13. From 365 dollars 90 cents, take 168 dols. 99 cents. Ans. $196, 91 cts. 14. From 249 dollars 45 cents, take 180 dollars. Ans. $69, 45 cts. 15. From 100 dollars, take 45 cts. Ans. $99, 55 cts. 16. From ninety dollars and ten cents, take forty dolJars and nineteen cents. Ans. $49, 91 cts. 17. From forty-one dollars eight cents, take one dollar nine cents. Ans. $39, 99 cts. 18. From 3 dols. take 7 cts. 19. From ninety-nine dollars, take ninety-nine cents. Ans. $98, 1 ct. 20. From twenty dols. take twenty cents and one mill Ans. 19, 79 cts. 9 mills. 21. From three dollars, take one hundred and ninetynine cents. Ans. $1, 1 ct. Ans. $19, 90 cts. 22. From 20 dols. take 1 dime. 23. From nine dollars and ninety cents, take ninetynine dimes. Ans. O remains. 24. Jack's prize money was 219 dollars, and Thomas received just twice as much, lacking 45 cents. How much money did Thomas receive? Ans. $437, 55 cts. 25. Joe Careless received prize money to the amount of 1000 dollars; after which he lays out 411 dols. 41 cents for a span of fine horses; and 125 dollars 40 cents for a gold watch and a suit of new clothes; besides 359 dols. and 50 cents he lost in gambling. How much will he have left after paying his landlord's bill, which amounts to 85 dols. and 11 cents? Ans. $20, 58 cts. SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION, TEACHETH to increase, or repeat the greater of two numbers given, as often as there are units in the less, or multiplying number; hence it performs the work of many additions in the most compendious manner. The number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand. The number you multiply by, is called the multiplier. The number found from the operation, is called the product. NOTE. Both multiplier and multiplicand are in general called factors, or terms. CASE I. When the multiplier is not more than twelve. Multiply each figure in the multiplicand by the multiplier; carry one for every ten, (as in addition of whole numbers) and you will have the product or answer. PROOF.* The multiplier being placed under the multiplicand units under units, tens under tens, &c. multiply by each significant figure in the multiplier separately, placing the first figure in each product exactly under its multiplier; *Multiplication may also be proved by casting out the 9's in the two factors, and setting down the remainders; then multiplying the two remainders together; if the excess of 9's in their product is equal to the excess of 9's in the total product, the work is supposed to be right then add the several products together in the same order as they stand, and their sum will be the total product. EXAMPLES. What number is equal to 47 times 365 ? Multiplicand 3 6 5 4 7 14. Multiply 760483 by 9152. Ans. 6959940416. 15. What is the total product of 7608 times 365432 ? Ans. 2780206656. 16. What number is equal to 40003 times 4897685 ? Ans. 195922093055. CASE III. When there are cyphers on the right hand of either or both of the factors, neglect those cyphers; then place the significant figures under one another, and multiply by them only, and to the right hand of the product, place as many cyphers as were omitted in both the factors. 7065000×8700=61465500000 749643000×695000=521001885000000 360000×1200000=432000000000 CASE IV. When the multiplier is a composite number, that's, when it is produced by multiplying any two numbers in the table together; multiply first by one of those figures and that product by the other; and the last product wal be the total required. CASE V. To multiply by 10, 100, 1000, &c. annex to the multiplicand all the cyphers in the multiplier, and it will make the product required. Ans. 10835863800 Ans. 515309055188 Ans. 584113330416 1. Multiply 1203450 by 9004. Ans. 533276081481 Ans. 1960310474010 Ans. 7428927415208 Application and Use of Multiplication. In making out bills of parcels, and in finding the value of goods; when the price of one yard, pound, &c. is given (in Federal Money) to find the value of the whole quantity. RULE. Multiply the given price and quantity together, as in whole numbers, and the separatrix will be as many figures from the right hand in the product, as in the given price. EXAMPLES. 1. What will 35 yards of broad-2 S. d. c. m. cloth come to, at 3, 49 6 per yard ? |