24. My shoes cost me 2 dollars, my books 5, my hat 5, my cloak 20, and my other garments 10; what are they all worth? 25. The distance from Bradford to Salem is 22 miles, from Salem to Marblehead 4 miles; what is the whole distance?

26. From Lowell to Haverhill is 20 miles, from Haverhill to Newburyport is 14 miles; what is the whole distance?

27. A boy has 15 cents in each of his two pockets, and 5 in each hand; how many has he?

28. A girl gave 17 cents for cherries, 5 for apples, and 7 for peaches; what did they all cost?

29. A man gave 11 dollars for a plough, 15 dollars for a cart, 5 dollars for a wheelbarrow, and 10 dollars for a wagon; what did they all cost?

30. A butcher gave 12 dollars for an ox, 9 dollars for a cow, and 7 dollars for three pigs; what did they all cost?

31. A farmer has 25 apple trees, 10 pear trees, and 15 peach trees; how many in all?

32. A merchant receives 18 barrels of flour by one vessel, 12 by another, and 12 by another; how many has he?

33. A boy at one time lost 7 marbles, at another 5, at another 8, at another 12; how many has he lost?

34. Thomas gave 17 cents for a whip, 13 cents for a top, 12 for a knife, and 10 for marbles; how much did he lay out?

35. Gave 60 dollars for a horse, 30 for a wagon; what did they both cost?

36. A boy at a Sabbath school committed at one lesson 25 verses, at another 15 verses, at another 20 verses; how many did he commit in all?

37. I owe a merchant 7 dollars for sugar, 5 dollars for coffee, 17 for flour, 3 dollars for tea, and 2 dollars for salt; what is the whole sum due?

38. A laborer worked 9 days for one man, 11 days for another, 7 for another, 6 for another, 10 for another, and 3 for another; how many days has he labored?

Let the pupil perform the last 10 questions on his slate, and hence notice, that

ADDITION is the collecting of numbers together to find their

sum.

RULE.

Write units under units, tens under tens, &c. Then add upwards the units, and find how many tens are contained in their sum. Write down directly below what remains more than those tens; or, if nothing remains, write down a cipher and carry as many units to the next column, as there are tens. Then add up the second column together with the number carried, in the same manner as before. Proceed in this way, till the whole is finished, writing down the total amount in the last column.

PROOF.

Begin at the top, and add together all the columns of numbers downwards, in the same manner, as they were before added upwards; then if the two sums agree, the work is right.

13. Add the following numbers, 763, 4663, 37, 49763, 6178, and 671.

Ans. 62075.

14. A butcher sold to A 369 lbs. of beef, to B 169 lbs., to C 861 lbs., to D 901 lbs., to E 71 lbs., and to F 8716 lbs. ; what did they all receive? Ans. 11087 lbs.

15. A owes to one creditor 596 dollars, to another 3961, to another 581, to another 6116, to another 469, to another 506, to another 69381, and to another 1261. What does he owe them all? Ans. $82871.

16. If a boy earn 17 cents a day, how much will he earn in a week? Ans. 119 cts. 17. If a man's wages be 19 dollars per month, what are they per year? Ans. $228. 18. If a boy receive a present every new year's day of 1783 dollars, how much money will he possess, when he is 21 years old? Ans. $37443.

19. How many inhabitants are there in Essex county? Haverhill having 3912, Bradford 1856, Methuen 2011, Andover 4540, Boxford 937, Newburyport 6338, Newbury 3603, West Newbury 1586, Rowley 2044, Ipswich 2951, Danvers 4228,

Essex 1345, Topsfield 1011, Lynn 6138, Saugus 960, Middleton 607, Marblehead 5150, Salem 13886, Lynnfield 617, Gloucester 7513, Beverly 4079, Hamilton 743, Wenham 612, Salisbury 2519, Manchester 1238, and Amesbury 2445. Ans. 82869.

20. Of how many members does the British House of Commons consist? England sending county members, 143; Isle of Wight, 1; universities, 4; cities, boroughs, and cinque ports, 323; Wales, county members, 15; boroughs, 14; Scotland, county members, 30; cities and boroughs, 23; Ireland, county members, 64; university, 2; cities and boroughs, 30?

Ans. 649.

21. How many are the members of Congress? There being 2 Senators from each State; and New Hampshire sending 5 Representatives; Massachusetts 12, Maine 8, Connecticut 6, Rhode Island 2, Vermont 5, New York 40, New Jersey 6, Pennsylvania 28, Delaware 1, Maryland 8, North Carolina 13, South Carolina 9, Georgia 9, Kentucky 13, Tennessee 13, Ohio 19, Alabama 5, Mississippi 2, Missouri 2, Illinois 3, Virginia 21, Louisiana 3, Indiana 7. Ans. 288.

22. According to the census of 1830, Maine had 399437 inhabitants, New Hampshire 269367; Massachusetts 610014; Connecticut 297513; Rhode Island 97210; Vermont 280679; New York 1913508; New Jersey 320779; Pennsylvania 1347672; Delaware 76739; Maryland 446913; Virginia 1211272; North Carolina 738470; South Carolina 581458; Georgia 516567; Ohio 937679; Kentucky 688844; Indiana 341582; Illinois 157575; Missouri 140192; Tennessee 684833; Louisiana 215762; Alabama 308997; Mississippi 136806; Florida Territory_34723; Michigan Territory 31260; Arkansas Territory 30383; District of Columbia 39858. What is the whole number of inhabitants? Ans. 12,856,092.

SECTION III.

MENTAL OPERATIONS IN SUBTRACTION.

1. If 3 be taken from 4, how many will be left? If 2 be taken from 5, how many will be left? If 5 be taken from 9, how many will be left? What will remain, if 7 be taken from 10? 8 from 13? 7 from 11? 13 from 16? 3 from 20? 5 from 15? 10 from 19? 7 from 15? 7 from 14? 3 from 10? 4 from 12? 5 from 19? 19 from 21? 7 from 16? 7 from 19? 4 from 20? 13 from 17? 18 from 28? 3 from 27? 7 from 18? 6 from 16? 13 from 21? 16 from 19? 16 from 23? 16 from 26? 11 from 19? 13 from 19? 13 from 14? 27 from 29? 21 from 23? 12 from 17? 12 from 19? 12 from 21? 18 from 17? 14 from 19? 14 from 15? 14 from 21?

2. Sold an apple for 6 cents, and a knife for 13 cents. much more did I receive for my knife, than for the apple?

How

3. Gave 7 dollars for an umbrella, and 10 dollars for a coat. How much more did the coat cost than the umbrella?

4. Bought a horse for 21 dollars, and sold it for 30 dollars. How much did I gain?

5. Bought a book for 35 cents and sold it for 25 cents. How much did I lose?

6. Bought a bunch of quills for 26 cents and sold it for 30 cents. How much did I gain?

7. Bought a chaise for 90 dollars, and a horse for 80 dollars; how much more did the chaise cost than the horse?

8. Received 25 dollars from one man and 15 dollars from another; how much more did I receive from the first than the last?

9. James has 17 nuts, he gave 6 to Benjamin; how many has he left?

10. A boy went to market with 50 cents, he gave 20 cents for butter, and 15 cents for cheese; how much has he left?

11. Fifteen black birds are on a tree, a man fired and killed 12 of them; how many were left on the tree?

12. Samuel had 20 cents, he spent 3 for raisins, and 4 for apples; how many has he left?

13. John has 15 apples, he gave 4 to Thomas, and 7 to Dick; how many has he left? and how many more has Dick than Thomas?

14. William is 17 years old, and Enoch is 9; how much older is William than Enoch? and what is the sum of their ages?

15. Mary lost 12 cents, and Jane 15 cents; how many did Jane lose more than Mary? and what did they both lose?

16. Seth has 25 nuts, he gave 4 to Abel, 5 to John, and 6 to Samuel; how many has he left?

17. If a barrel of pork is worth 15 dollars, and a barrel of beef is worth 12 dollars; how much is the pork worth more than the beef?

18. The distance from Haverhill to Boston is 30 miles, to Salem is 22; how much farther is it to Boston than Salem?

19. I have a book of 75 pages, I have read 60 of them; how many remain to be read?

20. I have a field of 48 rows of corn, I have hoed 30 of them ; how many remain?

21. Benjamin has a basket of quinces, 41 in number; he gave 7 to James, 8 to Moses, and 5 to his sister; how many has he left?

22. A farmer has 18 turkeys; 3 the foxes killed, and 7 he carried to market; how many has he left?

23. Bought a whip for 50 cents, and sold it for 75 cents; what did I gain?

24. Bought a load of hay for 25 dollars, and sold it for 17 dollars; what did I lose?

25. Found 63 dollars, and lost 5 at one time, and 10 at another; how many have I left?

26. James has 43 cents, and Thomas 20; James gave Thomas 3 of his; how many more has James than Thomas?

27. I wish to pay a debt of 50 dollars; John gave me 12 dollars, and Samuel gave 15; how much do I lack of having enough? 28. I have 80 cents; I wish to give 20 to Peter, 8 to John, and 5 to Luke; how many shall I have left?

29. John had 30 marbles; he lost half of them, and then gave away 5; how many had he left?

30. A farmer had 46 sheep, the wolves killed 15, and the dogs 20; how many had he left?'

Let the pupil perform the last 12 questions on the slate, and hence notice, that

SUBTRACTION teaches to take one number from another to find the difference.

RULE.

Place the less number under the greater; units under units, and tens under tens. Begin with the units, and take the lower figure from the upper figure, and place the difference between them immediately under the units; but, if the upper figure be less than the lower figure, add ten to the upper one, and place the difference between them under the units as before, and carry one to the next number at the bottom, and proceed thus till all the numbers are subtracted.

NOTE.

- The upper line is called the Minuend, and the lower one the Subtrahend. The result of the question is called the Remainder.

PROOF.

Add the Remainder to the Subtrahend, and if their sum be like the Minuend, the work is right.