(g) 98. Engravings and Prints, 8 Geo. 2, c. 13; 7 Geo. 3, c. 38; 17 Geo. 3, c. 57; decisions, Chit. Col. Stat. 192; 4 Bing. 234.

(h) 98. Patterns on Linen, &c. 27 Geo. 3, c. 38; 34 Geo. 3, c. 23; decisions, Chit. Col Stat. 195.

(i) 98. Patents, 21 Jac. 1, c. 3; Godson on Patents; 3 Chit. Col. Stat. 197.

(k) 139. Some of these statutes expressly prescribe the remedy, as 54 Geo. 3, c. 156, s. 4; Id. c. 56, s. 3; 8 Geo. 2, c. 13, s. 1; 17 Geo. 3, c. 57, s. 1; 27 Geo. 3, c. 38, s. 2. The penalties are not recoverable unless the requisites of the statute have been complied with, 1 Bla. R. 333; 7 T. R. 620. But it is otherwise as to an action on the case, 7 T. R. 620. See 2 Chit. Pl. 760 to 768.

(1) 2 Sim. & Stu. 1.

(m) 140. Post, ch. viii.; 3 Meriv. 624; 2 Ves. & B. 218; 3 Ves. & B. 17; 17 Ves. 422; 1 Jac. & W. 481; 1 Madd. Ch. Prac. 157 to 165; 2 Bla. C. 407, note 14; 3 Id. 427, note 1; 3 Chit. Com. L. 622; 3 Chit. Eq. Dig. Injunction, 1054.

(a) Constitute a right to receive money or to the performance of some contract.

(0) 140. ch. vii. Set-off by plea or notice; 2 G. 2, c. 92, s. 13; 8 Id. c. 24, s. 4. But not to judgments or records if set-off be due on simple contract. See 6 Taunt. 176; 8 Bing. 202; 7 Id. 29, 61. May be by

2. Entry for forfeiture.(*) 3. Action, covenant.(a)

1. Set-off.(b)

2. Rent, distress.(c) 3. Action, assumpsit.(d) 4. Action, debt.(e)

motion to Court to set off one judgment against the other, 8 Bing. 202; and even to stay execution till the latter can be effected, 7 Bing. 435. In bankruptcy, Geo. 4, c. 16, s. 50; 8 B. & Cres. 105.

(p) 140, 141. Gilb. Debt, 391, 392; 1 Chit. Pl. 126.

(q) Tidd's Prac. 9 ed. 1122, 23; 2 Saund. R. 72. (r) See note (0), supra. Always by plea, 8 Geo. 2, c. 24, s. 4. 140. ch. vii. For rent, or rent charge, or annuity, when, 4 Geo. 2, c. 28, s. 5.

(s) 141. Com. Dig. Debt, A. 1.

(t) 141. 2 Ld. Raym. 1536. Com. Dig. Covenant, A. 1.

(u) Ch. x. Specific performance when compelled in equity.

(x) 141. Ante, note.

(y) 141. Injunction when granted against breach of contract, covenant, or trust, post, ch. viii. (*) 288.

(a) Ante, note.

(b) Ante, note(a). May purposely purchase goods and set off the price against a prior debt, post, ch. vii. (c) 140. Not unless under a demise, post, ch. vii. (d) 141. In all cases of contract not under seal. (e) Not if money payable by instalments, and all not due or against executor, 1 Hen. B. 547; 5 Bing. 200. d 2

(f) 142, note (d). If fraud in purchase and credit not expired, the declaration must be in case, 9 B. & Cres. 59.

(g) Post, ch. viii. Injunction against paying when, Chit. Eq. Dig. 1056.

(h) 125. When may take, 7 B. & Cres. 26; Shep. Touch. 225; Long on Personal Property, 147, 148; Roberts's Stat. Frauds, 165 to 170. When not, 1 Taunt. 318; 2 Campb. 240; 5 Bar. & Ald. 492; 2 Bos. & P. 584; Cowp. 294; although purchaser paid the price in advance, see cases 3 Chit. Com. L. 126, and case, as to loss by fire, 6 Bar. & Ald. 360.

(i) 125. 7 B. & Cres. 26; detinue when for a specific chattel sold, last note, Fit. N. B. 138; Willes, 120; 1 Dyer, 24, b. ; 3 Woodes. 104; 2 Bla. C. 152. (k) 3 Price's R. 68; 1 East, 203.

(1) Post, chap. x. When it lies, Chitty, Eq. Dig. Chattels Personal, and post.

(m) 126. In case of warranty of a specific chattel purchaser may immediately refuse to take, but cannot return it after once accepting, except where fraud or express agreement, 2 Bar. & Adol. 456. But goods ordered generally, if unfit, may be returned in a reasonable time, Id. ibid.

(n) 126. If property returned immediately, may resist any payment, 2 Taunt. 2; aliter not, 2 Bar. & Adol. 456.

(0) 126. May reduce damages by proof of breach of warranty. 2 Bar. & Adol. 456.

(p) 126. Action assumpsit on express, Id.; post, chap. x.; 2 East, 451.

2. Case. (a)

Action, when, or not. (b) Bill in equity. (c)

or

(q) 126. Dougl. 21.; 2 Starkie's R. 162; 2 East, 446; 4 Bing. 73. This is the proper remedy when there is deceit without warranty, 12 East, 11; 4 Campb. 22.

(r) Post, chap. x. (s) Post, chap. viii.

(t) 6 East, 569; 4 Bar. & Cres. 345.

(u) When a breach of contract is also a breach of duty, or misfeazance, or malfeazance, and not a mere omission, case lies, per Bayley, J. 5 Bar. & Cres. 605; 5 T. R. 142; 1 Chit. R. 1; 1 Chit. Pl. 153 to 155. (a) See c. viii.; 2 Swanst. 253; 2 Mad. 198. (y) 142. Assumpsit.

(2) 142. Case when, see note (u).

(a) 142. When the only proper remedy, 4 Campb. 22, 144, 169; 12 East, 11. Case for deceit is the proper action when the credit on which goods were sold has not expired, 9 B. & C. 59.

(b) 110 to 114. As to legacies in general, see Roper on Legacies, and Chit. Eq. Dig. Legacy. For a legacy of a specific personal or real chattel after assent trover, if personal, and ejectment, if chattel real, lies, 3 East's R.120; 3 Atk. 224, 284; Cowp. 284, 289. So assumpsit lies for a legacy after executor's promise to pay in consideration of forbearance, aliter not, 5 T. R. 693; 1 Moore & P. 209; 7 Bar. & Cres. 542. So if executor has borrowed the legacy, 1 Moore & P. 209.

(c) 110. Chit. Eq. Dig. Legacies, viii., 4; 3 Ridg. P. C. 243. Not in Eccles. Court, if devise of land to pay debts, 9 Bar. & Cres. 489.

TY.()

2. Larceny

Indictment. (i)

Indictment. (k)

3. Embezzlement Indictment.

4. False Pre

tences........ Indictment. (1)

5. Stealing or in

juring records,

&c..

6. Concealing or

Indictment. (m)

destroying will Indictment. (n)

(q)

(d) 8 Bar. & Cres. 151; 2 Man. & Ryl. 136, when

Dot.

(e) 110. 7 Bar. & Cres. 542; when otherwise, 1 Moore & P. 209; 3 Bar. & Cres. 623; 3 Price's R. 54; 4 Taunt. 488, 779, 847; 6 Taunt. 522.

(f) Chit. Eq. Dig. Distribution.

(g) 14 Geo. 3, c. 78, s. 41; Chit. Col. Stat. Building Act; 2 Chit. Pl. 247.

(k) 144. Forgery, 11 Geo. 4 and 1 Wm. 4, c. 66. (144. Larceny, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 29. (k) Id. ibid. Embezzlement.

(1) Id. ibid. False Pretences. But the raising money on a second mortgage, concealing the first, is not a false pretence, Rex v. Coddrington, Car. & P.661. Indictment lies at common law for conspiracy.

(m) 143. Injuring records, &c, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 29, s. 21.

(n) 144. Concealing or destroying a will or titledeeds, Id. sect. 29, 23.

(0) 145. Real property defined, 145 to 150. I. THE RIGHTS TO REAL PROPERTY CONSIDERED, 145 to 373. Of real property in general, and distinction between corporeal and incorporeal, 145 to 147; then an analytical division of the subject under seven heads is given, 145 to 147. First, the different kinds, under which ten general legal terms are considered, with their respective different civil and criminal injuries and offences, remedies and punishments, affecting each, 151 to 163. Then are enumerated thirty-nine principal corporeal real things, with their peculiar civil and criminal injuries and offences, remedies and punishments applicable to each, 163 to 203. Then thirteen kinds of incorporeal real things, with the pe

1. Resistance. 2. Re-entry. (t) 3. Equity, injunction. (u)

culiar civil and criminal injuries, remedies, and punishments applicable to each, 203 to 229. Secondly, the different tenures, whether freehold or copyhold, &c. 229 to 238. Thirdly, the different estates or quantities of interest in real property, 238 to 264. Fourthly, the times of enjoyment, as whether in possession, remainder, or reversion, 264 to 268. Fifthly, the number of owners, as whether in Severalty, Coparcenery, Joint-tenancy, or in Common, 268 to 272. Sixthly, the titles or modes of acquiring or losing an interest in real property, 272 to 365. Seventhly, the distinction between legal and equitable interests, 365 to 373. II. and III. INJURIES, OFFENCES, REMEDIES, AND PUNISHMENTS relating to real property, 373 to 413. These latter are stated in the above analysis, which points out the usual injuries and remedies, civil and criminal.

(p) 150. Distinctions between corporeal and incorporeal property, 150, 203 to 205.

(q) 264 to 268. Difference between an estate in possession, remainder, and reversion, 264 to 268. Estate in remainder will not confer a settlement or prevent right, &c., the estate must be vested in possession, Rex v. Willoughby with Sloothby, 10 B. & Cres. 62. When possession in fact is essential to support trespass, post, 381; 5 East, 485; 16 East, 33; 8 Taunt. 742; 3 Moore, 96; S. C. 7 B. & Cres. 399; 2 B. & Ald. 470; 1 Chit. Pl. 5th edit. 202 to 205.

(r) 374, 375. Ouster defined, Co. Lit. 199, 200. (s) 375. Post, c. vii. Resistance may be with force, but not using a dangerous instrument, 2 Salk. 641. (t) 375. How to be made, post, c. vii. (u) 375. How, post, c. viii.

(x) 375, 376. How to proceed, post, c. x.

(continued.)

4. Justices restoring possession.(x) 5. Justices, where half year's rent in arrear. (y)

6. Double value. (z)

7. Double rent. (a)

8. Action, treble damages for eviction of freeholder. (b)

9. Indictment, forcible entry and restitution. (c)

10. Justice's

pauper. (d)

summons

against

11. Equity against trustees. (e)

12. Action, ejectment. (ƒ)

13. Writ of dower. (g)

14. Bill of peace to quiet possession. (h)

15. Punishment by indictment for forcible entry. (i)

1. Prevention. (1)

1. Resistance. (1)

2. What instruments may be set. (m)

3. Driving off cattle. (n)

4. Distress, damage-feasant,

(0)

5. Apprehending trespasser.
(p)

6. Bill, injunction. (q)
7. Bill of peace. (r)

2. Compensation.

1. Summary, justices. (s)

2. Summary, game. (t)

3. Action, trespass. (u) 3. Indictment, when. (v)

(a) 377. 11 Geo. 2, c. 19, s. 18.

(b) 377. 8 Hen. 6, c. 9. Only a freeholder, 8 B. & Cres. 409.

(c) 377, 378. Ibid.; 31 Eliz. c. 11. Restitution afforded even to a leaseholder or copyholder, 21 Jac. 1, c. 15. Punishment by indictment at common law, see post, Criminal Injuries and Punishments.

(d) 378. Pauper or other detaining possession of parish houses or land, 59 Geo. 3, c. 12, s. 24, 25. (e) 378.

(f) 379, 380. Action of ejectment in general. (g) 380. Remedy at law or in equity, which preferable.

(h) Post, c. viii.

(i) Post, 401, on statutes, or at common law. (k) 380. What or not a trespass, Id. ibid. 9 B. & Cres. 591; 11 Mod. 74, 130; 1 Stark. R. 22, 58; 4 Campb. 220. A mere continuance is not a trespass, 380, 381, 382. Nor a mere omission; as not removing tithes, &c.

(4) 381. Preventions, with what force and by what means, post, c. vii.; 2 Salk. 641; 7 Bing. 316. Must not kill assailant unless to prevent a forcible felony endangering occupier's life, I East's P. C. 273, 287.

(m) 381. Not with spring guns, except in night

Semble, not legal, 4 Bing. 642; post, c. vii. ferocious dogs, &c. ; 4 Car. & P. 297; post, c. vii. (n) Ch. vii.

As to

(o) 381, 382. post, c. vii. Cannot distrain chattel in actual possession, 6 T. R. 138. Aliter, as to seizure under recent acts, see note, infra.

(p) 381, 382. Under Game Act, 1 & 2 Will. 4, c. 32. May apprehend depredators in general found committing, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 29, s. 43, and c. 30, s. 22. By deer-keepers, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 29, s. 29. Nets and fishing-tackle, Ibid. s. 34, 35; post, 408. Criminal Injuries and c. vii.

(9) 381. Injunction to prevent wilful trespasses and damage, c. viii.

(r) Bill of peace to prevent repeated litigation, post,

c. viii.

、

(s) 381. 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 29, depredations in nature of larceny compensated summarily. Wilful or malicious damages, injuries, or spoil, not exceeding 5. compensated summarily, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 30, s. 24, 34; post, 407, Criminal Injuries.

(t) 381. 1 & 2 Will. 4, c. 32, post, 403, Crim. Inj. (u) 382. No more costs than damages unless verdict for 40s., or judge certifies trespass wilful, &c., 22 Car. 2, c. 9.

(v) No indictment for a trespass, unless a forci

1. Subject-matter.

2. Rights.

III. REAL PROPER

TY.
1. Corporeal
(continued.)

Indictment of rioters. (x)

1. Removal. (3)

2. Distress, damage-feasant. (a) 3. Action, case. (b)

ble entry, 3 Burr. 1701, 1706, 1731; 8 T. R. 360; not even for a conspiracy to enter a preserve and kill game, 13 East, 228; except certain entries for night peaching, 10 B. & Cres. 89; post, 401.

(w) 172, 173, 174, 410. Action, case, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 31; Chit. Col. Stat. tit. Hundred. A reversioner may sue, 9 B. & Cres. 135; 4 M. & Ryl. 130. The building must have been complete and inhabited, 8 B. & Cres. 461.

(r) 172, 173, 410, 411. 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 30.

(y) 382. Mere omissions are not trespasses, and the remedy is in general case, as not removing tithe, 1 Stra. 634; continuing an incumbrance after recovery in trespass, 380 to 382; 1 Stark. R. 22.

(1) Can only remove, after request, to a proper distance, semble, 1 Stark. R. 173 to 178.

(a) May distrain damage-feasant, but cannot turn in cattle, 8 T. R. 72.

(b) Action, case, not trespass, 1 Ld. Raym. 187; 3 Burr. 1891; 8 T. R. 72; 3 B. & Cres. 213; 2 Chit. Pl. 782.

(e) Remove to proper distance, 1 Stark. R. 22, 173; 4 T. R. 364; 3 Chit. Pl. 109.

(d) 3 Wils. 20; 1 Saund. 221; Com. Dig. Pl.

M. 26.

(e) Case, not trespass, after a recovery in trespass, 1 Stark. R. 22, 58, 59; 9 B. & Cres. 591. So against a mere continuer of a trespass erected or made by another party.

() 382. As to the obligation to repair fence, 193

....

2. Action, trespass.(g)

3. Action, case for.(g)

4. Defence of action of trespass.(h)

5. Writ to compel repair.(i)
6. Proceedings under inclosure
act.(k)

7. Punishment for crim. injuries.(1)

1. Prevention.(n)

1. Abatement.(n)

2. Injunction.(o)

2. Compensation.

1. Justices, summary.(p)

2. Action, case.(q)

3. Indictment, if also public. (r)

Action, case. (s)

to 197; Vin. Ab. Fences.

(g) 382. 1 Salk. 335; 2 Young & J. 391; 1 B. & Ald. 59; 1 Ld. Raym. 273.

(h) 3 Chit. Pl. 5th edit. 1103 to 1105, and notes. (i) 382, 383.

(k) 41 Geo. 3, c. 109, s. 19, 24 to 28; Chit. Col. Stat. tit. Commons.

(1) 196, 197, post, 407, Criminal Injuries. (m) 383.

(n) 383. How and when, 2 Smith's Rep. 9; 2 Salk. 459. By leet jury, Burn's J. Nuisance, 1II.

(0) 383. Chap. viii. Chit. Eq. Dig. 1055. Against darkening ancient lights, Id. 1053; 2 Russ. R. 121; 2 Swanst. R. 333; 16 Ves. 338. Against powder mills, 19 Ves. 617; 18 Ves. 211.

(p) Semble, 7 & 8 Geo. 4, c. 30, s. 24. (q) 383 to 385. 267.

(r) 412. Only indictable when the nuisance was public, not if merely private, Burn's J. Nuisance, IV. Judgment is to prostrate building if necessarily a nuisance, 8 T. R. 166. Aliter, only to stop the improper use of the building, Co. Ent. 92.

(s) 2 Stark. R. 377; 5 B. & Ald. 837; 1 Dowl. & R. 837. When it lies, 1 Dowl. & R. Cas. N. P. 35; 3 Stark. R. 162. But a reversioner cannot sue without proof of actual injury, 10 B. & C. 145. A person must build independently on his own land, and cannot sue for not propping up his house whilst pulling down another, &c. 9 B. & Cres. 735.