ἀντ. Παρθένοι όμβροφόροι, Ελθωμεν λιπαρὰν χθόνα Παλλάδος, εὔανδρον γᾶν Οὗ σέβας ἀῤῥήτων ἱερῶν, ἵνα Ἐν τελεταῖς ἁγίαις ἀναδείκνυται, Ἦρί τ' ἐπερχομένῳ Βρομία χάρις, Καὶ Μοῦσα βαρύ βρομος αὐλῶν. The Roman tragedians, also, seem to have used dactylic systems, as Attius: Heu vigiles, properate, expergite, B. Anapaestic Systems. The anapaestic systems are very frequent with the dramatists. They either precede, interrupt, or follow the choruses. In many dramas, as Aeschylus's Agamemnon, Persians, Suppliants; in Sophocles's Ajax, in Rhesus, in Euripides's Hippolytus, and others, the anapaestic systems form the proöde and mark the entrance of the chorus, for which the anapaestic rhythm, which was used also as a marching-rhythm, was particularly adapted. For the same reason many tragedians close with anapaestic systems, which form the exode and mark the departure of the chorus. The anapaestic systems are treated with more or less freedom. The strict systems consist of dimeters, which are sometimes interrupted by a monometer (basis anapaestica.) The dimeter catalect. in syllab., the paroemiac, frequently preceded by the monometer, forms the close. The series are closely connected, whence the hiatus and anceps are allowed only at the close of the system. Both, however, occur in the system itself under certain conditions: (1) In an exclamation or address, as Aesch. Agam. 1537. Ἰὼ γᾶ, γᾶ, εἴθ ̓ ἔμ ̓ ἐδέξω. Soph. Oed. Col. 188. Ἄγε νῦν σύ με, παῖ, Ἵν ̓ ἂν εὐσεβίας ἐπιβαίνοντες. (2) At a change of persons, as Soph. Oed. Col. 139; 170. Οἰδ. Οδ ̓ ἐκεῖνος ἐγώ· φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, Οἰδ. Θύγατερ, ποῖ τις φροντίδος ἔλθῃ· (3) Where in a principal system a part terminates, as Aesch. Pers. 18. Agam. 794. Eur. Hec. 83. Προλιπόντες ἔβαν, Οἱ μὲν ἐφ ̓ ἵππων, οἱ δ ̓ ἐπὶ ναῶν. Αγέλαστα πρόσωπα βιαζόμενοι. Ἔσται τι νέον, Ἥξει τι μέλος κ. τ. λ. the words ἔσται τι νέον are prefixed as a kind of introduction to the following system, and do not, therefore, belong to it. The break of a word occurs very rarely at the end of the dimeter, as Arist. Vesp. 752. Ἵν ̓ ὁ κήρυξ φησὶ, τίς ἀψήφι στος; ἀνιστάσθω. The principal diaeresis of the dimeter is after the second foot, as Aesch. Prom. 167. Η μὴν ἔτ ̓ ἐμοῦ, καίπερ κρατεραῖς Ἐν γυιοπέδαις αἰκιζομένου. The elision does not destroy it, as Soph. Αj. 1411. Τάσδ ̓ ἐπικούφιζ', ἔτι γὰρ θερμαί. The series has sometimes the caesura after the first short of the third foot : as Soph. Aj. 146. μόνο Ἥπερ δορίληπτος ἔτ ̓ ἦν λοιπή. The rhythm is thereby rendered similar to that of the cyclic anapaests. The neglect of the diaeresis and caesura occurs in tragedians in a compound word alone, in the juncture of which the second anapaest ends, as Aesch. Prom. 172. Καί μ' οὔτι μελιγλώσσοις πειθοῦς· in comic writers even in other places, as Arist. Av. 523. Νῦν δ ̓ ἀνδράποδ ̓, ηλιθίους, Μανᾶς. The paroemiac has no fixed caesura or diaeresis. If the last syllable of an anapaest is a monosyllable, then in Aeschylus and Sophocles the first also usually forms a word, as Aesch. Eum. 932. Ὁ δὲ μὴ κύρσας βαρέων τούτων· or both shorts are contained in one word, as Aesch. Prom. 123. Διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα βροτῶν· the first or still more the first two syllables are, however, very rarely the final syllables of the preceding word, as Aesch. Pers. 47. Choeph. 1009. Δίδυμά τε καὶ τρίδυμα τέλη. Μίμνοντι δὲ καὶ πάθος ἀνθεῖ. The spondee can everywhere stand for the anapaest. Spondees are especially crowded together, when the subject requires a grave, gloomy rhythm, as Aesch. Prometh. 1076 sqq. Μὴ δῆτ', αὐταὶ δ ̓ ὑμᾶς αὐτὰς, When the paroemiac receives the spondee in the place of the third anapaest, the close resembles that of the spondaic hexameter, and produces a similar effect, as Aesch. Agam. 366. Suppl. 8. Pers. 32. Βέλος ἠλίθιον σκήψειεν. Paroemiacs consisting of pure spondees occur in the freer anapaestic systems alone. The proceleusmatic instead of the anapaest is not found in the tragedians, but in comic poets, especially in the first place of the dimeter, as Arist. Nub. 916. Διὰ σὲ δὲ φοιτᾶν. The dactyls can stand for the anapaest. Sometimes entire dimeters occur consisting of dactyls alone, as Aesch. Αgam. 1553. Κάππεσε, κάτθανε, καὶ καταθάψομεν. Eur. Hippol. 1361. Πρόσφορά μ' αἴρετε, σύντονα δ ̓ ἕλκετε. The dimeter with tragedians, especially Sophocles, rarely closes with a dactyl, if no dactyl precedes it, as Aesch. Suppl. 6. Χθόνα σύγχορτον Συρία φεύγομεν. An anapaest never follows a dactyl in the same dipody; in comic poets, however, this occurs sometimes, as Arist. Pac. 169. Καὶ μύρον ἐπιχεῖς ; ὡς ἤν τι πεσών. The immediate succession of the two feet in different dipodies is rare in tragedians, as Eur. Elec. 1319. Μητρὸς ὑφέξω. θάρσει Παλλάδος The paroemiac admits the dactyl in the first foot only, and even then seldom, as Aesch. Choeph. 379. Παισὶ δὲ μᾶλλον γεγένηται. With the paroemiac a sentence usually closes; hence an interpunction falls after it; sometimes, however, the sentence runs over into the following system, as Aesch. Suppl. 5. Νείλου. δῖαν δὲ λιποῦσαι Χθόνα σύγχορτον Συρία φεύγομεν. It is not necessary that in antistrophic systems feet should correspond to feet, but series to series. As an example of an anapaestic system take Aesch. Prom. 1080 549. Καὶ μὴν ἔργῳ κοὐκ ἔτι μύθῳ Βρυχία δ' ἠχὼ παραμυκᾶται Στρόμβοι δὲ κόνιν εἱλίσσουσι· Στάσιν ἀντίπνουν ἀποδεικνύμενα· Ἐσορᾷς μ' ὡς ἔκδικα πάσχω. The freer systems differ from those just described in this that the paroemiac occurs not only at the end but also in the beginning and middle, and is several times repeated. The diaeresis of the dimeter is frequently neglected. The proceleusmatic occurs frequently; in like manner spondees are accumulated, especially in the paroemiac, which frequently consists of nothing but spondees. In the paroemiac, not only the second but often, at the same time, the first and second foot may be a dactyl, as Eur. Hec. 99. Πέμψατε, δαίμονες, ἱκετεύω. The anapaest may follow the dactyl in the same dipody, as Eur. Troad. 194. Τὰν παρὰ προθύροις φυλακὰν κατέχουσ'. The close connection of the series is less strictly observed; hence the hiatus and anceps occur frequently. Other rhythms often interrupt or close the system. In Euripides the tripodia anap. cat., occurs often, frequently in spondees, as Eur. Ion. 908, 909. Ὃς γ ̓ ὀμφὰν κληροῖς As an example take Eur. Ion. 859-922. |