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Mudie's Library.

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This day, in 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 8s., with numerous Illustrations, PRE-HISTORIC MAN: Researches into the Origin of Civilization in the Old and the New World. By DANIEL WILSON, LL.D., Professor of History and English Literature in University College, Toronto; Author of "The Archæology and Pre-historic Annals of Scotland," &c.

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On MATTER and ETHER; or, The Secret Laws of Physical Change. By the Rev. T. R. BIRKS, Rector of Kelshall; Author of "The Difficulty of Belief," &c.

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The BOOK of PRAISE: from the best English Hymn
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A PAINTER'S CAMP in the HIGHLANDS.
P. G. HAMERTON.

By

This day is published, a New and Cheaper Edition, handsomely printed and bound in extra cloth, with Vignette and Frontispiece on Steel, from Designs by the Author, engraved by C. H. Jeens. 18mo. price 4s. 6d.

SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY: being an Ac- The LADY of LA GARAYE. By the Hon. Mrs.

count drawn from the latest Writings and Discoveries of the more important Countries and Places mentioned in Holy Scripture. By JAMES HEWITT, late Lecturer on Geography at the Training College, Battersea."

NATIONAL SOCIETY'S DEPOSITORY, Westminster.

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NORTON. Dedicated to the Marquis of LANSDOWNE.

"The poem is a pure, tender, touching tale of pain, sorrow, love, duty, piety, and death. . . . The moral is unimpeachable, the characters are uniformly good. The melancholy inspired by The Lady of La Garaye,' far from being of a depressing kind, is the most soothing, elevated, and hallowing state of feeling which, at seasons of trial, can possess the heart and soul of man."-Edinburgh Review.

"Among the Christmas books of the year, we do not believe that there is to be found a volume more beautiful in appearance or more deserving to be read than this."-Times. "Rich in imagery, excellent in versification, and pervaded by a reverential tenderness which is irresistibly touching."-Daily News.

This day, with Coloured Illustrations, 8vo. cloth, 145. VITI: an Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian or Fijian Group. By BERTHOLD SEEMANN, Ph. D. F.L.S. Immediately, 2 vols. demy 8vo. HISTORY of FREDERICK the SECOND, EMPEROR of the ROMANS. From Chronicles and Documents published within the last Ten Years. By T. L. KINGTON, M.A., of Balliol College, Oxford, and the Inner Temple.

This Work has an important bearing on the question of our age. It sets before us the causes of the present disunion of Germany; it introduces us to a monarch who, as the promoter of Italian unity, was honoured with the especial enmity of the Papacy.

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BACON'S ESSAYS and COLOURS of GOOD and
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MAGIC LANTERNS, with Dissolving-View An ELEMENTARY HISTORY of the PRAYER

Apparatus, and a various Selection of Entertaining and Interesting Slides. Two Pairs of Magic Lanterns, with complete Apparatus for Dissolving-Views, are kept ON HIRE at the National Society's Depository, Sanctuary, Westminster. Applications for hire of the Lanterns, specifying No. 1 or 2, may be addressed to the Secretary, National Society's Depository, Sanctuary, Westminster.

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BOOK. BY FRANCIS PROCTER, M.A., Vicar of Witton, Norfolk, formerly Fellow of St. Catherine's College, Cambridge. Immediately, in 2 vols, crown 8vo. The TWO CATHERINES. A Novel.

LONDON and CAMBRIDGE.

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A Review of the Baptismal Controversy.

BY J. B. MOZLEY, B.D.

Vicar of Old Shoreham, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.

London: RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.

Now ready, in 8vo., Price 6d.

CASE WHETHER PROFESSOR JOWETT IN HIS ESSAY AND COMMENTARY Has so distinctly contravened the Doctrines of the Church of England, that a Court of Law would pronounce him Guilty;

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The PRINCIPLES of DIVINE SERVICE: or, an Inquiry concerning the True Manner of understanding and using the Order for Morning and Evening Prayer, and for the Administration of the Holy Communion in the English Church. By the Rev. PHILIP FREEMAN, M.A., Vicar of Thorverton, Prebendary of Exeter, and Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Exeter. In two vols. 8vo. cloth, price 17. 45. [Just published.

The concluding portion, on the Order for the Holy Communion, just published, besides its proper subject, enters incidentally into most of the great religious questions of the day; as Atonement, Sacrifice, the Origin of the Sabbath Day, &c.

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Addresses on the Questions to the Candidates for Ordination. By the Right Rev. the LORD BISHOP OF OXFORD. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. cloth, price 6s.

H KAINH ALAOHKH. The Greek Testament, with
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[Just published.
UNIVERSITY and CATHEDRAL SERMONS.
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and Canon of Winchester, formerly Head Master of Winchester College.
With a brief Memoir of the Author. In one vol. 8vo. [Nearly ready.
SEVEN SERMONS preached on the Sundays in Lent

and Easter-day, 1862. By GILBERT VYVYAN HEATHCOTE, Literate Priest; Curate in sole charge of Rushall, Diocese of Salisbury. Crown 8vo. limp cloth, price 2s. 6d.

REPORT of the PROCEEDINGS of the CHURCH CONGRESS of 1862, held in the Sheldonian Theatre and Town-hall, Oxford, July 8th, 9th, and 10th. 8vo. sewed, price 2s. 6d.; by post 2s. 10d. [Just published.

A HISTORY of the BOOK of COMMON PRAYER and other Authorized Books, from the Reformation; and an attempt to ascertain how the Rubrics, Canons, and Customs of the Church have been understood and observed from the same time; with an Account of the State of Religion in England from 1640 to 1660. By the Rev. THOMAS LATHBURY, M.A., Author of "A History of the Convocation," "The ¦ Nonjurors," &c. Second Edition, with an Index. 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth. ANCIENT COLLECTS and other PRAYERS.

Selected for devotional use from various Rituals, with an Appendix on the Collects in the Prayer-Book. By WILLIAM BRIGHT, M.A., Fellow of University College, Oxford, Author of "A History of the Church," &c. Second Edition, enlarged. Fcap. 8vo. in red and black, on toned paper, price 5s. antique cloth.

The WORKS of S. JUSTIN MARTYR. Translated with Notes and Indices. (Library of the Fathers.) In 8vo. cloth, price 8s.

THOUGHTS DURING SICKNESS. By the Au

thor of "The Doctrine of the Cross," and "Devotions for the Sick Room." Third Edition. Fcap. price 2s. 6d. cloth.

JELF'S GREEK GRAMMAR. A Grammar of the Greek Language, chiefly from the Text of Raphael Kühnner. By WM. Enw. JELF, M.A., Student of Christ Church. Two vols. 8vo. Third Edition, price 1/. 10s.

This Grammar is now in general use at Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, and Durham; at Eton, King's College, London, and other public Schools. MADVIG'S LATIN GRAMMAR. A Latin Grammar for the use of Schools. By Professor MADVIG, with Additions by the Author. Translated by the Rev. G. F. WOODS, M.A., uniform with Jelf's "Greek Grammar." Fourth Edition, with an Index of Authors. 8vo. price 12s. cloth. Competent authorities pronounce this work to be the very best Latin Grammar yet published in England. This New Edition contains an Index to the Authors quoted.

GLEANINGS FROM WESTMINSTER ABBEY. By GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, R.A., F.S.A. With Appendices supplying further particulars, and completing the History of the Abbey Buildings, by others. Illustrated by numerous Plates and Woodcuts. New and much enlarged Edition. 8vo. [In the press.

MEMOIR of the late JOSHUA WATSON. By the

Venerable ARCHDEACON CHURTON. New Edition.

[In the press.

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Works in the Press.

The INVASION of the CRIMEA: its Origin, and an Account of its Progress down to the Death of Lord Raglan. By Alexander William Kinglake, M.P. Vols. I. and II., bringing the Events down to the Close of the BATTLE of the ALMA.

To be completed in Four Volumes, 8vo.

! Illustrated Edition.

PROFESSOR AYTOUN'S LAYS of the SCOTTISH CAVALIERS, with Seventy Illustrations designed by JOSEPH NOEL PATON, R.S.A.; and WALLER H. PATON.

The Second Volume of

The ODYSSEY of HOMER. Translated into English Verse in the Spenserian Stanza. By PHILLIP STANHOPE WORSLEY, M.A., Scholar of Corpus Christi College. Containing Books XIII. to XXIV. [Ready.

In one Volume, Octavo, STUDIES in ROMAN LAW, with Comparative Views of the Laws of France, England, and Scotland. By LORD MACKENZIE, one of the Judges of the Court of Session in

Scotland.

A Cheap Edition of PROFESSOR WILSON'S NOCTES AMBROSIANE. Illustrated with Portraits. In Twelve Monthly Parts, price One Shilling each.

A Cheap Edition of

The MILL on the FLOSS. By GEORGE ELIOT.

Complete in One Volume, price 6s.

TEXT-BOOKS of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By DAVID PAGE, F.G.S. Author of " Text-books of Geology," the "Past and Present Life of the Globe," &c.

I.

INTRODUCTORY TEXT-BOOK. With Illustrations and Glossarial Index. Crown 8vo., 15. 9d.

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INDEX GEOGRAPHICUS: being an Index to nearly One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Names of Places, &c. with their Latitudes and Longitudes as given in KEITH JOHNSTON'S ROYAL ATLAS. Together with the Countries and Subdivisions of the Countries in which they are situated. In One Large Volume, 8vo.

LIFE of the REV. JAMES ROBERTSON, D.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History in the University of Edinburgh. By the Rev. A. H. CHARTERIS, M.A., Minister of Newabbey.

The BOOK of JOB. By the late Rev. GEORGE CROLY, D.D., Rector of St. Stephen's, Walbrook.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS, Edinburgh and London.

Printed by WHITTINGHAM AND WILKINS, at their Office, No. 21, Tooks Court, Chancery Lane, in the Parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, in the county of Middlesex; and published by Hugh Saunders, at the Office, No. 65, Brook Street, Hanover Square, in the Parish of St. George, Hanover Square, in the said county, November, 1862.

PRO ECCLESIA DEI.

Church and State

No. 7, Vol. 1.

Review.

December 1, 1862.

The Bishop of Natal and the

Word of GOD.*

OME two hundred years ago " flourished" Benoît de Spinosa. About this time began "the manhood of the world." The biographer of Spinosa-" chef des Pantheistes modernes "-after enlarging upon the suavity of modernes❞—after his demeanour and the courtesies of his address, and the influence which he obtained and exercised thereby over ardent and unwary minds, proceeds to say:

Price IS.

minister, in the Church of England. We fear that there are many signs to show that these are not days of a high morality. But was there ever an instance of a lower morality, or of a more appalling self-condemnation?

We have, however, no choice. We dare not pass these things by here or elsewhere; though we will not allow the blasphemous book of this arithmetical unbeliever to be reviewed in this Review. The Bishop is well known as a considerable arithmetician. His powers of calculation have been too much for his faith. Verily, il a raisonné à sa manière.

It is a day of poisonings: but there are worse things in the world than strychnine. For the last Mais, sous des mœurs si douces, Spinosa cachait two years a man has had it in his power, and now des projets hostiles contre les anciennes croyances. has it in his power more than ever, to go a long Dans sa solitude il travaillait à un Traité Theologico- way to destroy not the life of the body, but everyPolitique, qui devait affranchir les hommes du thing that makes it worth having, for himself, and joug d'autorité pour les préparer à recevoir celui de for all those whom God has given him to influence sa doctrine. Il y soumit la Bible à une nouvelle and guide, by laying out a few shillings at Messrs. analyse, dans le but de saper les bases de la Révé- Longmans. Weak as the poison is, and dishonourlation. Il exposa ses doutes sur l'authenticité des ing to the intellect in whose prostituted name it is Livres Saints, sur la mission de Moïse, sur l'esprit administered, it is yet strong enough to do its des prophètes, sur la possibilité des miracles; et il deadly work where there is a predisposition of the chercha les preuves de ces assertions dans la Bible elle-mind. The silliness, therefore, of books like Essays même, sur laquelle il prétendait que chacun avait le droit de raisonner à sa manière.”

Spinosa was thus a considerable unbeliever, but he was not a Bishop. The Rt. Rev. J. W. Colenso, D.D. is the Bishop of Natal. The latest manifestation of the world's mature age is that of a Bishop sitting in his chair at the altar of his Cathedral Church with young Christian men seeking the office of Deacon at his hands, standing before him. In his right hand is his own book denying the truth of the Bible: in his left is the Bible, as he declared himself "unfeignedly" to "believe" it in his own ordination. Out of his mouth come the words demanding, as a condition of their ordination, "Do you unfeignedly believe all the Canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testament?"

The whole thing is almost too revolting to touch. Especially is it revolting to touch the sophistry wherewith the Bishop in his preface undertakes to show that it is competent to him, as an honest man, to continue to minister, and to ordain others to

The Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua critically examined. By the Right Rev. John William Colenso, D.D., Bishop of Natal. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. 1862.

+ See Essays and Reviews. Rev. Frederic Temple, D.D., Essay I.; Rev. Benjamin Jowett, M.A., Essay VII.--passim.

and Reviews, and this book of the Bishop of Natal, is no ground for passing them by as things too foolish to do much mischief. No doubt they are very foolish books, and, as fruits of an educated and "manly" intellect, contemptible. No doubt they are weak reproductions of many times exploded heresies. But it is not only original power and much learning and clever writing that is able to ruin souls.

Two

The sin of "the Church of England by representation" has not been slow to find her out. years ago six priests and one layman published Essays and Reviews. The Lower House of Convocation of the Province of Canterbury was with much difficulty persuaded to do its duty. The Upper House has not done its duty. There has been an irregular and unauthoritative declaration of a private meeting of the Bishops of both Provinces at Lambeth; but there has been no Judgment in Synod.

The sin-for it is no less-has borne fruit, and The the Church is visited with a deeper curse. sin of the Synod is the rebuke of the Church. That men are, in the plenitude of conceit of their own reason, impatient and despisers of authority, is no

H

excuse, or even palliation, for abandoning authority. If there be members of the Church of England who have no regard to, or respect for, the sentence of the Synod, when such sentence has been pronounced, the sin is theirs. But, so long as no sentence is pronounced, the sin is the sin of the Synod. The offence and the folly of Essays and Reviews have culminated in the book of the Bishop of Natal. The use which the Bishop has made (Preface, p. xii. note) of the late judgments in the Court of Arches-Bishop of Salisbury v. Williams; Fendall v. Wilson ;-will open some men's eyes to the unsoundness and the danger of the position that the Synod may and ought to leave such cases to the law Courts. For the judgments in the Court of Arches may be sound enough, as discriminating between what is, and what is not, a legal offence: but a legal offence in a minister of a Church established by law, and an offence of the same man against the Bible and the Church, are not, necessarily, one and the same thing. Neither are they to be dealt with in the same way. Meantime, the book is a judgment upon us all for the evasion by the Bishops of a primary duty of their Synodical office. The evasion, so long as it is not repaired, converts all other proceedings in Synod into an offence.

Bishops and priests, members of the Church's Synods, what are you going to say to this "hinderer and slanderer of God's Word ?" Are you going to shrink from condemning his book as you shrunk from condemning Essays and Reviews? Are you going, once more, to abdicate the "Authority" entrusted to you by the Great Head of the Church in favour of the argumentative refutations of private men? Is there no room for application here of the Divine reproof," These ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone?" Will you again invite the application? May GOD in His mercy forbid! forbid! Rather may GOD enlarge the concord now prevailing between faithful members of His Church in this land who had doubted of one another, and may He bless that concord to the recovery of the Church's true position in the defence of the common inheritance of the Faith. For the Church may sin, either in the life of its members severally, or in its corporate life. The sin of its corporate life is the refusal or the neglect to guard the Faith committed to its keeping, and to interpose the shield of its Authority, and the encouragement of its own humble faithfulness, between the tempter and the tempted.

Let us hope and let us pray that we may hopethat, notwithstanding our painful experience in the case of Essays and Reviews, the Synod will be ready to postpone all other business to the consideration of a Synodical judgment to be pronounced upon this most unhappy book of one of the Bishops of the Church of England. "To what purpose is the multitude" of ministers, and churches, and schools, and the work of home and foreign missions; to what purpose is "the Book of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments," if ministers and teachers are to go forth bearing in their hands a doubted and dishonoured BIBLE?

Garibaldi.

ARIBALDI has obtained a great and permanent success upon the stage of foreign politics. Sympathy with his late reverses, notwithstanding the Conservative tendencies of the age, is a popular text for dinner and platform orators; and in the race for the favour of the British public the revolutionary chief has fairly distanced his competitors. All parties yield alike to the fascination of his romance. His professed opinions endear him to the Radicals; the support he has given to those proceedings which her Majesty's Government dignify with the title of a foreign policy commend him to the Whigs; and even Tory county members and Tory country gentlemen rise, amidst the fumes of provincial dinners, to drink "success to Garibaldi," with as much enthusiasm and far less logic than their ancestors may have toasted the "king over the water." Under these circumstances we may reasonably ask, "Whence comes such wonderful unanimity of opinion ?" One answer is obvious. The misgovernment of the Bourbon dynasty had become proverbial amongst us; we welcomed the Neapolitan refugee, no matter how infamous his character or conduct, as a martyr and a hero. martyr and a hero. When therefore Garibaldi, at the head of a thousand volunteers, landed in Sicily, worsted the royal troops, passed over to the sister kingdom in the face of a powerful fleet, entered the capital without a blow, defeated the King in a pitched battle, and, having wrested from him the greater part of his dominions, proclaimed Victor Emmanuel in Naples apparently without fee, reward, or condition, no wonder that enthusiasm ran high, no wonder that the author of such miraculous results was almost adored! But has not Garibaldi a further claim on British sympathy? Is he not the avowed enemy of the Pope? Is not it his mission to root out Romish superstition and enthrone pure religion on the Seven Hills? So reason many of our pious countrymen-excellent, but credulous men! When they reflect that Garibaldi attends no fixed place of worship, professes at the best a very doubtful Christianity, when they peruse the "Garibaldi" catechism, can they believe that the renegade clerical adventurers, who are dubbed his chaplains, would establish any orthodox creed if the supreme ecclesiastical power fell into their hands? This test must be resigned: Garibaldi's reputation must stand or fall by his political acts only, and to judge whether he deserves the confidence and admiration which have been lavished upon him, let us briefly review the circumstances attending his first expedition to Sicily.

In the month of December, 1859, Cavour, who had lately returned to power, determined to compensate for the certain surrender of Savoy and Nice by striking a blow at Naples. The opportunity was favourable; Ferdinand was dead; his weak and youthful successor no formidable opponent. In the first instance Cavour felt his way independently of the republican party; he selected as his instrument one Nisco, who had been lately liberated from political imprisonment under the amnesty proclaimed by Francis on his accession.

noble, Ricasoli; they remembered his support of the Grand Duke, in 1849, and suspected him of Conservative tendency; they therefore opened a negociation with the French party to act against the common foe, and on the promise of a million of francs, Garibaldi sealed the compact. Ricasoli fell. Rattazzi succeeded, the money was paid, but the Republicans obtained no further share of the spoil; no support in their schemes of aggression; and the fruits of their disappointment resulted in the abortive attempt at Sarnico and in the humiliation and capture of their chief at Aspromonte.

From the facts above mentioned we see at a

Cavour's plan was to bribe the Neapolitan army; and Nisco, furnished with a large sum of money, opened negotiations, first with General Nunziante, and later with the Prince of Syracuse, the King's uncle. The Prince and the General were the only fruits of Nisco's mission, which in other respects proved a failure, but the pair of traitors retired to Turin, to receive the reward of their treachery; the Prince an ample pension, the General a high command in the Piedmontese army, and subsequently the governorship of Alexandria. Our readers will perhaps remember the letter addressed on the 24th August, 1860, by the Prince of Syracuse to his nephew, urging the cession of Naples; and will readily ap-glance the cause of Garibaldi's late failure. Garipreciate the motives by which it was dictated. Finding simple corruption of no avail, Cavour, in March, 1860, had recourse to another expedient. The late disgraceful surrender of Nice and Savoy had incensed the party of action against his government; and to regain their allegiance, as well as to forward his own policy, Cavour assented to Garibaldi's expedition against Sicily. We cannot atWe cannot attempt here an elaborate recital of these intrigues; but the admission of Cavour's own agents, and the debates in the Turin Chambers, have given to the world all the leading details.

The owners of the vessel which conveyed Garibaldi to Marsala were compensated by the government; the arms carried by the volunteers were furnished from a Piedmontese fortress; Admiral Persano convoyed this expedition, with orders to resist any attacking force, and carried on board his flagship the Piedmontese Lafarina (afterwards Governor of Sicily), and Count Trecchi, King Victor Emmanuel's confidential aide-de-camp; the volunteers who reinforced the expedition were franked to the seaports, drilled, and shipped at the government expense, and Piedmontese soldiers disguised in red shirts were frequent in their ranks. On the 4th August the Piedmontese "statuto" was proclaimed by Depretis, and subsequently the government of the island was administered, in the name of Victor Emmanuel, by a staff of officials sent from Turin.

On the 8th of September Persano anchored at Naples, and landed Piedmontese regiments to strengthen the "Liberator." Thenceforward the mask was thrown off, and the Piedmontese army took the offensive in sober earnest.

By their exertions the successes of Volturno, Isernia, and Garigliano were gained, and Gaeta invested, and finally, on the 7th of November, Victor Emmanuel, styled in irony Il re Galantuomo, entered the capital of his kinsman and ally, after a series of acts of duplicity and treachery which have few historical parallels. Garibaldi's part for the time was played. On the 9th he retired to Caprera, and took leave of his comrades in these words, "To arms all! all! If the month of March, 1861, does not find a million of Italians under arms, alas for Italian existence."

The month of March came, but brought no million of armed Italians. For the most part they were sick of fighting. The squabbles of the representative chamber, and the influence of Cavour for a time checked the party of action, but the accession to power of Ricasoli was the signal for renewed action. Garibaldi and his friends disliked the Tuscan

baldi is a brave soldier, an able partisan leader, but without Piedmontese assistance he never could have hoped for success in 1860. Consequently, in 1862, when the Government went against him, the sinews of war were wanting, and so the bubble burst, this house of cards fell to the ground.

We also learn another truth, new to some of us, namely, that the great high minded patriot is but a frail mortal, capable of very common-place intrigues, and of playing fast and loose with rival politicians. His motives are clear enough. He seeks Italian unity, but through the Italian Republe one and indivisible. The cry of "Victor Emmanuel" was raised only to further an ulterior object to be thrown aside when the Triumvirate should be proclaimed in the Capitol with the party of action at the head of affairs. If Italy is ever to become a great and strong power, and induce France and Austria to restore her unity, she cannot accomplish her desire at the hands of revolutionary adventurers. Her statesmen must trace the paths of moderation, reform the internal administration of the country, put a stop to wholesale military massacre and political imprisonment, raise states of siege, obtain a fair representation of property and intelligence in the Lower Chamber, to the exclusion of the mass of adventurers who now crowd the benches, and above all, abandon for the present any attempt at territorial aggrandisement.

May we also venture to hope that Englishmen will see through the political mist which surrounds them, and exchange a region of romance for a few grains of common sense. We may justly admire Garibaldi, his indomitable courage, his fertile resources, his skilful dispositions; but supporters of our ancient institutions, of our Church and State, may not choose for a hero one who has done his best to damage the monarchical form of government in Italy, and who, with his latest political breath, approves the events of 1793, and advocates the worship of the goddess of reason.

The Meeting at Wycombe.

HAT the recent Meeting at High Wycombe, at which the leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons spoke at large on the prospects of the Church of England, should have been very unfavourably criticised by all who are jealous of the Church was only to have been expected. Such criticism, indeed, is the best tribute to the real significance of the meeting, and

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