VI, That the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government ought to be forever separate and diftin&t from each other.

VII. That no power of fufpending laws, or the execution of laws, unless by, or derived from, the legislature, ought to be exercised or

allowed.

VIII. That freedom of fpeech and debates, or proceedings in the legislature, ought not to be impeached in any other court of judicature.

IX. That a place for the meeting of the legislature ought to be fixed, the most convenient to the Members thereof, and to the depofitory of public records; and the legislature ought not to be convened or held at any other place, but from evident neceffity.

X. That for redrefs of grievances, and for amending, ftrengthening and preferving the laws, the legislature ought to be frequently convened.

XI. That every man hath a right to petition the legislature for the redress of grievances, in a peaceable and orderly manner.

XII. That no aid, charge, tax, fee or fees, ought to be fet, rated, or levied, under any pretence, without confent of the legiflature.

XIII. That

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go.

XIII. That the levying taxes by the poll is grievous and oppreffive, and ought to be abo lifhed; that paupers ought not to be affeffed for the support of government; but every other perfon in the State ought to contribute his portion of public taxes for the fupport of vernment, according to his actual worth in real or perfonal property within the State; yet fines, duties, or taxes, may properly and justly be imposed or laid with a political view for the good government and benefit of the community.

XIV. That fanguinary laws ought to be avoided, as far as is confiftent with the fafety of the State; and no law to inflict cruel and unufual pains and penalties ought to be made in any cafe, or at any time hereafter.

XV. That retrospective laws, punishing facts committed before the existence of fuch laws, and by them only declared criminal, are oppreffive, unjust, and incompatible with liberty, wherefore no ex poft facto law ought to be made.

XVI. That no law to attaint particular perfons of treafon or felony ought to be made in any cafe, or at any time hereafter.

XVII. That

XVII. That every freeman, for any injury done him in his perfon or property, ought to have remedy by the courfe of the law of the land, and ought to have justice and right, freely without fale, fully without any denial, and speedily without delay, according to the law of the land.

XVIII. That the trial of facts where they arife, is one of the greateft fecurities of the lives, liberties, and eftates of the people. ::

XIX. That in all criminal profecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of the accufation against him, to have a copy of the indictment or charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his defence, to be allowed Counfel, to be confronted with the witneffes against him, to have process for his witneffes, to examine the witneffes for and against him on oath, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without whofe unanimous confent he ought not to be found guilty."

XX. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in a court of common law, or in any other court, but in fuch cases as have been usually practifed in this State, or may hereafter be directed by the legislature. XXI. That

XXI. That no freeman ought to be taken or imprisoned, or diffeifed of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land.

XXII. That exceffive bail ought not to be required, nor exceffive fines impofed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted by the courts of law.

XXIII. That all warrants without oath or affirmation, to fearch fufpected places, or to feize any perfon or property, are grievous and oppreffive; and all general warrants to fearch fufpected places, or to apprehend suspected perfons, without naming or describing the place or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not to be granted.

XXIV. That there ought to be no forfeiture of any part of the estate of any person for any crime, except murder, or treafon against the State, and then only on conviction and attainder.

XXV. That a well regulated militia is the proper and natural defence of a free govern

ment.

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XXVI. That

XXVI. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised or kept without confent of the legislature.

XXVII. That in all cafes and at all times the military ought to be under ftrict fubordination to, and controul of, the civil power.

XXVIII. That no foldier ought to be quartered in any house in time of peace, without the confent of the owner; and in time of war, in fuch manner only as the legislature shall direct.

XXIX. That no perfon, except regular foldiers, mariners, and marines in the fervice of this State, or militia when in actual fervice, ought in any cafe to be subject to, or punishable by, martial law.

XXX. That the independency and uprightnefs of Judges are effential to the impartial administration of justice, and a great security to the rights and liberties of the people; wherefore the Chancellor and Judges ought to hold their commiffions during good behaviour ; and the faid Chancellor and Judges fhall be removed for misbehaviour, on conviction in a court of law, and may be removed by the Governor upon the addrefs of the General Affembly, provided that two-thirds of all the

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