Pervigilium Veneris, and others may be regarded as a kind of strophe, that is, several verses are separated from each other by a burden or refrain. The number of verses thus separa

ted is not always entirely the same, but an approximation only to equality between the strophes is looked to.

Strophes are also divided according to the rhythm which predominates in them.

I. STROPHES OF THE DOUBLE KIND.

A. Trochaic Strophes.

Anacreon :

Timocreon:

Πῶλε Θρηϊκίη, τί δή με
Λοξὸν ὄμμασι βλέπουσα
Νηλεῶς φεύγεις, δοκέεις δὲ

Μ ̓ οὐδὲν εἰδέναι σοφόν ;

Ἴσθι τοι, καλῶς μὲν ἄν σοι
Τὸν χαλινὸν ἐμβάλοιμι,
Ἡνίας δ ̓ ἔχων στρέφοιμι
Αμφὶ τέρματα δρόμου.

Νῦν δὲ λειμῶνάς τε βόσκεαι,
Κουφά τε σκιρτώσα παίζεις·
Δεξιὸν γὰρ ἱπποπείρην
Οὐκ ἔχεις ἐπεμβάτην.

Ἀλλὰ Τάρταρόν τε ναίειν
Καχέροντα· διὰ σὲ γὰρ πάντ'
Ἔστ ̓ ἐν ἀνθρώποις κακά.

B. Iambic Strophes.

Here belong many Anacreontic poems, which are written in hemiambs. The end of the strophes indeed is not commonly marked rhythmically by a peculiar close, but the strophic structure is easily perceived by the sense and the interpunction. Thus Anacreon and his imitators formed strophes of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and more hemiambs. As an example take Anacr. Carm. XIII. (ια').

Οἱ μὲν καλὴν Κυβήβην

Τὸν ἡμίθηλυν ττιν
Ἐν οὔρεσιν βοῶντα
Λέγουσιν ἐκμανῆναι.

Οἱ δὲ Κλάρου παρ ̓ ὄχθαις
Δαφνηφόροιο Φοίβου

Λάλον πιόντες ὕδωρ

Μεμηνότες βοῶσιν.

Ἐγὼ δὲ τοῦ Λυαίου

Καὶ τοῦ μύρου κορεσθεὶς

Καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ἑταίρης

Θέλω θέλω μανῆναι.

Carm. XXXVIII. (με) has a peculiar close:

This strophe, often used by Sappho, Catullus, Horace and others consists of three series, to which a shorter one is added as a close. The three longer series consist of a logaoedic-dactylic rhythm (dactyl. logaoed. simplex dupliciter troch. acat.) to which a monomet. troch. is prefixed as an introduction. The close is an Adonius. The poets regard the single parts of this strophe sometimes as systematically connected series, sometimes as single verses. This is particularly true of the close, which was regarded as an epode of the third verse, and in the manner of asynartete verses, sometimes connected with the preceding verse, sometimes separated from it.

The Sapphic verse seems not to have had, among the Greeks, a fixed diaeresis or caesura. In Sappho there is commonly a diaeresis after the trochaic monometer, as,

Ποικιλόθρον, ἀθάνατ' Αφροδίτα.
̓Αλλὰ τυίδ ̓ ἔλθ', αἴ ποια κατέρωτα,

sometimes also the caesura after the long of the dactyl, as, Ὠκέες στρουθοὶ, περὶ γᾶς μελαίνας.

Μαινόλᾳ θυμῷ, τίνα δ ̓ αὖτε πείθω,

or after the first short of the same;

Αίψα δ ̓ ἐξίκοντο· τὸ δ ̓, ὦ μάκαιρα.

In Horace the caesura is most usually after the long of the dactyl; and next to this the caesura after the first short of the dactyl, most frequently occurs.

Of Sappho, besides several fragments, two odes in this measure have been preserved: one by Dion. Halic. de comp. verb. c. 23, the other by Longin. περὶ ὕψους c. 10, the latter however is not entire. A portion of the latter was translated by Catullus, Carm. LI. The conclusion is sometimes joined to the preceding verse.

Πυκνὰ δινεῦντες πτέρ ̓ ἀπ' ὠρανῶ αὐθέ

ρος διὰ μέσσω.

Ισδάνει, καὶ πλασίον άδὺ φωνεύ

σας ὑπακούει.

She only allowed herself the hiatus, as it seems, between the first and second or between the second and third verses, between which, however, an elision also might take place.

Catullus has this measure twice: Carm. XI. and LI. The trochaic monometer, in his poems, ends for the most part with the long, but sometimes also with the short, as XI. 6. 15; LI. 12.

Seu Sacas sagittiferosque Parthos.
Pauca nuntiate meae puellae.
Otium, Catulle, tibi molestum est.

In XI. 12, the close is joined with the preceding verse,
Gallicum Rhenum, horribiles et ulti-

mosque Britannos.

Versus hypermetri are found XI. 19; 22.