Diplomatic relations, breaking off of, Feudalism, influence of, 16, 19.
Discovery of America, 18; a method of acquiring territory, 98. Dispatches, carriage of, 308. Disputes, amicable settlement of, 217-225.
Domicile, papers proving, 128. Draft of treaties, 203.
"Due diligence," in the Alabama case, 297.
Eastern and non-Christian states, powers of consuls in, 193-196. East India Company, powers of, 54,
Educational institutions, exemption of, 239, 240.
Egypt, relations of, to Great Powers, 92; mixed courts of, 141. Embargo, defined, 221, 222.
'Enemy's ships, enemy's goods," doctrine of, 22, 300.
Enemy subjects, status of, 238. English orders in council of 1806 and 1807, 315.
Enlistment of troops for belligerent service, 295.
Envoys. See Ambassadors, Diplo- matic Agents. Equality of states, 68, 88-93. Equity, a basis of international law, 10.
Estuaries, as affecting jurisdiction, 108.
Exchange, as a means of acquiring
territory, 100; of prisoners of war, 263, 265.
Exequatur, form of, 190; what it relates to, 190, 191, 194, 195. Exploration, exemption of vessels engaged in, 245, 246. Exterritoriality, what it is, 134 et seq., 177.
Extradition, law as to, 142-146.
False colors, use of, 252.
"Favored nation." See Most Fa- vored Nation.
Financial transactions, intervention on the ground of, 86, 87. Fisheries, on the high seas, 114; Canadian, 114-116; Bering Sea, 116.
Fishing vessels, exemption of, from capture, 246.
Flags of truce, use of, 253, 264, 265, 267-269, 272.
Foraging, when may be resorted to,
Forbidden methods in war, 252-254. Foreign-born subjects, jurisdiction over, 122.
Foreign Enlistment Act of Great Britain, 283.
France, recognition of republic of, 45-47; relation of, to balance of power, 83; one of the Great Powers, 90; friendship of, with Russia, 93; sale of territory to, by Monaco, 101; by Sweden, 101; partition of Africa by, 103; jurisdiction of, over certain gulfs, 108; treaty of, with England as to enclosed waters, 108; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; jurisdiction over for- eign merchantmen within her ports, 120, 121; as to foreign-born subjects, 122-124; marriage, 125; naturalization, 127; sale of forests of, by Prussians, 261; termination of wars of, 271; relations of, to neutrality and neutralization, 278, 279; citizens of, on expedition dur- ing Franco-German War, 289; views of, as to horses as contra- band, 305.
"Free ships, free goods," doctrine of, 247, 278, 300-303.
Gallatin, Minister, liability of ser- vant of, to local jurisdiction, 180. Garfield, President, testimony of foreign minister at trial of assas- sin of, 179.
Genêt, M., action of, as to privateers
in the United States, 282; consular prize courts of, 325. Geneva Arbitration, treaty as to, 204; the Alabama case at the, 297. Geneva Convention, as laying down new rules, 32; sick and wounded under, 264, 280; provisions of, 395- 399.
Germany, Confederation, 51; one of the Great Powers, 90; a party to the Triple Alliance, 92; partition of Africa by, 103; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; juris- diction of, over foreign-born sub- jects, 123, 124; citizens of, in China, 131; volunteer navy of, 255; sale of French forests by, 261; application of, to transport wounded across Belgium, 287; law of, as to prize money, 327.
Gift, as a means of acquiring terri- tory, 100.
Good offices, settlement of disputes by resorting to, 218.
Government of armies of United States, 331-365. Grant, President,
France by, 45; proclamation of, as to belligerent vessels leaving United States ports, 291, 292. Great Britain, diplomatic papers of, 34; protectorates of, 52, 53; power of, over various companies, 54, 55; recognition of belligerency by, 60; relations of, to treaty of Utrecht, 76; difference of, with Venezuela, 78; intervention of, in affairs of Denmark, 80; relation of, to bal- ance of power, 83; one of the Great Powers, 90; attitude of, at the congress of Troppau, 90; Verona, 91; cession of Horse-shoe Reef by, to United States, 100; sale of ter- ritory to, by Netherlands, 101; partition of Africa by, 103; treaty of, with France as to enclosed waters, 108; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111; attitude of, as to the three-mile limit, 112-114;
treaties of, as to Canadian fish- eries, 114-116; Bering Sea, 116, 117; territorial waters jurisdic- tion act of, 120; jurisdiction of, over foreign-born subjects, 123; attitude of, as to naturalization, 127; jurisdiction of, over aliens, 131; immunities of diplomatic agents of, 180 et seq.; protectorate of, over Ionian Islands, 214; war of, with the Transvaal, 230; volun- teer navy of, 256; guaranty of, as to Suez Canal, 280; neutrality laws of, 283; attitude of, as to, Terceira affair, 288; Alabama case, 297; contraband, 307; convoy, 313; blockade, 319, 320; continuous voyages, 320-324; law of, as to prize money, 327.
Great Powers, enumeration of, 90; policy of, 90-93.
Greece, in early international law, 13; recognition of, 44; interven- tion in affairs of, 84, 211; attitude of Great Powers as to, 91, 92, 279; recall of citizens by, 130; pacific blockade of, 223; volunteer navy of, 256. Guaranty, treaties of, 211; as to canals, 279, 280.
Guerilla troops, status of, 236. Guidon de la Mar. See Sea Laws. Gulfs, as affecting jurisdiction, 108.
Hostages, when last given, 9 n.; in¦ 63, 64; general rights and obliga-
Immunities and privileges of diplo- matic agents, 175-182; consuls, 194-197.
Independence of states, 68, 74-87. Indians, extinguishment of title of, 99.
Individuals under international law, 56.
Inequalities among states, court prec-
edence, 89; matters of ceremonial, 89; weight of influence, 89–93. Institute of international law, as to marine jurisdiction, 113; pacific blockade, 223.
Instructions to diplomatic agents, 163, 202; for United States armies, 331-365.
Insurgents, who are, 56-58. Intercourse of states, 70. International law, definition and general scope of, 3-5; nature of, 6-11; historical development of, in early period, 12-14; in middle period, 14-19; in modern period, 19-24; writers, 24-28; sources of, practice and usage, 29, 30; prec- edent and decisions, 30, 31; treaties and state papers, 31-33; text writers, 33, 34; diplomatic papers, 34, 35; states, definition, 39, 40; nature, 40, 41; recognition of new, 41-49; legal persons having qualified status, members of con- federations, etc., 50, 51; neutral- ized states, 51, 52; protectorates, suzerainties, etc., 51-53; corpora- tions, 54, 55; individuals, 56; in- surgents, 56–58; belligerents,59-63; communities not fully civilized,
tions of states, existence, 67, 68; independence, 68; equality, 68, 69; jurisdiction, 69; property, 69, 70; intercourse, 70; existence, appli- cation of the right, 71, 72; ex- tension of the right to subjects, 72, 73; independence, manner of exer- cise, 74, 75; balance of power, 75, 76; Monroe Doctrine, 77, 78; non- intervention, 78, 79; practice as to intervention, 79-87; equality in general, 88, 89; inequalities, 89– 93; jurisdiction, in general, 96; domain, 97, 98; method of acquisi- tion, 98-102; qualified, 103, 104; maritime and fluvial, 104, 105; rivers, 105, 106; navigation of rivers, 106-108; enclosed waters, 108-112; the three-mile limit, 112– 114; fisheries, 114-117; vessels, 117-121; personal, general-nation- ality, 121, 122; natural-born sub- jects, 122; foreign-born subjects, 122-124; acquired nationality, 125– 130; jurisdiction over aliens, 130– 133; exemptions from jurisdiction, 134, 135; sovereigns, 135, 136; state officers and property, 136- 139; special exemptions, 139–141; extradition, 142-146; servitudes, 146, 147; property, in general, 148, 149; of the state, 149; diplomacy and international relations in time of peace, general development, 151, 152; diplomatic agents, 152- 159; suite, 160; who may send diplomatic agents, 160, 161; who may be sent, 161, 162; credentials, instructions, passport, 162-165; ceremonial, 165-170; functions, 170-172; termination of mission, 172-175; immunities and privi- leges, 175-182; diplomatic practice of the United States, 183-186; consuls, 186-197; treaties, defini- tion, 198, 199; other forms of international agreements, 199-202; negotiation of, 202-209; validity of,
209-210; classification of, 210-212; interpretation of, 212-214; ter- mination of, 214-216; amicable settlement of disputes, 217-219; non-hostile redress, 220; retorsion, 220, 221; reprisals, 221; embargo, 221, 222; Pacific blockade, 223- 225; war, definition, 229; com- mencement, 229, 230; declaration, 231, 232; object, 232, 233; general effects, 233, 234; status of persons in war, persons affected by war, 235; combatants, 235-237; non- combatants, 237, 238; status of property on land, public property of the enemy, 239, 240; real prop- erty of enemy subjects, 240, 241; personal property of enemy sub- jects, 241-244; status of property at sea, vessels, 245, 246; goods, 247; submarine telegraphic cables, 248; conduct of hostilities, bellig- erent occupation, 250-252; forbid- den methods, 252-254; privateers, 254, 255; volunteer and auxiliary navy, 255-257; capture and ran- som, 257-259; postliminium, 260- 262; prisoners and their treatment, 262-264; non-hostile relations of belligerents, 264-269; termination of war, methods of, 270; by con- quest, 270, 271; by cessation of hos- tilities, 271, 272; treaty of peace, 272-274; definition of neutrality, 277; forms of neutrality and of neutralization, 277-280; history, 280-283; declaration, 283, 284; divisions, 284; relations of neutral states and belligerent states, gen- eral principles of the relations between states, 285, 286; neutral territorial jurisdiction, 286-289; regulations of neutral relations, 289-293; no direct assistance by Jus fetiale, defined, 7, 13. neutral, 293-295; positive obliga- Jus gentium, defined, 7, 14. tions of a neutral state, 295-297; Jus inter gentes, defined, 7, 14. neutral relations between states Jus naturale, defined, 6. and individuals: ordinary com-
306; penalty for carrying contra- band, 306, 307; unneutral service, 308-310; visit and search, 310–313; convoy, 313, 314; blockade, 314- 319; violation of blockade, 319, 320; continuous voyages, 320–324; prize and prize courts, 324-328. Internment of belligerent troops, 263, 286, 290.
Interpretation of treaties, 212–214. Intervention in affairs of other nations, 77-87.
Ionian Islands, protectorate of, 23, 214.
Islands, title to, when formed in rivers, 102.
Italy, one of the Great Powers, 90; relation of, to the Triple Alliance, 92; partition of Africa by, 103; convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111.
Jackson, President, attitude of, as to the Falkland Islands, 46. Japan, recognition of, 43, 44, juris- diction of, over aliens, 131, 132; freedom of Emperor of, from suit, 136; treaty of United States with, as to consular functions, 193; ter- mination of treaty of, with China, 215; prize law of, 246, 313; treaty of peace of, with China, 272; atti- tude of, as to convoy, 314. Jettison of cargo, 13. Jurisdiction of states, 69, 94 et seq.; of diplomatic agents, 175–182; consuls, 193-196; over non-com- batants, 237; neutral territorial, 286-289; in case of blockade, 314- 324; as to prize courts, 325. See International Law.
Jus belli, early international law,
merce, 299-303; contraband, 303- Koszta, case of, 129, 130.
Lakes, change in, as affecting terri- Messages, transmission of, 310.
Milan decree of Napoleon, 315.
tory, 102. Language used in treaties, 205, 206; Military assistance not to be fur- in diplomacy, 170 n. 3.
Law of nations, term long used, 8. Laws of Antwerp. See Sea Laws. Laws of Oleron. See Sea Laws. Laws of the Rhodians, fragment of, 13. See Sea Laws.
Legates, rules as to, 156, et seq. See Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.
Letter of credence, form of, 164. Letters, in diplomatic relations, 200, 201.
Letters of marque. See Privateer- ing.
Levies en masse, as combatants, 236, 262.
Liberia, recognition of, 44. Licenses to trade, 266, 267. Lien, right of state to enforce, 98. Lincoln, President, proclamation of, as to blockade, 231, 317 n. Loans of money, by neutral to bel- ligerent state, 295; by citizens of a neutral state, 295.
nished by neutral to belligerent,
Ministers, jurisdiction of Supreme
Court as to, 31. See Ambassa- dors, Diplomatic Agents. Money, as contraband of war, 305. Monroe Doctrine, history of 77; position of United States as to, 93. Monroe, President, author of Monroe Doctrine, 77.
Montenegro, recognition of, 44. "Most
favored nation," what it means in treaties, 213, 214. Munitions of war, sales of, by neu- tral, 294. See Supplies of war.
Napoleon Bonaparte, relation of, to Monroe Doctrine, 77; sale of Louisiana by, 101; Berlin decrees of, 222, 315; Milan decrees of, 315.
Natural-born subjects, jurisdiction over, 122.
Naturalization, law as tó, 125–130. Luxemburg, neutralization of, 52, Naval war code of the United 278.
Madagascar, protectorate of, 53.
Mails and mail steamers, under neu- tral flag, 309.
Marcy, Secretary, as to naturaliza- tion, 128.
States, 222, 400-416.
Navigation of rivers, 106-108.
Navy, exemption of, from local juris- diction, 138.
Netherlands, sale of territory by, to Great Britain, 101; convention of, as to Suez Canal, 111.
Mare Clausum, rule of, as to Bering Neutral goods, capture of, 247, 299 Sea, 116.
Marine League. See Three-mile Neutrality, proclamation of, 60; of
Maritime ceremonials, in salutes, 89. Maritime war. See Neutrality.
Marriage, as affecting nationality, 125; performed by diplomatic agent, 172.
McKinley, President, message of, as to Cuba, 85; proclamation of as to blockade, 317 n.
Mediation. See Good Offices. Memoranda, what they are, 171, 200.
goods, 247; submarine telegraphic cables, 248; definition and history of, 277-284; laws of United States as to, 283, 296; of nations during war between Spain and the United States, 283; as to departure of hostile vessels from neutral ports, 291; British regulations as to, 291 n.; as to direct assistance, 293-295; obligations of state, 295– 297; ordinary commerce in case
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