"Jam faciam quod vultis: eris tu, qui modò miles, "Mercator; tu consultus modò rusticus: hinc vos, "Vos hinc, mutatis discedite partibus. Eia! "Quid statis?" Nolint. Atqui licet esse beatis. Quid causæ est, meritò quin illis Jupiter ambas 20 Iratus buccas inflet, neque se fore posthac Tam facilem dicat, votis ut præbeat aurem ? Præterea, ne sic, ut qui jocularia, ridens Percurram (quamquam ridentem dicere verum *16. Faciam quod vultis, "Will do what you desire," non vero: jam faciam ex vobis id, quod esse voltis." ORELL. 18. Mutatis partibus. This expression is derived from the theatre, where the performers were sometimes directed to change their parts.- Heins. 19. Nolint. This should be connected with 1. 15, si quis Deus dicat. Thence we can perceive the reason of its being in the subjunctive mood. *A similar constr. occurs below, Sat. II. 7, 24: Si quis ad illa deus subito te agat, usque recuses. 19. Atqui, This word generally allows the translation, "and yet," as the Greek καίτοι. Ib. Esse beatis. A Græcism for esse beatos. Thus we have Sat. I. 4, 39, dederim quibus esse poëtis. Sat. I. 6, 25, fierique tribuno. Epist. III. 372, mediocribus esse poëtis. 20. Quid causæ est ? "What reason is there ?" Thus Terent. Andr. III. 4, 21: Quid causæ est, quin hinc in pistrinum recta proficiscar via! Ib. Quin. This is a contraction of quine, formed of qui and non. It has here its primitive signification "why not." Ib. Ambas. Ambo and duo differ in this, that ambo implies the idea of "together" and "the same time," duo does not. Thus if we say ambo abierunt, we imply that both departed at the same time, and together, which is not implied should we say duo abierunt. Whilst speaking on this subject, it may not be irrelevant or without advantage, to refer to two other words, the meaning of which is frequently mistaken by the inexperienced scholar, geminus, and duplex. To illustrate the mistake, to which I allude-when Virgil, Æn. I. 162, says geminique minantur In cœlum scopuli, he means "twin" crags, not merely two. Likewise when he says, 1. 92, duplices tendens ad sidera palmas, duplices does not signify merely "both" (as ambas) but his "doubled," "clasped" hands. 21. Neque. Used for et non; "and say that he would not." 23-27. The poet, not wishing to pursue this jocular introduction of the gods, expresses his intention of seriously examining into the origin of this feeling before mentioned. 23. Præterea. This word compounded of præter and ea, originally means "besides." It is used sometimes in the sense "hereafter" as in Virg. Æn. I. 52; et quisquam numen Junonis adoret Præterea, aut supplex aris imponat honorem ? If we apply this sense here, the meaning is; after this, or henceforth, ne sic Quid vetat? ut pueris olim dant crustula blandi 25 30 ridens percurram, ut qui jocularia, amoto quæramus seria ludo, or ne sic ridens percurram præterea, ut qui jocularia. Sanadon reads prætereo, which Francis adopts. Præterea is to be explained, by considering the sentence an instance of avazóλoufov, by which the author after commencing, suddenly changes into another idea. Præterea-ne sic, ut qui jocularia, ridens.-J. Ib. Jocularia. Ut qui jocularia percurrit. 25. Olim, "Sometimes." *Olim dant, "solent dare," frequenti usu v. olim in exemplis et similitudinibus. Od. IV. 4, 5.-Epp. I. 10, 42. Orell. Ib. Crustula, "Cakes." * Doctores, γραμματιςτοί. Elementa, στοιχεία, γράμματα. 27. Sed tamen. These particles are an elegant termination to the parenthesis.-D. Præterea was intended as the introduction to amoto quæramus seria ludo, but the parenthesis required the addition of sed tamen to mark the transition from it. Thus Cic. Phil. L. 11: Collegam tuum aiunt in hac fortuná suâ, quæ bona ipsi videtur: mihi, ne gravius quidpiam dicam, avorum et avunculi sui consulatum si imitaretur, fortunatior videretur, sed tamen eum iracundum audio factum. 28-35. The acquisition of a competency for old age, is the object which men profess that they have, whilst engaged in the toils and fatigue of the pursuit of wealth. 28. Ille. Agricola. ter. 29. Perfidus hic caupo. Instead of the lawyer, we have here a new characBecause Horace deemed it unbecoming to introduce the lawyer pursuing his profession solely in the expectation of gain.-D. But this reason seems very unsatisfactory. Nor yet is it easy to offer any more feasible for the change. Caupo means a person who keeps a tavern or inn. He is called perfidus, because it was a practice of persons in that occupation to adulterate the wines, use false measures, or practice some such other frauds. We have them afterwards termed maligni. Sat. I. 5. 4. *Orellius explains thus, Perfidus hic caupo, cujusmodi quotidie vides. Sat. I. 5, 4: cauponibus atque malignis. Novam personam inducit, dedita opera h. 1. omittans jereconsultum." Jahn reads Campo, "this soldier faithless in the battle-field," comparing GRAVIS ARMIS above. Porson proposes Perfidus hic cautor. Ib. Miles. The soldier's expectations, which lead him to bear the toils of service, are plunder, or the portion of land which he may receive on finishing his campaigns. lb. Nauta. This word is frequently used for mercatores, v. 6. 30. Currunt. We have this term often applied to navigation, on account of the rapidity of the ship's course. "Run" is similarly used in English. Ib. Hac mente, "with this design." Sese ferre, senes ut in otia tuta recedant, Quæsitis sapiens, cùm te neque fervidus æstus 31. Senes, "when old." 32. Quum sibi sint congesta cibaria. When they have procured a sufficiency for life. Ib. Parvula. The diminutive from parvus. Thus from quantus we have quantulus, "how little." Ib. Nam exemplo est. [For it is the example, which they adduce.-Z. G.] Sicut parvula, &c. is not spoken by Horace, but by the miser. So that the commencement of the dialogue between Horace and the miser is at sicut.— T. L. Da. If so, then nam exemplo est should be translated "for it is an example." 36-40. Horace proves that the example of the industry of the ant is not appropriate, for the miser never ceases his efforts for accumulating riches, nor spends what he has acquired; whereas the ant reposes from her toils in winter, and makes use then of what she had provided in the summer. 36. Simul, "as soon as." Quæ at ea. Ib. Inversum. The period alluded to is the month of January. The year is said then to be inversus, because it is turned back to the point from which it originally commenced. * Compare τετραμμένου εἴαρος ἤδη, Theocr. ; and περιπλομένων, περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν. Hom. Ib. Aquarius. This is a sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters in January, and as there is generally severe and bad weather in this month, Horace ascribes that effect to the sign itself. 37. Non usquam. The meaning of this is not "never," but "nowhere;" unquam refers to time, usquam to place. 38. Sapiens. Some read patiens, but patienter vivere is to live wretchedly; paucis et vilibus cibis contenta. Te. Horace addresses the miser. As the four characters mentioned 1. 28 and 29, although engaged in different pursuits, all agree in being avaricious, the poet speaks to them as an individual. The miser then who is introduced in the dialogue with the poet is supposed to speak the sentiments of those four persons. Ib. Dum ne sit te ditior alter. Dum is differently explained by commentators. Ut non," that there may not be"-Sch. Ut ne, "that there may not be," unless we prefer donec or dummodo, "until no person is," &c., or "provided that there is no person," &c.-C. This last meaning is the more usual signification of dum ne, and is likewise more consistent with I. 113, where the poet says, Sic festinanti semper locupletior obstat. I therefore prefer it. The meaning is, that the miser thinks nothing an impediment but a person richer than himself. There is nothing that can cause him vexation, but seeing another possessed of greater riches than himself. Nil obstet then is not to be referred to lucro quærendo, for if it 40 Demoveat lucro, neque hiems, ignis, mare, ferrum, [vus? Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus; ut si 46 be, this explanation of dum ne is inconsistent with the character of the miser, for the sight of a man richer than himself is so far from preventing him from accumulating money, that it would be a stronger incentive to exertion. Lambi 42. Defossa. This should be properly applied to the gold, for defodere is applied to the act of putting any thing into the earth when dug. nus, however, adduces a parallel passage in Virg. Geor. III. 376: Ipsi in defossis specubus secura sub alta Otia agunt terra. Join furtim with defossa, not with deponere. Ib. Timidum. Fearful lest any one should observe the place where he had concealed it, or [through his apprehensions that it might not be safe, unless deposited in the ground.] 43. Quòd, "because." Horace asks quid juvat, and the miser auswers quod si comminuas, &c. Ib. Redigatur. "It may be reduced." Ib. Assem. The as was worth a little more than three farthings of our money. 44. Ni id fit, i. e. Si non comminuas. Ib. Quid habet pulchri. Quid pulchri habet, as quid causæ est, 1. 20. 45. Millia frumenti. Millia modiorum frumenti. The modius was a measure, according to some, equivalent to our bushel; according to others, to little more than a peck. Ib. Traverit. The particle si, etsi, or quamvis is omitted here, as is frequently the case. Compare Virg. En. VI. 31: Partem opere in tanto, sineret dolor, Icare, haberes. where si is elegantly omitted before sineret. Sat. I. 3, 15: Verterit hunc dominus, momento turbinis exit. *Triverit. Thus Virg. Georg. I. 298: Et medio tostas æstu terit area fruges. "Proprie fruges teruntur in area bobus vel equis ad tribulam trahamve 'unctis." ORELL. 46. Hoc. Either ex hoc frumento, or [ob, hoc, therefore], namely because twa area triverit, &c. Thus we have hoc used, Sat. I. 3, 93, IV. 9, VI. 41, IX, 8, &c. 46. Ut si. Although a slave carries as much provisions as would suffice for Reticulum panis venales inter onusto Fortè vehas humero, nihilo plus accipias quàm 50 54 Mille aret? At suave est, ex magno tollere acervo. 66 [fit, many, yet he receives but the allowance of one, which is nothing more than what he receives who has carried none at all. Thus the miser has as much corn as might satisfy many, yet he cannot eat more of it than any poorer person can, who takes what he requires from a small store. 47. Reticulum. A sack or bag made of net-work (rete), in which bread was carried. Torrentius supposes that there is an allusion to the story of Esop, preferring on a journey to carry the provision bag, although apparently the heaviest burthen, because he knew that the weight would gradually be diminished. 50. Viventi. As a genitive case is generally found with refert some editions have given viventis. A learned and ingenious friend of mine proposes vivens si, to which I do not see any objection. Refert is used with the dativus rei, in Plaut. Truc. II. 4, 43: Quoi rei id te assimulare retulit. Ib. Jugera. Acres. The nominative case is jugerum. We more usually find this word in the singular number declined as a noun of the second declension (to use the language of grammarians), but in the plural, as a noun of the third, as if its nominative were jugus, -eris. It properly signifies a space of ground containing 240 feet in length, and 120 in breath. Ib. Ex parvo, scil. Acervo. Ib. Cumeris. The poet contrasts the storehouses (granaria) of the rich, with the corn-baskets (cumeris) of the poor. Cumera was a vessel made of wickerwork or clay, in which the poor usually kept their small stock of provisions. 54. Liquidi, i. e. Liquoris, water. It is used as vyçou in Greek. Ib. Urnâ. An urna contained four congii, a congii six sextarii, and a sextarius, twelve cyathi. The urna contained about four of our gallons; the cyathus contained a very small quantity, not more than one of our smaller wine glasses. 56. Fonticulo. The diminutive of fons. Ib. Eo fit. "Thence it happens," in consequence (namely) of preferring to take what nature requires from a river rather than from a fountain, i. e. (to explain it in reference to the miser) in consequence of the miser never being contented with little, but always seeking more. 57-60. The poet shows that the miser often brings destruction on himself. whilst he ever attempts to enlarge his store, that he may have the pleasure of |