of his youngest brother Philip, unless the latter was one of that name who was buried at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields on the 26th of September, 1643.

We proceed now to the history of LAWRENCE WASHINGTON, apparently the fifth son of Lawrence and Margaret, and certainly the younger brother of Sir William and Sir John Washington.

Baker was quite correct in stating that he was a student at Oxford in the year 1622. He was of Brasenose College, and matriculated on the 2d of November, 1621. The exact record in the Martriculation Register is as follows: "Laurent: Washington, Northamp: Gen. fil. an. nat. 19;" i. e. Lawrence Washington, of Northamptonshire, whose father's rank was that of a gentleman, and whose own age was nineteen years at his last birthday.

It was not until little more than a year later that the officials commenced entering in the register the christian names and particular residences of the fathers of the students, but in the present instance the above record is almost as satisfactory as it would have been if the other particulars had been given. In the first place, the Washington family of Sulgrave, or Brington, was the only one of the name in Northamptonshire whose sons could be recognized and designated as the sons of gentlemen, unless, indeed, the Heralds of that time omitted others, which is not probable. Secondly, there was no other Lawrence Washington at Oxford for considerable periods before and after this date; unless, again, all the officials were guilty of omissions in all the Registers (for the writer has carefully examined them all), which is even more improbable. And, finally, the will of his aunt Elizabeth, widow of his uncle Robert Washington, dated on the 17th of March, 1622-3, among other legacies to his brothers and sisters, leaves him her husband's seal ring, and states that he was then at Oxford.

Lawrence Washington was born, therefore, about the year 1602. He appears to have entered at Brasenose College as early as 1619, but he did not sign the Subscription Book until November, 1621, under which date his name also appears in the general matriculation register, in connection with thirty-five others-an extraordinary number, and indicating that from some cause this ceremony had hitherto been neglected. He took his B. A. degree in 1623, and became Fellow of Brasenose about 1624. He is recorded as serving the office of lector, then the principal educational office in the college, from 1627 to 1632 inclusive. On the 26th of August, 1631, he became one of the proctors of the university, filling a vacancy that had occurred by the deprivation of his predecessor by royal warrant. On the 14th of March, 1632-3, he was presented to the then very valuable living of Purleigh, in Essex, and resigned his fellowship. The records of a suit in Chancery, preserved at the Rolls Office, perfectly identify the rector of Purleigh with the fellow of Brasenose and the proctor of the university. He continued at Purleigh until the year 1643, when, according to Newcourt, he was "ejected by sequestration for his loyalty in the late rebellion of 1642," and had the honor of being pilloried in the infamous "Century." Walker states that he was afterwards permitted to have and continue upon a Living in these parts; but it was such a poor and miserable one that it was always with difficulty that any one was persuaded to accept of it." The writer has been unable to ascertain the living

mentioned; but it is to be hoped that some further trace of him may yet be discovered in the neighborhood of Purleigh, where, putting the usual construction upon Walker's language, he continued in his profession of a clergyman after the Restoration, and consequently some years after the date of his namesake's emigration to Virginia.

We are now prepared to test the question of identity first raised. Referring again to the facts that the John and Lawrence Washington of the Northamptonshire pedigree were respectively at least sixty-two and fifty-five years of age in 1657, the date of the emigration, and that both of the real emigrants remarried and had issue in Virginia— facts, almost, if not quite, sufficient in themselves to settle the question without further dispute, especially as the evidences in the will of Lawrence of Virginia indicate that he was probably under thirty years of age at the time of his emigration-we may safely leave the issue to the effect of either of the following propositions :

John Washington of Sulgrave and Brington was knighted, and became Sir John, while his brother Lawrence was a clergyman of the Established Church. If they were the Virginia emigrants the one must have abandoned his knighthood, and the other rejected his surplice and bands, for both were never known in Virginia except as "Esquires," or "Gentlemen," and by the latter appellation they described themselves in their wills. For either of these rejections there could have been no possible cause, as Virginia was then a loyal colony, and her established religion that of the mother country. Secondly. Sir John Washington had at least two wives. The first, named Mary, was buried at Islip, in Northamptonshire, while the name of his widow was Dorothy, and she was buried at Fordham in Cambridgeshire. John Washington, gentleman, the Virginia emigrant, states distinctly in his will, dated the 27th of September, 1675, that he brought his first wife from England with him, that she died in Virginia, and was buried with two children on his own plantation, and that his second wife's name was Anne, whom he appointed his executrix.

It is clear, therefore, that if John Washington, son of Lawrence and Margaret of Sulgrave, was identical with Sir John Washington of Thrapston, knight, he could not have been the emigrant to Virginia in 1657; and, as there cannot be the slightest doubt upon that point, the assumption of Sir Isaac Heard and Mr. Baker unquestionably falls to the ground.

On a future occasion the writer proposes to review the Washington pedigree more at large, and to present other more reasonable theories as to the true ancestry of the American President. He has accumulated a large amount of information from almost every source accessible to him, and believes that it embraces the real history of the family; but he yet lacks the positive clue that would solve the mystery, and enable him to reduce the chaotic material to order. He will be very grateful for even the most apparently trifling note concerning the name which may be transmitted to him.*

Any communications may be addressed to the care of W. H. Whitmore, Boston, or John Gough Nichols, Esq., London, Eng.

THE PEDIGREE OF WASHINGTON.

ECONOMY AND SIMPLICITY IN HIGH PLACES IN OLDEN

TIMES.

THE gouerners Expences from the Coart of election: 1651 till the end of October, 1651.*

to beart and Cacks [cakes]

00 00 06

bear and Cacks to himself and som oather gentellmen, 00 01 02
beear and Cacks with mr. downing,‡

bear and A Cack,

00 01 06

00 00 06

00 03 08

To the sargents from the end of the Coart of election: 1651: till the end of October, 1651.

to A man that Caried A Leter to warne a Coart

00 01 06

about the duchman,

to the Sargents,

00 01 02

00 14 03

Mr. Audito', I pray yo" giue a note to Mr. Treasurer for the paym* of 178. 11d. according to these two bills of Joseph Hermitage,§ dated the 7th of the 11th moneth, 1651.

Jo: ENDECOTT, Gou'.

The Court of Election was held at Boston May 7, 1651. The second session of the Court commenced on the 14th of October.

At the October session of the Court a law was passed "that no other but good and wholesome beere be brewed at any time hereafter within this jurisdiction, to be sold either for the supply of shipps or other smaller vessels at sea, or for the vse of travillers, or others in ordynaryes, and that no wrong be done to any in this mistery, it is ordred by this Court and the authoritie thereof, that no person whatsoeuer, after the publication hereof, shall vndertake the callinge or worke of brewinge beere for sale but only such as are knowne to have sufficyent skill and knowledge in the art or mistery of a brewer," &c.

Probably his old friend and associate, Emanuel Downing.

Mr. Felt (Hist. Salem, i. 515) says, "Benjamin Scarlett, who was aged 54 in 1678, came to Salem 1635, when he was bound by his mother to Governor Endicott." So that he was about eleven years old at the time he was apprenticed to the Governor, and had been with. him 16 years at the time he received the eight pence, in the above bill. Mr. Savage says, he was probably son of Mary Scarlett.

This was, without doubt, Joseph Armitage, who, according to Lewis (Hist. Lynn, p. 63) was admitted a freeman in 1637; was a tailor, afterward proprietor of a corn and slitting mill on Saugus river; opened the first tavern in Lynn, called the Anchor. "It stood on the Boston road, a little west of the river. For one hundred and seventy years, this was the most celebrated tavern in Essex county, being half way from Salem to Boston. He died June 27, 1680, aged eighty years. His wife Jane died March 3, 1677. His children were John, and Rebecca, who married Samuel Tarbox in 1665.

In 1643, says the Court Records, "Gooddy Armitage is alowed to keepe the ordinary, but not to drawe wine." In 1646, on petition of Joseph Armitage, it was "ordered, yt whoevr ye towne of Linn shall choose at a legall towne meeting to draw wine, he shall have librty to draw wine there till ye next siting of this Cort." 1648," Joseph Armitage is agreed wth for this yeare for liberty to sell wine, for twenty nobles." A noble was a coin of the value of six shillings and eight pence sterling. It was called noble on account of the purity of its gold.

T.