worn out with labors and anxieties. In a lower corner is the head of BEZALIEL WELLS, founder of the town, and that of his wife. They are from oil paintings, and are fine faces of marked character. The head of JAMES HUNTER, the first child born on the soil, appears as a very old man with a strong face and long gray locks, combed behind his ears. Near the portrait of Stanton is the beautiful face and head of Colonel GEORGE McCOOK (see Vol. I., p. 365), as he was in his prime; also the heads of Major-General DANIEL MCCOOK, killed at Peach Tree Orchard, and General ROBERT L. McCook, murdered by guerillas. On the extreme right is the head of Judge HUMPHREY HOWE LEAVITT, once a citizen of this town, later a citizen of Cincinnati, where, on the bench, in his capacity of District Judge of the United States Supreme Court, he sat on the case of Clement L. Vallandigham. He was long an honored citizen of Cincinnati, and an old neighbor and a personal friend, and it did me good to look upon his kindly, benignant face among the six hundred. He was an old-style gentleman, a Presbyterian in faith, very modest and quiet, and simple in speech and manner; had but a few words; was a godly, dignified man. We had marked time together in a company of the Home Guards, called the "Silver Grays"-because all the members were over forty-five years of agewhen Cincinnati was threatened by Kirby Smith. I missed his presence when we crossed the river to meet the foe. Like myself, I suppose, he did not ache to kill anybody. Here are the heads of Benjamin Tappan, Thomas L. Jewett, Rev. C. C. Beatty, Rev. George Buchanan-who here preached for forty years in the United Presbyterian Church -with numerous other local celebrities. Among these, on his couch of suffering, is the recumbent form of little Bennie Shaw, the only portrait where more than the head and bust are shown. Heads of manly vigor and womanly virtue look down upon you as when among these earthly scenes, and they all preach to you-these six hundred dead. I felt it with inexpressible awe, for only a few hours before, while in an abstracted state of mind, a train of cars was slowly, silently backing through a narrow alley upon me, and I only escaped by the fraction of a second from being crushed under the remorseless wheels. From the grave to the gay is the story of life. The sun carries the morning on her wings and night flees at her coming. An Easy Talker.-As I sat gazing upon the faces of those six hundred dead, impressed by their, as I felt, living presence, an old gentleman, large, fleshy, with rotund visage, rosy cheeks and smiling eyes, came in by invitation of Mr. Filson to tell me of the olden time; and this he did with an ease and deliberation of speech that was charming. With him every sentence, as a printer would say, was wide-spaced, as if with em-quadrats, and every word the exact word for the place 66 it was put; and there were no "doublets" nor outs anywhere in his speech. This was FRANCIS ASBURY WELLS, son of Bezaliel Wells, who laid out the town. As his name indicates, his parents were Methodists, and so named him after the renowned Bishop Asbury. "From an old book," said he, "I find it was August 25, 1797, that my father, after laying out the town, sold the first lots. They were 60 X 180 feet, and sold for from $60 to $180 per lot. About the year 1819 the first steamboat was built here, and named from him Bezaliel Wells-the boys called it 'Beelzebub.' It had brick chimneys, and they were built by Ambrose Shaw; they were not finished when she started on her first trip, which was for Pittsburg. Mr. Shaw finished them between here and Brown's island, seven miles north. "My father, with others, in 1814 built the first woollen factory, I believe, west of the mountains. I have here [showing it to me] a silver medal presented in 1824 to Wells & Co. by the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, as a 'reward of skill and ingenuity.' This was in consequence of their having sent a piece of broadcloth to them on exhibition. Memento of the Harrison Campaign. -Mr. Wells showed to me a memento of the Harrison campaign of 1840. It was a brass button, with a plough in front, a log-cabin in the centre, and a barrel of hard cider in one corner. During that campaign," said he, "I wore a Kentucky jeans suit buttoned with these buttons, and with my brother and others I manufactured a kind called Tippecanoe jeans-a sort of gray mixed. We sent suits both to General Harrison and Henry Clay." When Lafayette visited this country, in 1825, he came up the Ohio from Cincinnati, and it was expected would stop here. My father got his woollen factory in order, intending to show it to him and give him a big reception here. He was sadly disappointed, for, owing to the low stage of water, Lafayette could get no farther than Wheeling, twenty-two miles below, and so went by stage to Pittsburg, where father went to see him. On meeting Lafayette he conversed with him. upon the subject of raising wool in Jefferson county, and the trouble they had of raising sheep owing to the depredations of dogs. Lafayette told him that in France they had a breed of shepherd-dogs, very large, of great sagacity, which were used in driving and protecting their flocks. "Old a country as France is, and strange as you may think it,' said Lafayette, our mountains are infested with wolves which commit depredations upon our sheep. I will send you a pair for breeding." In due time they came, and were quite prolific. They were a noble species, white with generally golden-hued spots; resembled the English mastiff, and were found extremely useful, but in time run out by mongrel associates. One of them one day followed my brother Alexander to market when a large, ferocious bull-dog, encouraged by his master, attacked him. The butchers formed a ring around them expecting the bull-dog to conquer. He had seized the shepherd-dog by the throat. The skin there was tough, and so loose that the other was enabled to twist his head around and grasp the bull's head, and soon the bones were heard to crack. The master of the bull then interfered. No," said the others, we formed a ring to see fair play; you set him on and now we will see it out.' And they did. The shepherd-dog had got his spunk up, and they heard the crunching of the bones, and quickly the bull-dog yielded up the ghost. I conclude these notes with some more reminiscences of the early days of Edwin Stanton, from Mr. John McCracken. Nothing is too small to narrate that illustrates the characteristics of that great man. I was a schoolmate with the Stanton boys, Edwin and his younger brother, Darwin, and lived opposite. The boys had for pets, which they kept in their house, some black and garter-snakes. They would bring the snakes out, sit on their doorstep and let them crawl over them. I joined them and let them crawl over me. I was then about thirteen, Darwin the same and Edwin sixteen. The Stanton homestead was on the west side of Third street, between Market and Washington_streets. Opposite their house was Isaac Jenkinson's hotel, the principal hotel of the town. In the rear was noble grove. There under the trees I have seen General Jackson and Henry Clay take dinner. a I was very intimate with Stanton. A most famous case in which he was engaged was He wherein the firm of Gano, Thomas & Talbot, pork dealers, was sued on a claim involving an immense sum. Stanton travelled all over the country, east and west, for evidence. argued the case from early morning until evening; looked fairly black in the face; was so tired. In the evening the case was given to the jury. I was sitting on the steps when Stanton came out and called to nie. He wanted me to walk with him: said his mind was so excited he could not sleep, and I walked the streets until about six in the morning. When the jury came in the verdict was for Stanton. Stanton studied law with D. L. Collier. I remember on the day he was admitted to the_bar_hearing Collier say he was as capable of practising as he or any other member of the bar. Stanton was a very hard student and very muscular. STEUBENVILLE, the county-seat of Jefferson, is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, 68 miles below Pittsburg and 400 miles above Cincinnati. The average altitude of the city is a little over 700 feet above tide water, surrounded by hills rising several hundred feet higher. The city lies well above the river with a general slope toward it, giving a fine natural drainage. It is 43 miles west of Pittsburg and 150 miles east of Columbus, on the P. C. & St. L. R. R., which crosses the Ohio river at this point. It is also on the C. & P. R. R. The surrounding country abounds in coal and natural gas, with which the city is supplied for manufacturing and other purposes. County Officers: Auditor, William F. Simeral; Clerk, Andrew S. Buckingham; Commissioners, John Underwood, David Simpson, Jacob P. Markle; Coroner, James M. Starr; Infirmary Directors, Eli Fetrow, Thomas Nixon, Charles Barrett; Probate Judge, John A. Mansfield; Prosecuting Attorney, Henry Gregg; Recorder, Jacob Hull; Sheriff, John G. Burns; Surveyor, Samuel Huston; Treasurer, Hugh S. Coble. City Officers: Henry Opperman, Mayor; James Reynolds, Clerk; Wm. McD. Miller, Solicitor; James Beans, Street Commissioner; Wm. M. Scott, Marshal. Newspapers: Gazette, Democrat, McFadden & Hunter, editors and publishers; Germania, German Independent, Max Gescheider, editor and publisher; Herald, Republican, P. B. Coon, editor and publisher; Sunday Life, Independent, A. W. Beach, editor and publisher; Ohio Press, Independent Republican, W. R. Allison, editor; Saturday News, Independent, Frank Stokes, editor and publisher. Churches: 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist Protestant, 1 Christian, 1 American Methodist Episcopal, 2 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Episcopal, 2 Catholic, 1 Baptist, 1 Presbyterian and 2 Lutheran. Banks: Commercial, Sherrard, Mooney & Co.; Miners & Mechanics, Jno. H. Hawkins, president, J. W. Cookson, cashier; Steubenville National, R. L. Brownlee, president, Charles Gallagher, cashier; Union Deposit, Wm. A. Walden, president, Horatio G. Garrett, cashier. Manufactures and Employees.-Hartje Brothers, glazed wrapping paper, 25 hands; Ohio Valley Clay Co., glass melting pots, 38; Jefferson Iron Works, iron and nails, 540; Pearl Mills, flour and feed, 6; Sumner Glass Co., bottles, 140; Gill Brothers & Co., lamp chimneys, etc., 470; Riverside Iron Works, pig-iron, 95; James Means & Co., foundry work, etc., 30; H. J. Betty & Sons, table glassware, 670; Steubenville Steam Laundry, laundrying, 10; Electric Light and Power Co., electric light, 4; Humphry Glass Co., glass novelties, 30; Steubenville Pottery Co., decorated ware, etc., 175; Cyrus Massie, doors, sash, etc., 9; Caswell & Pearce, furniture, 35; W. L. Sharp & Son, stoves, mantles, etc., 55; Robinson, Irwin & Co., machinery, 5; Robert Hyde, doors, sash, etc., 6; L. Anderson & Sons, doors, sash, etc., 15; William McDowell, stairs and stair railings, 4.-State Report, 1888. Population in 1880, 12,092. School census, 1888, 4,382; Henry N. Mertz, school superintendent. Capital invested in industrial establishments, $2,215,600. Value of annual product, $3,007,000. Census, 1890, 13,363. BIOGRAPHY. EDWIN MCMASTERS STANTON was born in Steubenville, December 19, 1814. His boyhood home, of which we give a picture, is yet standing on Third street. This was not his birthplace. By the records his father bought this house when Edwin was three years old, and moved into it. Through Mrs. Wolcott, a sister now living, we learn he was born on Market street, in a house of which only the rear is now standing. It was in the house shown that when a boy he had a museum of butterflies, bugs and other curiosities he had collected. His father, a physician, died in Edwin's boyhood. He entered Kenyon College in 1831, but left two years later to study law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836, beginning practice in Cadiz. He returned to Steubenville in 1839, was Supreme Court Reporter in 1842-5, preparing vols. XI., XII. and XIII. of the Ohio Reports. Removed to Pittsburg in 1848, and in 1857 to Washington. He was engaged by the government in many important land cases. December 20, 1860, he was appointed Attorney-General by President Buchanan to fill the unexpired term of Jeremiah S. Black, who had been appointed Secretary of State. He was called to the head of the War Department by President Lincoln on the retirement of Simon Cameron, January 15, 1862. Mr. Stanton was originally a Democrat of the Jackson school, and until Van Buren's defeat in the Baltimore Convention in 1844 took an active part in political affairs in his locality. He favored the Wilmot proviso to exclude slavery from territory acquired by the war with Mexico, and sympathized with the Free Soil movement headed by Martin Van Buren. He was an anti-slavery man, but his opposition to that institution was qualified by his views of the qualifications imposed by the Federal Constitution. While a member of Mr. Buchanan's Cabinet he took a firm stand for the Union, and at a Cabinet meeting, when John B. Floyd, then Secretary of War, demanded the withdrawal of the United States from the forts in Charleston harbor, be indignantly declared that the surrender of Fort Sumter would, in his opinion, be a crime equal in atrocity to that of Arnold, and that all who participated should be hung like Andre. After the assassination of President Lincoln Secretary Stanton took sides against the new President, Andrew Johnson, in the controversy between him and the Republican party. Johnson demanded his resignation, which he refused; the President then suspended him, but he was restored to office by the Senate. The President then informed the Senate that he had removed Secretary Stanton, but the Senate denied his authority to do this, and Stanton refused to surrender the office. After Mr. Stanton's retirement from office he resumed the practice of law. President Grant appointed him a Justice of the Supreme Court on December 20, 1869, and he was confirmed by the Senate, but died four days later, worn out by his herculean labors for his country. Of Stanton it has been well said: "He was the GIANT of the great war, who more than any other trampled out the rebellion-that more and more as the ages run will history develop this fact." President Lincoln was a politician, statesman and philanthropist, and Gen. Grant was embodied military business, but the mighty public will was concentrated in Stanton, and he brushed aside the failures and pretenders, and the speculators and sentimentalists, and not only gave Grant, Sherman and Sheridan, and those who came to the front when the deadly work was done, a chance, but thrust into their hands the resources of the country, and more than organized victory. He cared nothing for men, everything for the cause of the Union. That he should have made swarms of enemies was of course inevitable; as inevitable as that his full merits should be but slowly recognized. For Stanton was a patriot of so firm and indomitable a character that his purity and singlemindedness belittled and humiliated the crowd of greedy egotists who pushed to the doors of the treasury, and the same qualities even obscured the greatness of all but the greatest of his contemporaries. When the BENJAMIN TAPPAN was born in Northampton, Mass., May 25, 1773, and died in Steubenville, April 12, 1857. He was the son of Benjamin Tappan, a Congregational pastor, and Sarah Holmes, the great-niece of Benjamin Franklin. The original family name was Topham. The Tappans were largely clergymen and educated men. Benjamin Tappan received a publicschool education, and was apprenticed to learn copper-plate engraving and printing. Subsequently he studied law and was admitted to the bar, and began practice in 1799 at Steubenville; was elected to the Legislature in 1803; aide to Gen. William Wadsworth in the war of 1812; after which he served for seven years as President Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit. President Jackson appointed him Judge for the District of Ohio in 1833. From December, 1839, to March, 1845, he served in the United States Senate, as a Democrat. names of Lincoln and Grant have been written there is no other that deserves to be linked with that of Stanton. He was a heaven-sent minister, if ever there was one. Carnot, the organizer of battles, was less to France in the crisis of the Revolution than our War Secretary was to the salvation of the Union. So just, so pure, so incorruptible, so patriotic was he that it seems almost a work of supererogation to attempt the defence of his memory against the base aspersions of his enemies who "with his darkness durst affront this light." His was a soul which could afford to disregard the spite of men, having taken for its standard from the beginning the judgment of God." He was an active leader of his party, but afterward joined in the FreeSoil movement at its inception. Judge Tappan published "Cases Decided in the Court of Common Pleas," with an appendix (Steubenville, 1831). His brother, Arthur Tappan, was the distinguished Abolitionist and philanthropist, President of the American Anti-Slavery Society, founder of the American Tract Society and Oberlin College. A son of Benjamin, Eli T. Tappan, LL. D., was from 1868 to 1875 President of Gambier. Later he received the appointment, under Gov. Foraker, of School Commissioner for Ohio, and died in office 1889, much lamented; he was a man of superior ability and usefulness. Judge Tappan was widely known for his drollery and wit and anti-slavery sentiments. HUMPHREY HOWE LEAVITT was born in Suffield, Conn., June 18, 1796, and died in Springfield, Ohio, in March, 1873. His father removed to Ohio in 1800. He was admitted to the bar in 1816, and settled at Cadiz, but later removed to Steubenville, where he was prosecuting attorney, and successively representative and senator in the Ohio Legislature in 1825-6-7. He was elected as a Jackson Democrat to Congress in 1830, and resigned in 1834 to accept the appointment of President Jackson as Judge of the United States Court for the District of Ohio, |