CONTENTS prince of Orange with the lady Mary-Plan of peace-Negotiations-Campaign of 1678-Negotiations-Peace of Nimeguen-State of affairs in Scotland Page 1 The popish plot-Oates's narrative and character-Coleman's letters-Godfrey's murder-General consternation-The parliament-Zeal of the parliament-Bed- -Duke of Monmouth--Duke of York retires to Brussels-New parliament- Danby's impeachment-Popish plot-New council-Limitations on a popish suc- cessor-Bill of exclusion-Habeas corpus bill-Prorogation and dissolution of the parliament-Trial and execution of the five Jesuits-and of Langhorne- Wakeman acquitted-State of affairs in Scotland-Battle of Bothwell-bridge 59 against the exclusion-Exclusion bill rejected-Trial of Stafford-His execution -Violence of the commons-Dissolution of the parliament-New parliament at Oxford-Fitz harris's case-Parliament dissolved-Victory of the royalists 112 State of affairs in Ireland-Shaftesbury acquitted-Argyle's trial-State of affairs in Scotland-State of the ministry in England-New nomination of sheriffs- Quo warrantos-Great power of the crown-A conspiracy-Shaftesbury retires and dies-Rye-house plot-Conspiracy discovered-Execution of the conspira- tors-Trial of lord Russel-His execution-Trial of Algernon Sidney-His execution-State of the nation-State of foreign affairs-King's sickness and invasion-Defeat-and execution-A_parliament-French persecutions-The -Suspension of the penal laws-State of Ireland--Embassy to Rome--Attempt upon Magdalen-college-Imprisonment-Trial and acquittal of the bishops- Conduct of the prince of Orange-He forms a league against France-Refuses to concur with the king-Resolves to oppose the king-Is applied to by the Eng- lish-Coalition of parties-Prince's preparations-Offers of France to the king -Rejected-Supposed league with France-General discontents-The king re- tracts his measures-Prince's declaration--The prince lands in England-Ge- neral commotion-Desertion of the army-and of prince George-and of the princess Anne-King's consternation-and flight-General confusion-King seized at Feversham--Second escape--King's character-Convention summon- ed--Settlement of Scotland-English convention meets--Views of the parties --Free conference between the houses--Commons prevail--Settlement of the THE HISTORY OF GREAT BRITAIN. CHAP. LXVI. CHARLES II. Schemes of the cabal--Remonstrances of sir William TempleCampaign of 1674-A parliament-Passive obedience-A parliament-Campaign of 1675-Congress of Nimeguen-Campaign of 1676-Uncertain conduct of the king-A parliament-Cam-, paign of 1677-Parliament's distrust of the king-Marriage of the prince of Orange with the lady Mary-Plan of peace-Negotiations Campaign of 1678- Negotiations-Peace of Nimeguen -State of affairs in Scotland. Schemes cabal. IF If we consider the projects of the famous cabal, of the it will appear hard to determine, whether the end which those ministers pursued were more blamable and pernicious, or the means by which they were to effect it more impolitic and imprudent. Though they might talk only of recovering or fixing the king's authority, their intention could be no other than that of making him absolute; since it was not possible to regain or maintain, in opposition to the people, any of those powers of the crown abolished by late law or custom, without subduing the people, and rendering the royal prerogative entirely uncontrollable. Against such a scheme, they might foresee, that every part of the nation would declare themselves, not only the old parliamentary faction, which, though they kept not in a body, were still numerous; but even the greatest royalists, who were indeed attached to monarchy, but desired to see it limited and restrained by law. It had appeared, that the present parliament, though elected during the greatest prevalence of the royal party, was yet tenacious of popular privileges, and retained a considerable jealousy of the crown, even before they had received any just ground of suspicion. The guards, therefore, together with a small army, new levied, and undisciplined, and composed too of Englishmen, were almost the only domestic resources which the king could depend on in the prosecution of these dangerous counsels. The assistance of the French king was, no doubt, deemed by the cabal a considerable support in the schemes which they were forming; but it is not easily conceived, that they could imagine themselves capable of directing and employing an associate of so domineering a character. They ought justly to have suspected that it would be the sole intention of Lewis, as it evidently was his interest, to raise incurable jealousies between the king and his people; and that he saw how much a steady uniform government in this island, whether free or absolute, would form invincible barriers to his ambition. Should his assistance be demanded; if he sent a small supply, it would serve only to enrage the people, and render the breach altogether irreparable; if he furnished a great force, sufficient to subdue the nation, there was little reason to trust his generosity, with regard to the use which he would make of this advantage. In all its other parts, the plan of the cabal, it must be confessed, appears equally absurd and incongruous. If the war with Holland were attended with great success, and involved the subjection of the republic, such an accession of force must fall to Lewis, not to Charles: and what hopes afterward of resisting by the greatest unanimity so mighty a monarch? How dangerous, or rather how ruinous, to depend upon his assistance against domestic discontents? If the Dutch, by their own vigour, and the assistance of allies, were able to |