one instrument as he can make with his mouth. He has been engaged by the Director of the French Theatre in London.

I am reputed by some of my acquaintence to want spirit, and it is for no other reason but that I do not live above my income. I have spirit enough to keep out of debt, and endeavour to make all my friends welcome when they visit me; but, when I make any entertainment, they exclaim, it is not done with spirit, though it is always as elegant as my circumstances will allow. I know several of these men of spirit, who are mean-spirited enough to borrow money of me. Our jails swarm with men of spirit, and our streets are crowded by children whose parents were persons of spirit. There are men of spirit, of all degrees, from the peer in his chariot to the porter with his ropes, who ridi-year in London, it appears that there were 360 alarms of fire, cule frugality and all economy which prevents superfluous attended with very little damage, 31 serious fires, and 151 fires. expense. By these persons a man that is frugal is said to occasioned by chimneys being on fire, amounting in all to 549 be miserable; and economy is despised as the want of spirit. I am convinced that, if men of spirit were to become a litttle less vain and ostentatious, it would be of great advantage, not only to themselves, but to the community; for it is notorious that they too often keep up their spirit at the expense of the public; and it does not appear to me that they are influenced by a good spirit, when they ruin a tradesmen by getting into his debt for superfluities, or when they take in a friend for their surety to keep up their credit. I know men of spirit who wear the tailors' clothes. I am often blamed by these people for not appearing oftener at public diversions; but I can divert myself and family without going to the Theatre every other evening in winter, and to the gardens in summer four or five times a-week. Though I am condemned by these gentlemen as a meanspirited and unpolished niggard, yet my conduct enables me to provide for my family all the necessaries of life, and for myself a perpetual succession of peaceful pleasures, without the risk of my independence, my virtue, my health, or my fortune, all of which are continually attacked by the man of spirit.

THE SCOTCH CHURCH, LONDON.-It is supposed that there are about 100,000 Scotchmen in the metropolis, yet there are in communion with the Church of Scotland, only six congregations viz. :-The Scotch Church, London-wall; the Scotch Church, Swallow Street; St. Andrew's Scotch Church; Scotch Church, Chadwell Street: Verulam Scotch Church, Lambeth; and the National Scotch Church, Regent Square.

EPIGRAM ON AN EDITOR.
To dot an I, to cross a T,
Scratch out a comma, add a colon,
All day would fussy Cr-k-r be,
And wiser think himself than Solon.

CorTON.-The first cost of a year's cotton manufactured in England, is estimated at L.6,000,000, sterling, the wages paid! to 833,000 persons employed in its manufacture, in various way is L.20,000,000, sterling; the profit of the manufacturers may be estimated at L.6,000,000, at least,

BESIDES appearing in WEEKLY NUMBERS, the SCHOOLMASTER will be published in MONTHLY PARTS, which, stitched in a neat cover, will contain as much letter-press, of good execution, as any of the large Monthly Periodicals: A Table of Contents will be given at the end o volume of 832 pages, super-royal size, may be bound up, contain. year; when, at the weekly cost of three-halfpence, a handsom much matter worthy of preservation.

the

PART I. for August, containing the first four Numbers, with JOHN STONE'S MONTHLY REGISTER, may now be had of the Book sellers, and dealers in cheap Periodicals.

CONTENTS OF NO. VII.

MEMOIR OF WILLIAM COBBETT.....
LORD BROUGHAM AND VAUX....
THE STORY-TELLER-TO-Morrow..

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185

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COLUMN FOR THE YOUNG........
COLUMN FOR THE LADIES..................................
USEFUL ARTS...........
THE EXHUMATION OF BURNS....
SCRAPS-Poaching-Character of Men of Spirit, &c.......... 114

EDINBURGH: Printed by and for JouN JOHNSTONE, 19, St. Jame
Square. Published by JOHN ANDERSON, Jun., Bookseller, 55, N
Bridge Street, Edinburgh; by JOHN MACLEOD, and ATKINSON & C
Booksellers, Glasgow, and sold by all Booksellers and Vonder»
Cheap Periodicals.

THE

AND

EDINBURGH WEEKLY MAGAZINE.

CONDUCTED BY JOHN JOHNSTONE.

THE SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD.-LORD BROUGHAM.

No. 8.-VOL. I. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1832. PRICE THREE-HALFPENCE. HOLYDAY RAMBLES ROUND EDINBURGH. | the Church itself is a venerable and enduring

No. III.

CRICHTON CASTLE-THE VALE OF BORTHWICK.

BY THE RAILWAY.

We have shewn too much adhesiveness to the
ROMAN CAMP, and, bound on further quests, must
make short work of our promised third and ro-
mantic route homeward to Edinburgh.
Suppose the Rambler, blessed with healthful
limbs and good spirits, to have reached our cen-
tral station by half-past ten, there is still a long
day before him, and work for it. Let him descend
towards the new bridge, where it will not be
amiss to take a second breakfast, and cutting across
the valley, wheel to the west, properly south-west,
and coursing against the Tyne, though far above its
bed, hold on by Crichton Church and Crichton
Castle, to the valley of Borthwick, till he join the
post-road at Fushie-Bridge. A pedestrian only
can make out this route, for in the finest part of
it, there is not even a bridle track.

In the early part of the ramble, some of the objects formerly indicated, will be more immediately under inspection. Others of humbler pretension, though of infinitely greater utility, should not be forgotten. Let the young traveller remember that, in the village of Ford, lived

JAMES SMALL,

a country cart-wright, whose improvements on the
plough have been of far more benefit to mankind
than all the warlike deeds of all the Hepburns,
and Crichtons, and Borthwicks, and other feudal
barons, who, for five hundred years, lorded it over
this valley. This ingenious man was indefatigable
in improving the most important of agricultural
implements; and from his humble village work-
shop, he at last sent forth five hundred ploughs
year, to all parts of the three kingdoms.
Though this part of the parish of Crichton does
But boast the rich, exuberant fertility of the
country, through which the waggoneer and pedes-
trian has already passed, once arrived among the
clumps, belts, and stripes of plantation, in the
neighbourhood of the Church, the Manse, and the
Castle, the scenery is of a highly pleasing charac-«
ter; the opposite banks are fine and picturesque;

structure-old, but staunch. The Castle is, however, the most attractive feature of the landscape. It stands on a pre-eminent, but not immediately steep bank, among open natural pastures, the ground breaking on every side into slopes and baulks; and swelling into knolls and small heights, sprinkled with underwood, gorse, and fern. The Notes to Marmion afford the best description we know of Crichton Castle: they are Pennant extended by Scott, and we copy them almost implicitly, remarking, by the way, that Sir Walter surely means Scots measure when he calls Crichton only seven miles from Edinburgh. It is full twelve.

CRICHTON CASTLE.

CRICHTON! though now thy miry court
But pens the lazy steer and sheep,
Thy turrets rude, and tottered Keep,
Have been the minstrels' lov'd resort:
Oft have I traced within thy fort

Of mouldering shields, the mystic sense,
'Scutcheons of honour or pretence,
Quartered in old armorial sort,

Remains of rude magnificence.

But a prose guide is safer than a poetical one for the young student in architectural and Heraldic antiquities. Crichton Castle was built at different times, "and," says Sir Walter, "with a very different regard to splendour and accommodation. The oldest part of the building is a narrow keep or tower, such as formed the mansion of the lesser Scottish baron; but so many additions have been made to it, that there is now a large court yard, surrounded by buildings of different ages. The eastern front is raised above the portico, and decorated with entablatures bearing anchors. All the stones of this front are cut into diamond facets, the angular protections of which have an uncommonly rich appearance. The inside of this part of the building appears to have contained a gallery of great length and uncommon elegance. Access was given to it by a magnificent staircase, now quite destroyed. The soffits are ornamented with twining cordage and rosettes; and the

whole seems to have been far more splendid than was usual

in Scottish castles."

Crichton was the habitation of the Chancellor Crichton,

the joint guardian with the Earl of Callander, of James 11., and the determined and politic enemy of the turbulent and ambitious house of Douglas. During the life of the Chancellor, it was besieged, taken, and levelled by the Earl of Douglas, who imputed to Crichton the betrayal and beheading, in Edinburgh Castle, of Earl William, his predecessor. It was garrisoned, (we again quote Sir Walter) by Lord Crichton in 1483 against James III. whose displeasure he

had incurred by seducing his sister Margaret, in revenge, it is said, for the Monarch having dishonoured his bed." It would have been worth a day's travel to have seen Crichton on the days of siege. From the Crichton family this Castle passed to the Hepburns, Earls of Bothwell; and when the forfeitures of the last Earl of Bothwell, or Stewart, were divided, this share fell to the Earl of Buccleuch. It latterly passed to other families. Pennant describes the architecture of Crichton as of uncommon elegance. The Castle had that indispensable requisite to the feudal lord, a dungeon, or Massy More.

in the lower storeys, taper into 6 feet. Borthwick keep had the usual defences of flanking towers, and where the ground is not itself a defence, a moat. In the place on which you are looking Queen Mary and Bothwell found refuge before the battle of Carbery-hill. Borthwick Castle submitted to the summons of Cromwell, without a single soldier showing himself for King Charles. It is well worth a half hour's inspection, were it only from

There is no road, we said, between Crichton | the highest point to which one can scramble to and Borthwick, though the distance from church enjoy the view "over dale and down." The farmto church cannot be above two miles. The foot or houses, cottages, and better sort of small homesheep-track meanders delightfully through natu- steads in this quiet valley, and in sight of the ral pastures and rushy meadows, among dwarf ha-old castle and the church, are in complete harzel and alder and black-thorn bushes, broom, and mony with its prevailing character. None are brackens, till walled in by a nearly impene- fine, or modern, or even show too obtrusive a glare trable wilderness of furze, roughly clothing the of freshness. The site of the church, placed high bank. The waters divide hereabouts-the in- on a green bank, and upward and downward overfant Tyne running eastward, while the Borth-looking the vale, is well chosen; and the edifice wick burn, here a considerable stream, de- itself is built in much better taste than the common scending from the southward heights, flows west, run of presbyterian country churches. It is with till it falls into the Esk. To townsfolk, or such as this, of full age to harmonize in colouring with have only looked on the rich and cultivated land- the wonted church accessories of stiles, foot-paths, scapes around Edinburgh, the country here will ancient trees, and mouldering and mossy gravebe of quite a new character; far more wild and rus- stones. The village is tolerably well screened off tic; a charming mixture of sylvan and pastoral by hedgerows and trees; and the old long manse, scenery. Leaving Crichton Castle behind, which beyond the church and the village-originally pitchis soon hidden by the juttings and bulgings of the ed on one of the green billows of the valley, and steep banks, the valley of Borthwick opens on us, commanding the openings of some of the small dells and its lordly tower rises abruptly, and with a far and the depths of others—is to the passing rambler bolder effect than the larger and more ornate feu- a much finer object than the more ambitious eccledal hold we have left. With a tolerably extensive siastical edifices of later years, built since "handpersonal acquaintance among the glens, valleys, some augmentations" have made extended houseand broad straths of Highland and Lowland Scot-hold accommodation and appliances desirable. It land, we cannot, at this moment, recall a more is one of those modest dwellings which bespeak pleasant valley of its peculiar kind, than this of Borthwick, clipt closely in by its own green heights, kept in perennial freshness by its own clear stream, -sober, peaceful, sequestered, and exquisitely rural-a spot where, to the chafed spirit, repose might come without the pains of wooing it, where the heart is invited to commune with itself and be still, and where the disease of the city, the perpetual wearing mind-fever of busy life, might intermit, and gradually subside into tranquillity and healthfulness. The feudal lords, who like the eagles lived apart, rarely built their nests so near each other, as they have done here. But the eyries of Borthwick and Crichton, though close together, were not in sight, and the one opened into the east, the other into the west, with considerable natural bulwarks and obstacles between them.

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little or no first cost, over which the hand of Time
has passed lightly and caressingly, and which
seems to have unfolded into grace and beauty
under the same happy influences which have
formed the characters of the inmates of so peace-
ful and sweet an abiding place. To the Manse of
Borthwick belongs a
more profound interest.
Under this roof Robertson the historian was born.
The scene of the first wanderings of him who
traced the discoveries of Columbus and the con-
quests of Pizarro, were the braes and burns of
Borthwick valley. It was on brooding in a still
summer's eve, on this quiet heart of a truly Scottish
rural parish, that the author of the SABBATH
breathed his most ambitious aspiration.*

It is related by one of Grahame's friends, in an interesting little notice of his life, that some time before he left the bar looking, in a fine summer evening, with delighted compla ment on the Esk, he said, "I wish such a place had fallen to cency, on the little kirk of Borthwick, not far from his retire my lot;" and when it was remarked, that retirement might become wearisome, "O, no," he replied, "it would be de lightful to live a life of usefulness among a simple people THE SABBATH and the BIRDS OF SCOTLAND must be con unmolested with cares and ceremonies!" The reader of vinced that these were his genuine sentiments; nor is it easy to imagine a picture of human beatitude more touching and complete than the author of THE SABBATH, "the pastor of "a simple people," in one of the glens of his ow Poor Man's Bard," living surrounded by his family, the romantic land. Johnstone's Specimens of the Poets.

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