1 Black do. do. 1 Brindle milch cow, 1 Brown do. (Residue of stock, except it be a flock of sheep, or A bond or writing obligatory executed by C. F. dat- A promissory note, executed by A. G. 1st July, A ballance certified on book* by F. O. 10th Dec. Total, $ 2000 A. M.Executors of, &c. of Ulster County, ss. We the subscribers do hereby certify that we have appraised the several head of cattle and articles in the above inventory contained, at the valuations and prices as therein set opposite to each of the same respectively. Given under our hands this twelfth day of May, in the year 1816. L.N. Appraisers. NO. IV. BOND FOR ADMINISTRATION. Know all men by these presents, that we, A. B., C. D. and E. F. all of Kingston, in the county of Ulster, are held and firmly bound unto the people of the state of New-York, in the sum of one thousand dollars, current money of the said state, to be paid to the said people; to the which payment well and truly to be made, we do bind ourselves, and each of us, our and each of our heirs, executors, and administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. Sealed with our seals. Dated this tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. The condition of this obligation is such, That if the above bounden A. B. and C. D. administrators of all and singular the goods, chattels and credits of L. O. late of Kingston aforesaid, deceased, do make, or cause to be made, a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, chattels and credits of the said deceased, which have or shall come to the hands, possession or knowledge of the said A. B. and C. D. or into the hands or possession of any other person or persons for the said A. B. and C. D. and the same so made, do exhibit or cause to be exhibited, into the office of the surrogate of the county of Ulster, at or before the expiration of six calendar months from the date of the above written obligation, and the same goods, chattels and redits, and all other goods, chattels and credits of the said deceased, at the time of his death, which at any time afterwards shall come to the hands or possession of the said A. B. and C. D. or into the hands or possession of any other person or persons for the said A. B. and C. D. do well and truly administer according to law: And further, when thereunto lawfully required, do make, or cause to be made, a just and true account of administration; and if it shall hereafter appear, that any last will and testament was made by the said deceased, and the executor or executors therein named, or any other person or persons, do exhibit the same, and request to have it allowed and approved, then if the said A. B. and C. D. being thereunto required, de render and deliver the letters of administration, granted on the estate of the said deceased, to the office from which the same were issued, then this obligation to be void and of none effect, or else to remain in full force and virtue. Sealed and delivered In the presence of A. B. (L.S.) L. S. } LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION, NO. V. The people of the state of New-York, by the grace, of God, free and independent: To A. B. and C. D. of Kingston, in the county of Ulster, send greeting: Whereas L. O. of Kingston aforesaid, lately died intestate, as is alledged, having whilst ly P ing, and at the time of his death, goods, chattels or credits with in this state, by means whereof the ordering and granting administration of all and singular the said goods, chattels and credits, and also the auditing, allowing and finally discharging the account thereof doth appertain unto us; and we being desirous that the goods, chattels and credits of the said deceased may be well and faithfully administered, applied and disposed of, Do grant unto you the said A. B. and C. D. full power, by these presents, to administer and faithfully dispose, of all and singular the said goods, chattels and credits; to ask, demand, recover and receive, the debts which unto the said deceased, whilst living and at the time of his death, did belong, and to pay the debts which the said deceased did owe, so far as such goods, chattels and credits will thereunto extend and the law require: Hereby requiring you to make, or cause to be made, a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, chattels and credits of the said deceased, which shall or have come to your hands, possession or knowledge; and the same to exhibit, or cause to be exhibited, in the office of the surrogate of the said county of Ulster, at or before the expiration of six calendar months from the date hereof; and also to render a just and true account of administration, when thereunto required: And we do, by these presents depute, constitute and appoint you the said A. B. and C. D. administrators of all and singular the goods, chattels and credits which were of the said L. O. In testimony whereof, we have caused the seal of office of our said surrogate to be hereunto affixed. Witness D. B. surrogate of said county, at Kingston the tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. NO. VI. FEES OF THE SURROGATE. For administering an oath, twelve and a half cents. Drawing the proof of a will, or codicil, or the appointment of a guardian, nineteen cents for each sheet containing one hundred and twenty-eight words. The probate of a will, and letters testamentary thereon, or letters of administration, or making a copy of the appointment of guardian, nineteen cents for each sheet containing one hundred and twenty-eight words. The seal to the same, seventy-five cents. The bond upon granting the letters of administration, or the appointment of a guardian, fifty cents. Recording wills, codicils, and the proof thereof, and letters testamentary, and letters of administration or appointment of guardians, nineteen cents for each sheet containing one hundred and twenty-eight words. And whenever any will shall be made in any other than the English language, and proved and recorded, the surrogate or judge of the court of probates, as the cause may require, shall be entitled to receive, in addition, twelve and a half cents for every hundred and twenty-eight words of a translation of such will. For every allowance or appointment of a guardian, one dollar and fifty cents. Entering and filing a caveat, nineteen cents. Filing every petition for the sale of any real estate, twelve and a half cents. Making and entering every order thereon, seventy-five cents. Every decree or order for the sale of any real estate, thres dollars and seventy-five cents. A citation for witnesses, or any other purpose, including the seal, seventy-five cents. Taking, entering and filing a renunciation, thirty-seven and a half cents. Filing an inventory, twelve and a half cents. Searching the records in his office for any one year, twelve and a half cents, and for every other year in which such search is made, six cents. Taking depositions, nineteen cents for each sheet containing one hundred and twenty-eight words. Copies of records or depositions, when required, twelve and a half cents for each sheet containing one hundred and twentyeight words. For hearing and determining where a will or administration is contested, two dollars and fifty cents. The seal to exemplifications, seventy-five cents; but no fee shall be demanded or taken by any surrogate, in any case where it shall appear to him, by the oath of the person applying for letters testamentary or of administration, that the goods chattels and credits of the testator or intestate, do not exceed the value of thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents, JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Justices of the peace derive their origin in this state, as in Eng land, from statute law: yet in that country there were certain common law conservators of the peace, who in respect of their offices had power to keep the peace. The first institution of this office in England, as analagous to it here and as we propose to investigate it in this chapter, was by statute of queen Elizabeth, which authorized: "That for the better keeping and maintaining of the peace, the king willeth, that in every county good and lawful men, which were no maintainers of evil, or barrators in the county, should be assigned to keep the peace,' The act of our legislature, passed the 13th April, 1813, entitled, "an act declaring the powers and duties of justices of the peace,' ," provides, "That in every county of this state fit and discreet men shall from time to time be appointed and commissioned justices to keep the peace in the same counties respectively, who shall have power jointly and severally to cause to be kept all laws made for the preservation and good of the peace." THE COMMISSION. The commission of the justices of the peace begins with a salutation from the people of the state of New-York to the first judge of the common pleas, the judges of the common pleas, the assistant justices, and the mere justices, naming each of them by their proper names. It then assigns them jointly and sever ally to keep the peace in such county and to cause to be kept all laws and ordinances, made or to be made for the good of the peace and quiet rule of the inhabitants of the said state, and to chastise or bind over with security for good behaviour all offenders against the laws, or disturbers of the peace, and if they refuse to find such security, then to commit them to prison until they find such security. And it further assigns power to the said justices, or any three or more of them to hold a Court of |