CHAGRIN FALLS, about 17 miles southeast of Cleveland and south of Lake Erie, is on the C. F. & S. R. R. It is in the township of Chagrin Falls, one of the smallest townships in the State. The Chagrin river at this point has a fall of 150 feet, giving water-power to the manufacturing interests of the village. Newspaper: Exponent, J. J. Stranahan, editor and publisher. Churches: 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Congregational and 1 Disciple. Bank: Rodgers & Harper.

Industries.-Paper, flour and grocer sacks, iron, wooden-ware handles, carriages, canvas-boats, etc. Population in 1880, 1,211. School census in 1886, 346; C. W. Randall, superintendent.

The view of Chagrin Falls was drawn and engraved for the first edition in

1846 by Mr. Jehu Brainard, of Cleveland, who made and presented it to us to memorialize himself in the work. His picture has the newness, the crudity in appearance which the village at the time presented. It looked to us then as though it had just emerged from the woods; its people were full of the fire of a good beginning, and fancying that some day theirs would be a great place. Among their congratulations were the facts that they had a daily stage to Cleveland and that the Cleveland and Pittsburg stages ran through their town.

The name of Chagrin was originally applied to the river, then to the present village of Willoughby, and later to the town with the adjunct of the word "Falls." Crisfield Johnson, in his excellent "History of Cuyahoga County," issued in 1879, says: "The name of the river Chagrin is undoubtedly derived from the old Indian word 'Shagrin,' which is to be found applied to it on maps issued before the Revolution. Shagrin' is supposed to mean 'clear,' but this is not so certain." On Evans's map, published in 1755, the river is called "Elk." Harvey Rice, in his sketch of Moses Cleaveland, states that he with his surveying party on the 4th of July, 1796, landed at Conneaut and celebrated Independence Day, and then in the course of two weeks he "left Conneaut in company with a select few of his staff and coasted along the southeastern shore of Lake Erie until he came to the mouth of a river which he took to be the Cuyahoga. He ascended the stream for some distance, amid many embarrassments arising from the sand bars and fallen trees, when he discovered his mistake and found it was a shallow stream and not noted on his map. This perplexity and delay so chagrined him that he named it the Chagrin, a designation by which it is still known.' We here introduce an incident in the life of a pioneer woman who until near the time of the issue of our original edition was living in this vicinity.

A Plucky Pioneer Woman.-Joel Thorp, with his wife Sarah, moved with an ox team, in May, '99, from North Haven, Connecticut, to Millsford, in Ashtabula county, and were the first settlers in that region. They soon had a small clearing on and about an old beaver dam, which was very rich and mellow. Towards the first of June, the family being short of provisions, Mr. Thorp started off

alone to procure some through the wilderness, with no guide but a pocket compass, to the nearest settlement, about 20 miles distant, in Pennsylvania. His family, consisting of Mrs. Thorp and three children, the oldest child, Basil, being but eight years of age, were before his return reduced to extremities for the want of food. They were compelled, in a measure, to dig for and subsist on roots, which

yielded but little nourishment. The children in vain asked food, promising to be satisfied with the least possible portion. The boy, Basil, remembered to have seen some kernels of corn in a crack of one of the logs of the cabin, and passed hours in an unsuccessful search for them.

Mrs. Thorp emptied the straw out of her bed and picked it over to obtain the little wheat it contained, which she boiled and gave to her children. Her husband, it seems, had taught her to shoot at a mark, in which she acquired great skill. When all her means for procuring food were exhausted, she saw, as she stood in her cabin door, a wild turkey flying near. She took down her husband's rifle, and, on looking for ammunition, was surprised to find only sufficient for a small charge. Carefully cleaning the barrel, so as not to lose any by its sticking to the sides as it went down, she set some apart for priming and loaded the piece with the remainder, and started in pursuit of the turkey, reflecting

that on her success depended the lives of herself and children. Under the excitement of her feelings she came near defeating her object, by frightening the turkey, which flew a short distance and again alighted in a potato patch. Upon this, she returned to the house and waited until the fowl had begun to wallow in the loose earth. On her second approach, she acted with great caution and coolness, creeping slyly on her hands and knees from log to log until she had gained the last obstruction between herself and the desired object. It was now a trying moment, and a crowd of emotions passed through her mind as she lifted the rifle to a level with her eye. She fired; the result was fortunate: the turkey was killed and herself and family preserved from death by her skill. Mrs. Thorp married three times. Her first husband was killed in Canada, in the war of 1812; her second was supposed to have been murdered. Her last husband's name was Gordiner. She died in Orange, in this county, Nov. 1, 1846.

COLLINWOOD is 7 miles northeast of Cleveland, on Lake Erie. Its inhabitants are mostly employees of the L. S. & M. S. R. R., it being the terminus of two divisions of that road and location of large freight yards. Churches: 1 Congregationalist and 1 Christian. Population in 1880, 792. School census in 1886, 436; T. W. Byrns, superintendent.

NEWBURGH, a suburb of and part of the corporate city of Cleveland, connected with it by four railroads and a street car line. It is about five miles from Cleveland centre. Newspaper: South Cleveland Advocate, Republican, H. H. Nelson, editor and proprietor. Churches: 1 Episcopal, 1 English and 1 Welsh Baptist, 1 English and 1 Welsh Methodist Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Welsh Congregational, 1 Disciple, and 1 Catholic. A State hospital for the insane is located here.

BROOKLYN, a suburb of Cleveland, is about 5 miles south of Cleveland Centre, on the Cuyahoga river, and Valley Railroad. Calvin College is located here. Newspaper: Cuyahogan, Republican, C. F. Beachler, editor and proprietor. Churches: 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist Episcopal. Population in 1880, 1,295. School census in 1886, 801; A. G. Comings, superintendent.

The following is a list of villages in this county not previously mentioned, with their populations in 1880: Bedford, a place noted for its chair manufactories, 766; West Cleveland, 1,781; East Cleveland, 2,876; Glenville, 797; Independence, 262; Olmstead Falls, 404; and Euclid, 699. The first frame meetinghouse with a spire built on the Reserve was erected in 1817, at Euclid. The township of Euclid was settled by the surveyors under General Cleaveland; in 1798 Joseph Burke and family, and in 1801 Timothy Doane and family, settled in Euclid.

DARKE.

DARKE COUNTY was formed from Miami county, January 3, 1809, and organized in March, 1817. The surface is generally level, and it has some prairie land. It is well timbered with oak, poplar, walnut, blue ash, sugar maple, hickory, elm, and beach, and the soil is exceedingly fertile. It is a granary of corn, oats, and wheat-the yield immense and the quality excellent-and it is a first-class agricultural county, a large proportion of the land being a deep black soil and apparently inexhaustible. Area unusually large-600 square miles. In 1885 the acres cultivated were 214,522; in pasture, 23,247; woodland, 72,333; lying waste, 7,207; produced in wheat, 996,331 bushels; oats, 472,201; corn, 3,066,476; broom brush, 36,545 pounds; tobacco, 3,152,425; butter, 867,560; flax, 91,457; potatoes, 215,809 bushels; sorghum, 49,559, largest in the State; eggs, 867,493 dozen; horses owned, 13,548; cattle, 25,517; hogs, 36,977. School census 1886, 13,881; teachers, 255. It has 158 miles of railroad.

Population in 1820 was 3,717; in 1840, 13,145; 1860, 26,009; 1880, 40,496, of whom 33,062 were Ohio-born, 1,846 Pennsylvanians, and 1,208 in Germany.

Gen. William Darke, from whom this county derived its name, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1736, and removed at the age of five years with his parents to near Shepherdstown, Va. He was with the Virginia provincials at Braddock's defeat, taken prisoner in the Revolutionary war, at Germantown, commanded as colonel two Virginia regiments at the siege of York, was a member of the Virginia Conven

tion of '88, and was repeatedly a member of the Legislature of that ancient commonwealth. He distinguished himself at St. Clair's defeat, and died Nov. 20, 1801. Gen. Darke was by profession a farmer. He possessed a herculean frame, rough manners, a strong but uncultivated mind, and a frank and fearless disposition.

This county is of considerable historic interest. The defeat of St. Clair, November 4, 1791, took place just over its northwestern border, near the Indiana line, on the site of the village of Fort Recovery. Under the head of Mercer county, a very full account of this event is given, with individual narratives and incidents.

On his march north from Cincinnati St. Clair built a fort five miles south of the present site of Greenville, which he named Fort Jefferson. His army left on the 24th of October, and continued their toilsome march northward through the wilderness, which in less than two weeks was brought to its disastrous close.

In the summer of the next year a large body of Indians surrounded this fort. Before they

were discovered, a party of them secreted themselves in some underbrush and behind some bogs near the fort. Knowing that Capt. Shaylor, the commandant, was passionately fond of hunting, they imitated the noise of turkeys. The captain, not dreaming of a decoy, hastened out with his son, fully expecting to return loaded with game. As they approached near the place the savages rose, fired, and his son, a promising lad, fell. The

captain turning, fled to the garrison. The Indians pursued closely, calculating either to take him prisoner or enter the sally-gate with him in case it were opened for his admission.

They were, however, disappointed, though at his heels; he entered, and the gate was closed the instant he reached it. In his retreat he was badly wounded by an arrow in his back.

GREENVILLE IN 1846.-Greenville, the county-seat, is ninety-two miles west of Columbus, and ten from the Indiana line. It was laid off August 10, 1808, by Robert Gray and John Devor, and contains 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Christian church, 16 mercantile stores, 1 flouring mill, 1 newspaper printing office, and about 800 inhabitants.

Greenville is a point of much historical note. In December, 1793, Wayne built a fort at this place, which he called Fort Greenville. He remained until the

28th of July, 1794, when he left for the Maumee rapids, where he defeated the Indians on the 20th of the month succeeding. His army returned to Greenville on the 2d of November, after an absence of three months and six days. Fort Greenville was an extensive work, and covered the greater part of the site of the town. The annexed plan is from the survey of Mr. James M'Bride, of Hamilton. The blocks represent the squares of the town, within the lines of the fort. Traces of the embankment are plainly discernible, and various localities within the fort are pointed out by the citizens of the town. The quarters of Wayne were on the site of the residence of Stephen Perrine, on Main street. Henry House, now (1846) of this county, who was in Wayne's campaign, says that the soldiers built loghuts, arranged in rows, each regiment occupying one row, and each hut-of which there were many hundred-occupied by six soldiers. He also informs us that Wayne drilled his men to load while running; and every night, when on the march, had good breastworks erected, at which the men had been so well practised as to be able to construct in a few minutes.-Old Edition.

GREENVILLE is ninety-four miles west of Columbus, on the C. St. L. & P. R. R., and seventy miles north of Cincinnati. It is on Greenville creek, also the C. J. & M. and D. & U. railroads. County officers in 1888: Probate Judge, Samuel L. Kolp; Clerk of Court, Patrick H. Maher; Sheriff, David E. Vantilburg; Prosecuting Attorney, James C. Elliott; Auditor, Cyrus Minnich; Treasurer, Henry M. Bickel; Recorder, Daniel Snyder; Surveyor, Elliott M. Miller; Coroner, George W. Burnett; Commissioners, William M. Smith, Reuben K. Beam, Samuel J. Stapleton. Greenville has five newspapers: Darke County Democratic Advocate, Democratic, W. A. Brown, editor; Democrat, Democratic, Charles Roland, editor; Journal, Republican, E. W. Otwill, editor; Die Post, German