knowledge. Like Cuvier, Agassiz and Tyndall, his work has shown that theory and discussion do not settle anything worthy of a place in science, that it is only those who base their conclusions on observed nature whose reputations become permanent."

In person Dr. Kirtland was a large man, with a great heart and lungs and an untiring worker, to whom time was more precious than gold. One who knew him well said of him he possessed more good and useful traits of character than any person he ever knewso unselfish, social, kind to all-beloved by both old and young he seemed to be happiest when making others happy. He cultivated the taste for the beautiful by distributing freely, at times almost robbing himself of rare fruit or costly plants to distribute to his neighbors. He was a hearty and sincere believer in the Christian religion, but adopting no particular religious creed. When near death he wrote: "My family all attention. Every day growing weaker. The great change must soon occur. On the mercies of a kind Providence who created me, who has sustained and helped me through a long life, I rely with a firm faith and hope. We know not what is beyond the grave. Vast multitudes have gone there before us. Love to all. Farewell.'

REUBEN WOOD, Governor of Ohio from 1851 to 1853, was born at Royalton, Vermont, in 1793, and died in 1864, at his farm

MOSS ENG.CO.N.V

GOVERNOR REUBEN WOOD.

in Rockport. When the war of 1812 broke out he was temporarily living with an uncle in Canada, where he was studying the classics and reading law. He was subjected to military service against his own country. To this he would not submit, and, though placed under guard, succeeded at the hazard of his life in effecting an escape in a small boat across the entire width of Lake Ontario to Sackett's Harbor. He then worked on the home farm to aid his widowed mother and studied law. In 1818 he emigrated to

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Cleveland and engaged in the practice of his profession. He was three times elected to the State Senate; in 1830 was elected. President-Judge of the Third Judicial District; in 1833 became Judge of the Supreme Court by the unanimous vote of the Legislature; in 1841 he was re-elected by the same vote, and for three years was the Chief-Justice. He was elected Governor by the Democratic party in 1850 by a majority of 11,000, and re-elected under the new Constitution in 1851 by a majority of 26,000. He resigned to accept the position of consul at Valparaiso, Chili, and later became minister.

The climate proved too delicious; it seldom or never rained, little else than a continuous calm and sunshine, while humanity there in its stagnation of indolence and ignorance offered nothing to interest him. In his quick disgust he was stricken with nostalgia as bad as any of our poor soldier boys in the war time, resigned, and came home that he might once again be a sharer in the activities of a wonderfully progressive intellectual people, and again enjoy the sight of a wild, howling storm on Lake Erie. Thus it was that he, whom in the political parlance of the day was called all through Ohio from his great height and residence "the tall chief of the Cuyahogas," returned home to pass the remainder of his days on his noble farm, "Evergreen Place, on the margin of the beautiful lake he loved so well.

Harvey Rice, from whose article in the Magazine of Western History" we take some of the facts in this personal sketch and in the two next to follow, writes of him: "Governor Wood was one of nature's noblemen, large-hearted and generous to a fault. Nature gave him a slim tall figure over six feet in height and replete with brains and mother wit.

He was quick in his perceptions, an excellent classical scholar, a man of the people and honored by the people. He possessed tact and shrewdness; his statesmanship exhibited to a high degree wisdom and forecast, while on the bench his decisions showed a profound knowledge of law, and crowned his life-work as one of the ablest jurists of the State.

And Judge Thurman, on "Lawyers' Day" Ohio Centennial, Columbus, Wednesday, September 19, 1888, after speaking of the greatness of Thomas Ewing, thus expressed himself of Governor Wood: "And that unsurpassed nisi prius Judge Reuben Wood, who never left a jury when he charged it, but who was clear-headed and brainy, and always to the point.'

SHERLOCK JAMES ANDREWS, the son of a physician, was born in Wallingford, Conn., in 1801, graduated at Union College, for a time was assistant of Prof. Silliman at Yale, came to Cleveland in 1825, and was one of the long noted law firm of Andrews, Foot & Hoyt. In 1840 he was elected to Congress, in 1848 was elected Judge of the

Superior Court of Cleveland; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and died in 1880. He was one of the leaders of the Ohio bar-a man of pure principles and noble aspirations. Learned in the law and of persuasive and somewhat impassioned eloquence he was noted for good sense and an electric wit that would convulse alike the court and audience. A brother, also eminent in his profession, John W. Andrews, settled in Columbus, where he yet resides, and in his advanced age is an honored member of the "State Board of Charities."

RUFUS P. RANNEY is of Scotch descent. He was born in Blanford, Mass., in 1813, and when a lad of eleven years came with his parents to Freedom, Portage county. He chopped wood at twenty-five cents a cord, and so earned money with which to enter Western Reserve College. Without graduating he travelled on foot to Jefferson, Ashtabula county, carrying all his worldly goods on his back with a single exception-an extra shirt that went into his hat. He then entered the law office of Giddings & Wade. When Mr. Giddings was elected to Congress, he formed a partnership with Mr. Wade. At the age of thirty-two he opened a law office at Warren. He was twice put in nomination by the Democratic party for Congress. In 1851 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and, although a young man, was regarded as its Hercules. He has been twice a Judge of the Supreme Bench, and was once the Democratic candidate for Governor against Mr. Dennison just before the war, and when that ensued made speeches to secure enlistments.

As a lawyer he stands with scarcely an equal in the State. Harvey Rice wrote of him: "Judge Ranney is not only born a logician, but has so improved nature's gifts as to become a most learned if not matchless reasoner. His mental powers are gigantic. In a great case, knarled and knotted as it may be, he always proves himself equal to its clear exposition and logical solution. And yet he is modest even to timidity. His presence is dignified, and he is a man who has ripened into a noble manhood."

HENRY CHISHOLM, who was the founder and President of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, the largest establishment of the kind in the world, was born in Lochgelly. Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1822. He was by trade a carpenter, and when twenty years old landed at Montreal an almost penniless youth. He became a master-builder, worked for a time on the Cleveland breakwater, and in 1857 founded, at Newburg, the iron manufacturing firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., from which beginning arose the great establishment, the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, which is the pride of Cleveland and one of the marvels of modern times; employing in all 8,000 workmen. His brother, three years younger, WILLIAM CHISHOLM, the inventor, joined him in

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1857, and later engaged in the manufacture of spikes, bolts, and horse-shoes, and after demonstrating by experiments the practicability of the manufacture of screws from Bessemer steel, in 1871 organized the Union Steel Company of Cleveland. He afterwards devised new methods and machinery for manufacturing steel-shovels, spades and scoops, and established a factory for the new industry. In 1882 he began to make steamengines of a new model, adapted for hoisting and pumping, and transmitters for carrying coal and ore between vessels and railroad

county, in 1840, the son of a farmer, and was educated at the University of Michigan. When a mere youth of fifteen he constructed microscopes and telescopes for himself and companions, and devised a plan for turning on gas in street-lamps and lighting and then extinguishing it. After returning from college he fitted up a laboratory and obtained a fine reputation as an analytical chemist.

In 1875 he turned his attention to electric lighting. The probability of producing a dynamo machine that could produce the proper amount and kind of electrical current for operating several lamps was submitted to him, and in less than two months a machine was built so perfect and complete that for ten years it has continued in regular use without change. A lamp that then could work successfully on a circuit with a large number of other lamps, so that all would burn uniformly, was then necessary, and this he produced in a few weeks. These two inventions were successfully introduced in the United States during 1876. Since then he has produced more than fifty patents, twothirds of which are sources of revenue. They relate principally to details of his two leading inventions-the dynamo and the lamp--and to methods of their production. All of his patents, present and future, are

the property of the Electric Brush Company of Cleveland, and his foreign patents are owned by the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light of London. Pecuniary rewards and honors have been awarded him; the French government decorated him "Chevalier of the Legion of Honor." Mr. Brush is of commanding presence, uncommonly fine physique, and his residence is one of the palatial mansions for which Euclid Avenue is famed. He is yet a hard worker, his mind absorbed in invention and discovery. Such men are benefactors beyond the power of expression.

JOHN HENRY DEVEREUX, who died in Cleveland in 1886, at the age of fifty-four years, was one of the most efficient railroad managers and foremost railroad men in the country. He was born in Boston, and when sixteen years of age came to Northern Ohio, and eventually served as construction engineer on several railroads. When the civil war arose he was in Tennessee occupying a very prominent position in his profession, when he offered his services to the government and became Superintendent of the Military Railroads in Virginia. Here the executive capacity he displayed in bringing order out of confusion, overcoming apparently insurmountable obstacles to move the armies and supply transportation, was the wonder and admiration of the highest officers of the government. In 1864 he returned to Cleveland, and in succession became President of the C. C. C. & I., the A. & G. W. and of the I. & St. L. his personal courage in 1877 he prevented 800 of his men from joining in the railroad riots.

By

The name LEONARD CASE, father and son, each thus named alike, will long recall pleasant associations with Cleveland people. The elder, who died here in 1864, at the age of eighty, was a native of Pennsylvania. He came to Cleveland from Warren, Trumbull county, in 1816, and followed the business of a lawyer, banker, and land agent. He took a warm interest in the progress of Cleveland; is said to have begun the work of planting the trees whose luxuriant foliage now SO pleasantly adorns the "Forest City. He was the president of the village, the first county auditor, a great friend of the canals, and one of the projectors of the first railroad -the C. C. & C. With the great growth of his fortunes he enlarged his benefactions. His son, lately also deceased, inheriting his father's disposition and fortune, made a crowning gift of the Case Building, valued at $300,000, to the Cleveland Library Association, a gift seldom equalled in the annals of private munificence.

EDWIN COWLES, one of the veteran editors and printers of Ohio, is of Puritan stock, born of Connecticut parents, in 1825, in Austinburg, Ashtabula county. He learned the printing business in the office of the Cleveland Herald, now the Leader, of which he is the editor. In the winter of 1854-55 he was one of those who, in the editorial room of his

the

In 1861 he first suggested in his paper nomination by the Republican party of David Tod, a war-Democrat, to unite all the loyal elements in the cause of the Union; and, in 1863, in like manner suggested that of John Brough, both of which were acted upon, and with most excellent results. Immediately after the Union defeat at Bull Run he wrote an editorial headed, "Now is the Time to Abolish Slavery!" Strong in his feelings, fearless, outspoken, and an untiring worker, he has been a living, aggressive force in Cleveland.

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In 1870, perceiving the great peril to life from the various railroad crossings in the valley of the Cuyahoga, between the heights of the east and west sides of Cleveland, he conceived the idea of a high bridge, or viaduct as it is generally called, to span the valley and Cuyahoga river, connecting the two hill-tops, thus avoiding going up and down hill and crossing the valley of death." He wrote an elaborate editorial favoring the city's building the viaduct. His suggestion met with fierce opposition from the other city papers, it being considered by them utopian and unnecessary; but it was submitted to the popular vote, and carried by an immense majority. This great work, costing nearly $3,000,000, is one of the wonders of Cleveland.

"Mr. Cowles' success in life has been attained under extraordinary disadvantages. From his birth he was affected with a defect in hearing, which caused so peculiar an impediment of speech that no parallel case was to be found on record. Until he was twentythree years of age the peculiarity of this impediment was not discovered. At that age

Prof. Kennedy, a distinguished elocutionist, became interested in his case, and, after a thorough examination, it was found that he never heard the hissing sound of the human voice, and consequently had never made that sound. Many of the consonants sounded alike to him. He never heard the notes of the seventh octave of the piano or organ, never heard the upper notes of a violin, the fife in martial music, never heard a bird sing, and has always supposed that the music of the birds was a poetical fiction. This discovery of his physical defect enabled him to act accordingly. After much time spent in practising under Prof. Kennedy's tuition, he was enabled to learn arbitrarily how to make the hissing sound, but he never hears the sound himself, although he could hear ordinary low-toned conversation."

HENRY B. PAYNE, a Senator from Ohio in the National Congress, was born in 1810, in Hamilton, New York, of Connecticut stock; graduated at Hamilton college, and came to the then village of Cleveland in 1833, and soon entered upon the practice of the law. In 1851 he was the first president of the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, its inception and construction having been mainly due to his efforts in conjunction with Alfred Kelly and Richard Hilliard. He was early interested in manufacturing enterprises, having been at one time director and stockholder in some eighteen different corporations. In 1851 he was the Democratic candidate for the United States Senate in opposition to Benjamin F. Wade, and defeated by only one majority. In the war period he made speeches advocating enlistments. In 1874 he was elected to Congress, and during the exciting contest in the winter of 1876-77 over the election of President, he was chairman of the committee chosen by the House to unite with one from the Senate in devising a method for settling the difficulty, which resulted in the celebrated Electoral Commission. In 1875 he was prominently mentioned as the probable Democratic nominee for President. "As a lawyer Mr. Payne is distinguished for fidelity, thoroughness, and forensic ability; and as a man, for public spirit, coolness of temper, suavity, and genial humor, combined with firmness and strength of will."

JOSEPH PERKINS was born in Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, July 5, 1819, and died at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., August 26, 1885. He was a son of General Simon Perkins, one of the earliest and most active pioneers of Ohio, who was extensively engaged in land transactions, and from whom he inherited a large estate.

At the age of twenty Joseph Perkins graduated from Marietta College. He then returned to Warren, and, after settling his father's estate, removed to Cleveland in 1852, where the remainder of his life was spent.

He was largely interested in banking, and as a business man showed great financial and executive abilities. The "Historical and Biographical Cyclopedia of Ohio,' from which we extraci this sketch, says of him:

involved great sums of money, and touched on many personal interests, no one ever suspected him of a dishonest act or assigned to him a base motive. His character shone through all his deeds as the pure crystal.' It is not as a business man that Mr. Perkins is best known, but through his great philanthropy and boundless generosity, his active interest and labor in public and private charities, which were not confined within the limits of his own city or State lines, but extended to many institutions in the South as well as the North.

Mr. Perkins' most prominent public work was through his connection with the Ohio Board of State Charities. It is but to repeat the language of all cognizant with the facts to say that his was the master-hand that shaped the work of that Board from the beginning. He was appointed by Governor Cox, in 1867, on the formation of the Board, and, by successive reappointments, continued a member until his death. On the occasion of the first meeting, he became impressed with the deplorable condition of many of the county jails.

He gave the matter not only time and thought, but at his own expense travelled all over the Eastern States, inspecting a large number of penal and reformatory institutions, and giving the matter a close and intelligent study. He was an investigator and a philosopher as well, and, on seeing a defect, could not only discover its cause, but work intelligently toward a remedy. He modeled a plan which was accepted by the Board and made its own, and that has become known and copied the country over as the "jail system of the Board of State Charities of Ohio. What he aimed to achieve was a

model jail, in which prisoners could be held secure and not herded together. This much accomplished, Mr. Perkins next turned his attention to the infirmary system of the State, and made visits to many places, and learned much that showed the need of some direct and practical reform. This he suggested in a plan somewhat similar to the one mentioned above, modified to the needs of the class for which it was intended.

One thing Mr. Perkins learned in these investigations, and that he strongly insisted upon in all his official relations and personal discussions with executive officials, and that was that the less restraint placed upon the insane and the more air and outdoor work given them, the better for their physical health and chances of recovery. His infirmary plan has become a model for the country, and the best buildings erected anywhere have been in accordance with its specifications. Always a believer in the theory that crime or want should be prevented where possible, he was ever a strong and earnest friend to any measure suggested in aid of the children. His next step was the making of a plan for a Children's Home, to which he gave the greatest care and attention, and which expert testimony and practical experience have united in showing to be as nearly perfect as anything of the kind can be.

In all these labors, and in the many other hings he was enabled to do through his connection with this Board, Mr. Perkins kept himself in the background, and gave to the Board and not himself the credit of his thought and labor, while the expenses of his various missions never became a charge upon the State fund, but were met by him personally. His official associates appreciated his value to the causes they all held so dear, and in a fitting memorial to his honor declared that Traces of his long and valuable service are seen in the annual reports of the Board; and the plans and estimates for jails and infirmaries therein published, and which we regard as the best in the world, are mainly his work, and were gotten up entirely at his expense.

Another of Cleveland's philanthropic characters was MRS. REBECCA ELLIOTT CROMWELL ROUSE, so well known for her selfsacrificing devotion to the soldiers of the North during the civil war. She was born in Salem, Mass., October 30, 1799. Her childhood was spent in affluence, her education liberal, and her mind cultured by years of travel in many lands. At the age of eighteen she married Benjamin Rouse; in 1825 removed to New York city, and five years later, with her husband, left her Eastern home to engage in missionary work on the Western Reserve.

Mrs. Rouse is called "the mother of the Baptist churches and founder of the Woman's Christian work in Cleveland." She was the organizing spirit and the president of the Martha Washington Society of 1842, the outgrowth of which was the Protestant Orphan Asylum, the oldest of the Protestant

call her blessed." Not a few of these are the Ohio boys in blue, during the war of the rebellion. They never will forget the continued self-sacrificing labor this great-hearted woman gave for five years, when she was instrumental in collecting and distributing over $2,000,000 worth of hospital supplies for the gallant sick and wounded lying in military hospitals. The call to arms was sounded on the 15th of April, 1861. Five days later the "Soldiers' Aid Society of Cleveland, Ohio," was formed, and it has the honor, the great and lasting honor, of being the first society of women that met and organized for the noble work of bearing a people's love to the people's army. As president of this famous society, Mrs. Rouse became widely known and much beloved. Fragile and delicate in person, it was astonishing the amount of labor she performed. To her wise administration of its affairs was largely due the success of an enterprise which achieved a national reputation.

Mrs. Rouse has recently passed away after a life nobly spent in ameliorating human woe. Self-sacrifice brought her peace and happi ness, although the labor was great and the body and mind oft weary.

JOHN BROUGH, the last of the three "War Governors of Ohio," as he, Messrs. Tod, and Dennison were termed from having been State executives during the civil war, was born in Marietta in 1811, and died in Cleveland in 1865, in the midst of labors, worn out by his excessive application in the service of his State and country. He was the son of an Englishman who came over in 1806 with Blennerhasset, and his mother was a Pennsylvania lady; it was from her he inherited his strong traits of character. He was bred a printer, and to enjoy the benefit of a course of study in Athens College entered a printing