Page

31. Mirabeau's speech in reply,

29

32. Discussion as to vesting right of making peace and war in the crown,

33. Mirabeau's speech in favour of the crown on this point,

30

31

34. Settlement on the crown,

32

35. Abolition of titles of honour,

ib.

36. Reflections on this change,

37. Military organisation,

38. Extraordinary difficulties experienced by the military in contending with

the people,

39. General establishment of national guards,

40. And of armed pikemen in the towns,

41. Fearful depreciation of assignats,

42. Argument of the Abbé Maury and Talleyrand against their further issue,

43. Mirabeau's argument in favour of the assignats,

44. Their rapid fall, .

45. Preparations for a fête on the 14th July,

46. Particulars of the fête,

47. Accusation of the Duke of Orleans and Mirabeau,

48. Noble speech of Cazalès on this occasion,

49. Retirement of Necker,

50. Change of ministry,

51. Revolt at Metz and Nancy,

52. Character of M. de Bouillé,

53. Great difficulties of de Bouillé's situation,

54. Bouillé marches against Nancy,

55. Bloody action there,

56. Tumult in Paris, and proceedings in the Assembly,

57. Frightful disorders in different parts of France,

58. New ecclesiastical oath. Its disastrous effects,

59. Reasons which led them to resist this oath,

60. Remarkable speech and prophecy of Cazalès on this occasion,

61. Noble conduct of the clergy in refusing the oath,

62. Ruinous effects of this measure,

63. Revolutionary law of inheritance,

64. Clubs of Paris. Jacobins and Monarchiens,

33

34

ib.

36

37

38

ib.

39

40

41

ib.

43

44

ib.

45

46

47

48

ib.

49

50

51

53

54

ib.

55

56

57

58

65. Departure for Rome of the Princesses Adelaide and Victoria,

74. Changed views of the literary men in Paris on the Revolution,

70

75. Debate in the Assembly on the punishment of death, and Robespierre's

speech on it,

ib.

76. Designs of the royal family to effect their escape,

77. M. de Bouillé's arrangements for the journey,

78. Preparations at Paris for the escape of the royal family,

72

73

74

75

80. Journey to Varennes, and extraordinary fatalities which caused it to miscarry, 77

81. The King reveals himself to the mayor, who takes measures to arrest the

party,

82. He is forcibly detained till the aides-de-camp of Lafayette arrive,

83. Arrest of the King, and his return to Paris,

84. Real causes of the failure of the journey to Varennes,

85. Consternation at Paris; commissioners sent for the King, and Barnave

won to the royal cause,

.

86. Return to Paris, and barbarity of the people on the road,

87. Universal consternation in Paris on this event,

88. Proceedings in the Assembly,

8888

78

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

89. Return of the royal family to Paris,

87

90. Views of the parties on the flight of the King,

88

91. First open avowal of republican principles, and new division of parties in

the Assembly,

92. The royal authority is suspended by a decree of the Assembly,

93. Object of the Republicans,

94. Argument of Robespierre against the King,

95. And of Barnave in reply,

96. Revolt in the Champ de Mars,

97. Vigorous measures of the Assembly. Victory of Lafayette,

98. But the Constitutionalists do not follow it up,

99. Proposal to modify the constitution,

100. Self-denying ordinance,

102. Closing of the Assembly,

101. The King reinvested with his power,

103. Merits of the Constituent Assembly,

104. And its errors and faults,

91

ib.

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

105. Which were all committed in the face of their instructions,

103

106. Vicious principle which led to all these disasters,

ib.

107. Fatal creation of revolutionary interests,

104

108. Proves the impossibility of extinguishing revolutionary passion by concession, 105

109. Cause to which this was owing,

106

110. When should resistance to revolution be made?

107

111. Undue humanity and irresolution of the King,

108

112. Treachery of the troops, and emigration of the noblesse,

109

CHAPTER VII.

FROM THE OPENING OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY TO THE FALL OF THE MONARCHY.
SEPTEMBER 14, 1791-AUGUST 10, 1792.

1. Great experiment in government made by the Constituent Assembly,

6. Total want of property or decorum in the new Assembly, and dangerous

9. Opening of the Legislative Assembly,

10. General character of the Assembly,

11. Parties in the Assembly. The Feuillants. Character of Madame de

Page

117

118

119

120

121

123

ib.

125

126

127

128

129

21. Composition of the Jacobin Club, and tests applied previous to admission, 130

33. His character and principles,

34. His personal appearance and weaknesses,

35. Club of the Jacobins,

ib.

142

143

32. His character has been disfigured by his contemporaries,

145

ib.

146

148

41. Decree against the emigrants,

36. Views of the King at this period,

37. Formation of the Constitutional Guard of the King,

38. Vehement discontent of the church,

39. Argument of Brissot and others against the emigrants,

40. Answer of the Constitutionalists,

42. Argument in favour of the clergy in the Assembly,

43. Severe decrees against the clergy,

44. The King refuses to sanction these decrees,

45. Election of a Mayor of Paris,

46. Distraction and misery of France,

47. Decay and ruin of the navy,

149

150

151

ib.

152

153

ib.

154

155

156

157

159

54. Fall of the ministry, and admission of the Girondists to power,

55. Character of Dumourier,

165

166

56. Of M. Roland,

ib.

57. Increasing difficulties of government, and distress of the country,

58. The disasters of the war augment the King's danger,

167

168

59. Debate on the disbanding of the royal guard,

170

Page

60. The King is forced to sanction the disbanding,

62. New ministry,

63. New ministry from the Feuillants,

64. The King's secret correspondence with the Allies,

65. Efforts of Lafayette to support the throne,

66. The Girondists plan a revolt of the populace,

171

61. Resolute resistance of the King to the decree against the church,

172

173

174

176

ib.

177

178

67. Coalition of the Girondists and the Jacobins against the crown,

68. Reasons which induced the Girondists to act immediately,

69. Disgraceful tumult on the 20th June,

70. The petitioners are supported by the Girondists, and received in the

71. Means by which the mob force the entry of the palace gates,

72. The palace invaded by the multitude,

73. Heroic conduct of the Queen and Princess Elizabeth,

74. First appearance of Napoleon,

79. The Girondists openly aim at overturning the throne. Debates in the

Assembly on that subject,

193

80. Country declared in danger,

194

81. Fête of 14th July,

195

82. Vast accession of strength to the Revolutionary party from the rest of France, 196

83. Character of Pétion,

88. Impolicy of this proclamation when not followed up by active measures, 202

104. Frightful massacres by which the victory of the insurgents was stained,

105. Revolting cruelty of the women,

220

221

106. Small additional force which would have saved the monarchy,

107. Reflections on the fall of the monarchy,

223

224

108. The middle orders begin a revolution, but the mob finish it,

225

109. The Constituent Assembly had destroyed the elements of freedom in

110. Errors of the Allies which led to these events,

111. Fatal effects of the want of religious principle in France,

112. Coincidence of the successive leaders of the Revolution with the characters
of its stages,

CHAPTER VIII.

FRENCH REPUBLIC-FROM THE DETHRONEMENT TO THE DEATH OF LOUIS.

AUGUST 10, 1792—JANUARY 21, 1793.

Page

226

227

228

229

1. Progressive deterioration of the ruling powers in France,

231

7. Reappointment of the Girondist ministry,

8. Disposal of the King and royal family,

9. They are transferred to the Temple,

10. The armies obey the ruling powers,

11. Fall and flight of Lafayette,

12. Furious demands for blood by the municipality of Paris,

13. Institution of the Revolutionary Tribunal,

232

233

ib.

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

14. Formation and first proceedings of the Revolutionary Tribunal,

243

15. Its first victims, and adoption of the guillotine,

ib.

16. Death of Bachman and Durosoi,

244

17. Consternation produced by the advance of the Prussians, and plan for a

18. The barriers closed, and the Assembly dissolves the municipality,

19. Speech of Vergniaud to the deputation of the municipality,

28. Heroism of Monnot, and Mademoiselles de Sombreuil and Cazotte,

34. Massacres in the Conciergerie, Bicètre, and Salpetrière,