tles of Missionary Ridge, Kennesaw Mountain, Lookout Mountain, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. Ryan's History of Ohio says of him: "He was mustered out ers. When in service he kept a daily journal, from which we make brief extracts to illustrate the savagery of war. January 4, 1864.-Would like to be in Hillsboro' to-day to go to church. Many a poor soldier to-day hovers over his smoky fire, while the cold, heartless winds come tearing through his thin tent, almost freezing him to death, and yet you hear no word of complaint. They are the bravest men that ever composed an army; and while my suffering is equal to theirs, I feel proud of my condition-a clear conscience that I am doing my duty and this affords me more comfort than all the enjoyments of home. I feel a pride rising in my bosom in realizing that I am a member of the old Fourteenth corps of the Army of the Cumberland. . . CHATTANOOGA, December 4, 1863.-Reached the regiment just in time to go into a fight. Don't like fighting well enough to make a profession of it. War is cruel, and when this conflict is over I shall retire from public life. New Year's Day.-Cold as Greenland. Nothing to eat, scarcely any wood to burn, and enough work for ten men. . . . . CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., December 1, 1863. . . Arrived just in time to engage in the fight. I found the regiment under arms. The army charged Missionary Ridge. Our brigade charged on double quick over two miles and up an awfully steep mountain. I commanded two companies, A and B-brave boys. I threw myself in front of the army, after a brave and brilliant service, when but nineteen years of age. After the war he spent two years at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, and thence went to Cornell University. He graduated there July 1, 1869. In 1879 he was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, which position he held for three years. In 1883 he was nominated for governor, but was defeated by Judge Hoadly, the Democratic candidate. In 1885 he was again nominated and elected. He was renominated and re-elected in 1887. [In 1889 he was again renominated, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate, James E. Campbell, of Butler county.] As His administrations have been marked by a brave and conscientious execution of all duties that are made his under the law. an orator, for fearless and passionate eloquence, he has no superior in the State. He is aggressive, yet attractive in his public declarations, and is recognized by men of all parties as honest and courageous.' In his person Gov. Foraker is remarkably symmetrical, with a well-poised head, and his carriage graceful. In his social intercourse he is winning and attractive to an extraordinary degree. The family are Methodists, and he was named Joseph Benson, the name of the author of the Methodist Commentary on the Bible. That he should when a lad of sixteen be enabled to recruit for the war more men for his company than any other person evinced extraordinary natural persuasive pow THE OLD MILL. and told them to follow. They kept as pretty a line as I ever saw them make on drill. The rebs had two cross fires and a front one. They knocked us around. I reached the top of a hill without a scratch, but just as I leaped over their breastworks a large shell burst just before me. A small fragment put a hole in my cap, knocking it off my head. As soon as I got into the breastworks and the rebs began to fall back, I commenced rallying my men. I had the company about formed when Capt. Curtis, Gen. Turchin's adjutant-general, galloped up and complimented me. . . . . I never wish to see another fight. It is an awful sight to see men shot down all around you as you would shoot a beef. December 2.-There is a hospital in the rear of our camp. You can hear the wounded screaming all through the day. Legs, arms and hands lie before the door They are cutting off more or I less every day OHIO'S WONDERLAND. About thirteen miles east of Hillsborough, near the county line and road to Chillicothe, the Rocky Fork of Paint creek passes for about two miles, previous to its junction with the main stream, through a deep gorge, in some places more than a hundred feet in depth, and forming a series of wild, picturesque views, one of which, at a place called "the narrows," is here represented. In the ravine are numerous caves, which are much visited. One or two of them have been explored for a distance of several hundred yards. The above paragraph is all that is given in our original edition of what is now the most attractive scenic spot in all this region of country. A writer in the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, under the title of "Ohio's Wonderland," gives an interesting description, from which we abridge the following: The lover of the wild, the rugged and the romantic can in this locality find something new at every step he takes. There are no high mountains to climb, but there are caves to explore, and chasms, cascades, terraces, waterfalls, grottos, etc., without number. As the crow flies it is about seventy-five miles east from Cincinnati, and fourteen east of Hillsboro'; a pleasant way to get there from Hillsboro' is by carriage. There is a wellkept hotel conveniently located, with all the outfits necessary for boating, fishing and exploring. Prof. Orton, in his geological report for 1870, says: This stream-the Rocky Fork -is an important element in the geography of the county, and it also exhibits its geology most satisfactorily. It is bedded in rock from its source to its mouth, and in its banks and bordering cliffs it discloses every foot of the great Niagara formation of the county. At its mouth it has reached the very summit of the system, and the structure of these upper beds it reveals in a gorge whose vertical walls are ninety feet high, and the width of which is scarcely more than two hundred feet. Certain portions of this limestone weather and rain dissolve more easily than the rest, and have been carried away in considerable quantities, leaving overhanging cliffs and receding caves along the lines of its outcrop, and the scenery is the most striking and beautiful of its kind in southeastern Ohio. . . . The limestone abounds in very interesting fossils. The great bivalve shell Megalomus Canadensis is especially abundant, as are also large univalve shells, all of which can be obtained to good advantage near Ogle's distillery. The custom is to enter the gorge at the "Point" near the hotel, and go up through and along it. Weird wonders are revealed at every step; one moment in the shadow of an overhanging cliff bedecked with trailing vines, and ferns and bright-hued wild flowers nodding and waving in all their beauty, nature's own grand conservatory; then a placid sheet of water comes to view, and cascades dancing in the sunlight; there are overhanging rocks under which a score of people could find shelter, and numerous caverns, aside from the four large caves. It The " Dry cave is the first of these. is not so extensive as the others, having a length only of about 300 feet, but some of the chambers are so beautifully set with stalagmite and stalactite formations that it weli repays a visit. The cave is perfectly dry and the air bracing. The "Wet cave," so called from a spring of cold water some 600 feet from its mouth, is a series of chambers in which are found large quantities of white, soapy clay. The arches of this cave are of varied and peculiar shapes and formations, the water that constantly percolates through the rocks and crevices having produced many queer shapes. These drops reflecting the light from the ex plorers' torches give a weird effect, looking like diamonds in the uncertain light above. The "Dancing cave" takes its name from the use it is put to by parties visiting the locality. The large dancing chamber is light and nature has kindly provided stalagmite seats around it for the convenience of her guests. Near this cave are two stone "cairns, but their origin and use are buried in the mysteries of the past. Two hundred yards farther up is a glen, the entrance to "Marble cave,' one of the most beautiful of the group, being especially rich in variety and formation. There are quite a number of chambers in the Marble cave, all of good size. And here across the glen is "Profile Rock." Following a narrow path you pass through "Gypsy Glen," then gaze with awe at Bracket Rock," with an altitude of nearly 100 feet. And then there is a halt and expressions of delight as Mussett Hole" breaks upon the view. A deep little body of water at the base of towering rocks, and on its margin stands a huge monarch of the forest, named the "Boone Tree." Tradition has it that this was a favorite camping ground of the Indians when on their way to Sandusky from Kentucky, and that they always stopped here to rest and fish and hunt. FORT HILL. One of the most interesting of the numerous ancient earthworks in this part of Ohio is Fort Hill; it is especially interesting, because it presents more of the characteristics of a defensive work than any other in the State. It is situated in Brush Creek township, seventeen miles southeast of Hillsborough, and three miles north of Sinking Springs. The work occupies the top of an isolated hill, which has an elevation of five hundred feet above the bed of the East Fork of Brush creek, which skirts the base of the hill on the north and west. The top of the hill is a nearly level plateau of thirty-five acres, enclosed by an artificial wall of stone and earth, excavated around the brink of the hill, interior to the fort. The ditch formed by the excavation is nearly fifty feet wide. The wall or embankment is 8,582 feet long, contains about 50,000 cubic yards of material, has a base averaging twenty-five feet, and an average height of from six to ten feet. There are thirty-three gateways or entrances in the embankment, arranged at irregular intervals, and ranging in width from ten to fifteen feet. At eleven of these openings the interior ditch is filled up. The space enclosed is almost entirely covered with forest, which extends in all directions to the base of the hill. Within the fort are two small ponds, which could be made to retain in rainy weather large quantities of water. The hill near the top is very precipitous, and the fort, as a place of military defence, would be almost impregnable. It overlooks a wide extent of country. A short distance south are remains of earthworks, which indicate the site of an ancient village, the inhabitants of which probably relied upon the fort as a place of defence and protection against an invading enemy. Negotiations were entered into for the purchase and preservation of this work by the Peabody Institute, of Cambridge, Mass., but the purchase has not been made as yet. This institution purchased, explored, restored, and turned into a public park the Serpent Mound, in Adams county, and the State has recently purchased Fort Ancient, with a view to its preservation, and we trust that some means may be consummated for the preservation of this important work. Mr. H. W. Overman has recently made a survey of the fort; the results of which are given in the "Ohio Archæological and Historical Quarterly." He writes: "The vicinity of Fort Hill is by no means void of natural scenery. The channel of Brush creek has cut its way through an immense gorge of Niagara limestone for a distance of two or three miles, forming numer ous cliffs and caverns. On the west side of this gorge, at the foot of Fisher's Hill, is a cave, once occupied by David Davis, an ingenious and eccentric hermit, who made the cavern his home for a number of years from about 1847. He discovered a vein of ore near his abode, from which he manufactured in limited quantities a valuable and durable metallic paint, of a color approaching a rosetint, and of metallic lustre, which gained considerable local reputation. The ore, however, so far as yet discovered, is not in paying quantities. His cave and surrounding scenery, situated as it is in one of the most romantic regions of Southern Ohio, is well worthy of inspection.' THE HARD YEAR. The year 1807 was called the hard year by the early settlers of Highland county. We abridge from an interesting and valuable series of papers on the "History of the Early Settlement of Highland County," published by the Hillsborough Gazette. In the spring of this year hordes of squirrels overran the southern part of the State. They swam the Ohio river in myriads, and the crop just planted was almost entirely taken up. Replanting was resorted to, for corn must be raised; but with like results. Bread was, of course, the first great necessary, and could only be procured by clearing off and cultivating the soil. Wheat, rye, barley, and oats had not yet become articles of common cultivation, the great dependence being Indian corn. Some farmers had commenced growing wheat in the older settlements, and by this time had become somewhat dependent upon it, in part, for bread. But this year the entire crop was sick and could not be eaten by man or beast; and as if to enforce the terrors of famine in prospective, all the new ground corn that escaped the ravages of the squirrels in the spring was literally cooked by severe frosts early in September. I have known, says one who witnessed it, cases where whole families subsisted entirely on potatoes, cabbage, turnips, etc. Added to this was the almost disgusting and nauseating bread and mush, made of meal ground from the frost-bitten corn, as black as a hat. The sweeping depredations of the squirrels that year resulted in the passage of an act by the legislature, on the first Monday of December, 1807, entitled "An act to encourage the killing of squirrels." This act made it a positive obligation on all persons within the State, subject to the payment of county tax, to furnish, in addition thereto, a certain number of squirrel scalps, to be determined by the township trustees. This was imperative, and it was made the duty of the lister to notify each person of the number of scalps he was required to furnish; and if any one refused or failed to furnish the specified quantity, he was subject to the same penalties and forfeitures as delinquent tax-payers; and any person producing a greater number than was demanded was to receive two cents per scalp out of the county treasury. This law, however, was rendered inoperative almost immediately afterwards by the interposition of a higher power, for the severe winter of 1807-8 almost totally annihilated the squirrel race, the law was not enforced, and finally, in the winter of 1809, was repealed. REMARKABLE FORTITUDE OF A BOY. In the excellent "History of Highland County" by Daniel Scott is related a remarkable instance of courage and fortitude of a boy. We give herewith an abridged account of it. James Carlisle came from Virginia to Highland county in 1805. He settled on a farm and became a celebrated tobacco planter and manufacturer. He was probably the first one to make a regular business of it; which he commenced in 1805, and continued until his death in 1832. His manufacture of tobacco was about the only kind in use throughout Southern Ohio. It was put up in large twists of two or more pounds in weight and was exceedingly strong. On day during the summer, when the family were away from home, his two sons, John and James, lads of eight and six years, were at work in the tobacco field. They were engaged in "suckering" the plants, beginning at the top and running their hands to the lower leaves, detecting the suckers by their touch, when James cried out that he was bitten by a rattlesnake. The snake had been coiled up under the lower leaves of the plant. This was a most alarming condition for the boys. They were well aware of the fatal effects of the bite, but did not know what to do and there were none near to advise them. But James, with the courage of a true backwoods boy, rapidly settled in his own mind the course to be pursued. They had taken an old dull tomahawk out with them for some purpose and James peremptorily ordered his brother John to take it and cut his hand off, at the same time laying it on a stump and pointing to the place where it was to be cut at the wrist. This John positively refused to do, giving as his reason that the tomahawk was too dull. There was no time to discuss the matter, and James could not cut it himself, so they compromised on the wounded finger, which John consented to cut off. It had already turned black and swollen very much. John made several ineffectual attempts to cut off the finger, which was the first finger of the right hand, but only hacked and bruised it. James, however, held it steady and encouraged his brother to proceed, saying it must come off or he should soon die. John finally got it off, but in doing so badly mutilated the hand. This heroic treatment, however, saved the boy's life. He grew to manhood, and finally removed to Missouri. THE WOMEN'S RAID AT GREENFIELD. On September 3, 1864, a young man of good character named William Blackburn was shot and killed while passing by on the sidewalk in front of Newbeck's saloon. At the time a general fight was going on within the saloon, during which a pistol-shot was fired. The public indignation was very intense, all the more so that the guilty person could not be discovered. The excitement, however. gradually died away, but some ten months later it was again aroused by several occurrences of an evil nature, scenes of distress and violence, fights and wife-beatings, which resulted in the women of Greenfield holding a meeting to determine some method of suppressing the liquor traffic. The meeting was held July 10, 1865, in the African M. E. Church, then used as a school-house and place for public gatherings. The following resolution to be presented to the liquor sellers was passed: "That the ladies of Greenfield are determined to suppress the liquor traffic in their midst. We demand your liquors, and give you fifteen minutes to comply with our request, or abide the consequences.' Then forming by twos in procession, the ladies marched to the drug store of William S. Linn. Here compliance with their request was refused. They then crossed the street to Hern & Newbeck's saloon and again presented their demand and were again refused compliance therewith, when Mrs. Drusilla |