(6 see any utility in opening such negotiation, "unless the British Government is prepared to "renounce the practice in all future wars."

Now the paragraphs which have been quoted represent that more than 26,000 emigrants left the port of Liverpool for the United States during the quarter ending in the month of June, 1842, and afterwards proceeding to state that a greater or less number of them become in time naturalized citizens, and "enter "into the merchant service, under the flag of "their adopted country," appeal powerfully to Lord Ashburton, whether anything can be more unjust than that England should seek out such persons, tear them away from their homes, and "force them to undergo the dangers and hard"ships of military service for a country which "has thus ceased to be their own country."

If Mr. Lemoinne supposes that Great Britain ever does seek out such persons to tear them away from their homes, and force them into military service, and that these farmers, weavers, and artisans, who emigrate from this country, take so serious a step for the purpose of entering into the merchant service of America, and that they can by any possibility become subject to impressment for the naval service of this country, he is very much mistaken. These persons go to America, some for the purpose of

purchasing cheap lands, others in the hope that they may find profitable employment, until they are able to do the same thing. The commercial marine of this country is surely extensive enough to warrant the belief that if the emigrants from our shores had no object but to find employment in merchant vessels, they could find it at home, and would not emigrate.

Mr. Lemoinne concludes his work by expressing his conviction that the spirit which prevailed in the negotiations at Washington, and the passage of the Tariff Act, which took place immediately after them, tend rather to weaken than to strengthen the friendly feelings between the two countries.

"Cependant l'esprit qui a presidé aux négo❝ciations échangées entre les deux Gouvernemens, et le tariff restrictif dont les Etats "Unis, ont fait suivie immédiatement la signa❝ture du Traité, sont plutôt de nature à affaiblir “ qu'à ranimer les sentimens de bonne harmonie "entre l'Angleterre et l'Amérique *.

It would be superfluous to remark that,

*Nevertheless, the spirit which presided over the negotiations exchanged between the two Governments, and the restrictive tariff which the United States enacted immediately after the signature of the Treaty, tend more to weaken than strengthen the feelings of good harmony between England and America.

although this opinion may, or may not, reflect the wish of the writer, yet it derives no strength either from the conduct of the negotiation or the articles of the Treaty. That this public act will be eminently conducive to the permanent preservation of peace between the two countries, may safely be left to the impartial judgment of all persons who, uninfluenced by prejudice, will give proper weight to the facts which have been now set forth, and which challenge contradiction. The Tariff, it is well known, followed the execution of the Treaty, not because the measure was intended to restrain the importation of British goods into the United States, but because the urgency of the American Treasury required the immediate passage of a Bill, for the purpose of revenue. It passed, too, amidst great opposition from that very powerful party in the United States, which has always been opposed to enactments founded upon the protection ostensibly given to domestic manufactures. Experience has since proved that the measure is not to be relied upon for the purpose for which it was passed.

If anything were susceptible of the fullest proof, it would seem to be, that the utter derangement of the currency in that country, and the unparalleled degradation of its credit, have been fatal to its manufactures. In the

best of times, when the capital of the American manufacturer could be borrowed at a moderate interest, and he was protected by high duties, he could scarcely maintain himself against the competition of this country, which had capital, experience, and cheap labour in its favour. Hereafter it will be seen, that the real question for the British manufacturer is not whether he can continue a competitor in that market with the American manufacturer, but whether he can rely upon the solvency of the market itself; and one of the greatest advantages which recommends this Treaty to all considerate persons at home, is, that dissipating every apprehension of an interruption to the peace of the two countries, it will inspire the capitalist, the merchant, and the manufacturer, with confidence to set about the important work of placing the commercial intercourse betwixt Great Britain and America on a basis that shall be both profitable and safe! This great measure, too, now so happily accomplished, which secures all the interests of our own country, whilst it has satisfied the friends of peace in America, has not only enabled Her Majesty's Government to withdraw the greater part of the British army from Canada, but has produced the important political effect of detaching the United States from the danger of

entangling alliances not favourable to the free assertion of British rights and power in other quarters.

These considerations, which are first in importance amongst those suggested by the Treaty of Washington, claim our most serious attention, and call upon all our countrymen not only to refuse their countenance to the misstatements and sophistries which are put forth in other countries for any purpose but that of being useful to Great Britain, but to unite in cordial approbation of the success of a mission, which, if it is to be estimated by the peaceful and generous character of the motives that led to it, and the benefits mankind will derive from it, will take its place in our annals as an enduring monument of the moderation and wisdom of the Councils of Great Britain.

London, February 1, 1843.