upon any ordinary grounds. But two said one to another, Lo. the King of days before, a naval officer of very high Israel hath hired against us the King of rank had reported to head-quarters at the Hittites and the Kings of the EgypWashington that this navy yard was tians, to come upon us. Wherefore they impregnable. Is not this very like the arose and fled in the twilight and left noise of chariots and the noise of horses, their tents and their horses, and their even the noise of a great host, which the asses, even the camp as it was, and fled Syrians were made to hear when the for their life." So the South sounded its Lord would deliver Israel? "And they triumph.

CHAPTER XI.

THROUGH BALTIMORE.

of Pepperell. Its members were residents of Essex and Middlesex Counties, with its head-quarters at Lowell. Within 18 hours after the reception of orders from the Governor it was on its way to Boston. On the morning of the 18th it passed through New York and, contrary to the prophecies of the Southern sympathizers, met with a triumphant reception in that city. Instead of the streets flowing with blood in a civil encounter according to the predictions of the political croakers who had talked defiantly of the people never permitting Eastern troops to pass through the city to control the Southerners, the men of New England when they arrived were regarded with respect and admiration for their readiness and energy, while many a heartfelt wish was expressed for their safety and success in their patriotic mission.

INTERMEDIATE between these two nights the command of Colonel Edward F. Jones of terror and devastation at Harper's Ferry and Gosport, a scene occurred at Baltimore on the forenoon of the 19th, which was regarded as an ominous indication of the impending struggle. In response to the call upon the States by the President, no one had shown greater alacrity than Governor Andrew of Massachusetts. Keen-sighted to discern the approach of the war, and sensitively alive to the danger to which the Capital was exposed, he had put the militia of his State in readiness for the service which he felt could not be distant. His men were ready at the first summons, and it was his honorable boast afterwards to the Legislature of his State, that "by nine o'clock on the Sabbath morning following the Monday on which the first telegram was received, the whole number of regiments demanded from Massachusetts were already either in Washington or in Fortress Monroe or on their way to the defence of the National Capital." The first of these detachments which went forward was the Sixth Regiment, numbering about 700 men, under

The regiment reached Philadelphia by railway the same day, and early the next morning was forwarded to Baltimore. Here they were met by an outbreak of that ill-feeling and active

APPREHENSIONS OF VIOLENCE.

163

malevolence, which at one time it had receive us." Fully conscious of the dif been so confidently maintained that such ficulty of his position, he announced his a body would be sure to encounter on its intention in the future, as it had been his passage through New York. There endeavor in the past, to preserve the existed, in fact, in Baltimore much people of Maryland from civil war, and stronger elements of opposition, growing invoked the assistance of every true and chiefly out of its more intimate relation loyal citizen to aid him to that end. The with the Southern States. The material mayor of the city of Baltimore, George for a mob is always present in all large William Brown, also issued a Proclamacities and, in the present instance, its tion, in which he spoke of the great diordinary spirit of violence was aggra- vision of opinion existing in relation to vated by political animosity and the "subjects of the gravest political importconfidence which it derived from the ance, and the consequent apprehensions general spirit of hostility to the policy which had arisen in the minds of many indicated in the call of the President that violations of the peace might occur, for troops. The passage of Northern, and earnestly invoked all good citizens and particularly of New England troops to refrain from every act leading to outthrough the city, was especially obnox-break or violence, and to render prompt ious to this portion of the inhabitants assistance to the public authorities, whose in its excited state of feeling. The efforts would be exerted to maintain the arrival of the train with the Massa- peace of the city."* chusetts troops thus became the signal for popular disturbance.

We have seen summons of the Governor Hicks,

the answer to the President given by in his Proclamation

The occasion for this interference was now at hand. The outbreak at Baltimore which these precautionary addresses evidently anticipated, arose on the morning of the 19th, with the arrival of the train of the 18th of April. "In conse- from Philadelphia bringing the Massaquence," he then said, "of our pecu-chusetts regiment, accompanied by a liar position, it is not to be expected body of unarmed Pennsylvania troops. that the people of the State can unani- The cars reached the President street mously agree upon the best mode of pre-depot on the northern side of the city serving the honor and integrity of the about ten o'clock, when its arrival was State, and of maintaining within her limits the signal for the collection of a crowd that peace so earnestly desired by all evidently bent upon opposing the further good citizens. The emergency is great. passage of the troops. To pursue their The consequences of a rash step will be route to Washington it was necessary fearful. It is the imperative duty of that they should traverse a portion of every true son of Maryland to do all the city from one station to another in that he can to arrest the threatened evil. cars drawn by horses. As Colonel Jones' I therefore counsel the people in all ear- regiment was thus passing through Pratt nestness, to withhold their hands from street, the cars were assailed with stones whatever may tend to precipitate us into torn from the pavement and other misthe gulf of discord and ruin gaping to siles, and the way was greatly impeded

* Ante, p. 127.

* Proclamation of Mayor Brown. April 17, 1861.

THE BALTIMORE RIOT.

165

spot in this murderous and unprovoked deposited in the cars and sent back to assault upon good citizens called to the Philadelphia.* discharge of an onerous and honorable Immediately on receiving intelligence public duty, and acting in direct obe- of these events, Governor Andrew of dience to the highest authority of the Massachusetts addressed the following nation. Their names were Addison O. telegraphic message to the Mayor of BaltiWhitney and Luther C. Ladd, from more :-"Sir, I pray you to cause the Lowell. Nine others were wounded, bodies of our Massachusetts soldiers dead one of them, Sumner H. Needham of in Baltimore to be immediately laid out, Lawrence, mortally. Captain Dike re- preserved in ice and tenderly sent forceiving a severe wound in the leg was ward by express to me. All expenses taken up and cared for by some brother will be paid by this Commonwealth." Masons. Nine citizens of Baltimore To this Mayor Brown replied the same were killed, and an unknown number day. "No one," said he, "deplores the wounded. On going through the train sad events of yesterday in this city more on its way to Washington, about one deeply than myself, but they were inhundred and thirty of the Massachu- evitable. Our people viewed the passetts men were found missing. The cars sage of armed troops of another State were assailed with stones on leaving, and through the streets as an invasion of our one of the attacking party was killed by soil, and could not be restrained. The a shot fired by one of the soldiers. authorities exerted themselves to the best of their ability, but with only partial success. Governor Hicks was present, and concurs in all my views as to the proceedings now necessary for our protection. When are these scenes to cease? Are we to have a war of sections? God forbid! The bodies of the Massachusetts soldiers could not be sent on to Boston as you requested: all communication between this city and Philadelphia by railroad, and with Boston by steamers, having ceased; but they have been placed in cemented coffins, and will be placed with proper funeral ceremonies in the mausoleum of Green Mount Cemetery, where they shall be retained until further directions are received from you. The wounded are tenderly cared for. I appreciate your offer, but Baltimore will claim it as her right to pay all expenses incurred." The answer of Governor

The Pennsylvania troops arriving after the rest remained at the depot in the cars, and, being unarmed, did not attempt the passage of the city. General Small, the officer in command, was anxious that they should retire from the danger, but before this could be accomplished, the mob, turning from the attack upon the Massachusetts men, assailed them in the cars with missiles, breaking the windows and inflicting considerable personal injury. Numbers of the Pennsylvanians sprang to the ground, and were there set upon by the infuriated populace. Some took refuge in the neighboring houses, and others continued the fight, while Marshal Kane assisted by "some noble-hearted and fearless citizens" endeavored to arrest the combat, which was carried on in the utmost confusion, as the soldiers being ununiformed as well as without arms, it was difficult to distinguish friend from foe. Most of the troops were finally safely President of Board of Police. Baltimore, May 8, 1861.

*Letter of Geo. P. Kane, Marshal, to Charles Howard

Andrew, the same day, by telegraph, lineal representatives in the historic regicloses this touching correspondence. "I ment, which on the 19th of April, 1861, appreciate," he sent word, "your kind in the streets of Baltimore, baptized our attention to our wounded and our dead, flag anew in heroic blood, when Massaand trust that, at the earliest moment, chusetts marched once more in the the remains of our fallen will be returned sacred cause of liberty and the rights of to us. I am overwhelmed with surprise mankind.'' Rising from the immediate that a peaceful march of American citi- occasion to the height of the great arguzens over the common highway to the ment before the nation, he added:defence of our common Capital should "Grave responsibilities have fallen, in he deemed aggressive to Baltimoreans. the Providence of God, upon the GovThrough New York the march was tri- ernment and the people; and they are umphal." When communication with welcome. They could not have been the East was restored, the remains "ten- safely postponed. They have not arderly cared for" were forwarded to Bos-rived too soon. They will sift and try ton, where, as well as at their resting this people, all who lead and all who folplace at Lowell, they were received with heartfelt public honors.

"How shall I record," said Governor Andrew of Massachusetts, addressing the Legislature of his State on this event, "the grand and sublime uprising of the people, devoting themselves-their lives -their all. No creative art has ever woven into song a story more tender in its pathos or more stirring to the martial blood than the scenes just enacted, passing before our eyes in the villages and towns of our dear old Commonwealth. Henceforth be silent, ye shallow cavillers at New England thrift, economy and peaceful toil! Henceforth let no one dare accuse our northern sky, our icy winters, or our granite hills! 'Oh, what a glorious morning,' was the exulting cry of Samuel Adams, as he, excluded from royal grace, heard the sharp musketry which, on the dawn of the 19th of April, 1775, announced the beginning of the War of Independence. The yeomanry, who in 1775, on Lexington Common and on the banks of the Concord River, first made that day immortal in our annals, have found their

low. But this trial, giving us an heroic present to revive our past, will breathe the inspiration of a new life into our national character and re-assure the destiny of the Republic."*

The afternoon of that same 19th of April, while the town was excited with reports of the mob at Baltimore, there was setting forth from New York a band of young men, among them numerous representatives of the best families in the city, the Seventh Regiment New York State Militia, the admirably drilled and favorite National Guard, a thousand or more in number, all of whom had sprung with alacrity at the first call from the imperilled Capital. The enthusiasm as they passed down Broadway was unparalleled. A gentleman of taste and culture in the ranks, whose death in battle shortly after opened to him "a gate of good fame" in the sympathy of thousands, Mr. Theodore Winthrop, has left an enduring record of that day. "It was worth," says he, "a life, that march. Only one who passed, as we

*Governor Andrew's Address to the Legislature. May 14, 1861.