provided with all the necessary means for investigations upon an extended scale, including competent companions and a steamer of light draught for interior navigation. The civilized world will watch with intense interes this future progress, and Christendom will pray that his discoveries may tend to the solution of the great problem of the age, the abolition of African Slavery.

CONCLUSION.

We have aimed in this Article merely to present a general idea of the scope of the works before us. We have avoided extended comment upon the questions in natural science, and especially in physical geography, which are naturally suggested by the volumes, although we are aware that the light which has been thrown upon the structure of the African continent by all the recent travelers, modifies in many respects the opinions and theories which have before been entertained. If such a man as Professor Guyot would present, in a connected form, the generalizations which may be deduced from the facts now collected, he would render a valuable service, not only to science, but to humanity. We have looked in vain in the newly published volume of the 'Association for the Advancement of Science,' for the article on 'Africa' presented at Montreal, and we are not alone in hoping that the learned author of the Earth and Man' will yet present to the public his views upon a subject now engrossing so much attention. We have three concluding observations to make:

1. Both Barth and Livingstone agree in testifying to the fertility of the interior of Africa. They show the ease with which the inland productions may be brought to the seaboard by those natural highways of commerce, the Niger on the one hand, and the Zambesi on the other.

2. They are both convinced that the evils of slavery, as a domestic institution, and as a branch of foreign commerce, can never be eradicated till the value of man, in his original home, is elevated by that increasing necessity for labor which the introduction of commerce will produce. Traders must enter Africa, must demand the fruits of industry in the pro

duce of the soil, and give in return the comforts and luxuries. of civilized countries. There must be an exchange of the raw materials of the Africans for the useful manufactures of the foundry and the loom, which Europe and America stand ready to supply.

3. Each assures us, Dr. Livingstone perhaps the more strongly of the two, that Christianity cannot be widely extended among these ignorant and superstitious people, until this slavery expelling commerce is established, and the advantages of civilization become thus diffused. Both believe that Africa will not always be separated from the active world, and that the day when its inhabitants shall be delivered from bondage-physical, mental and spiritual,-will be hastened by efforts on the part of Europeans and Americans to establish commercial relations with the various chieftains and trading stations where a really legitimate commerce can be conducted.

Accepting these opinions, let us award to the travelers, at whose labor of years we have now glanced, a tribute of grateful admiration for the heroism, perseverance, and self-denial, displayed in these protracted explorations; let us encourage all well projected enterprises on the part of our own and other civilized governments, for the further revelation of the unknown continent;' and let us, as intelligent Christians, conscious of the blight which slavery casts upon our own land, stand ready to aid by our sympathies, and our contributions, the work of civilization now germinating in Africa, and to cause that where the mart is established, the Cross be planted.

ART. VI.-DR. TAYLOR AND HIS SYSTEM.

Memorial of Nathaniel W. Taylor, D.D. Three Sermons: by LEONARD BACON, D. D., Pastor of the Center Church; SAMUEL W. S. DUTTON, D. D., Pastor of the North Church; GEORGE P. FISHER, A. M., Professor in Yale College. New Haven: Thomas H. Pease.

THERE stands upon our table a bust which, had we seen it for the first time in the Hall of the Philosophers,' in the Museum of the Capitol at Rome, would have divided our attention with the busts of Socrates and Plato. The extraor dinary breadth and hight of the forehead, the depth of arch in the brow, the fine symmetry of the features, the stamp of intellectuality and of benignity upon the face, would have commanded the homage we instinctively render to greatness. That homage is not in the least abated by the fact that this bust, which, if unknown, might stand unchallenged in the hall of the philosophers of antiquity, is known to be that of an ethical philosopher seated in the chair of Christian theology in a school of the nineteenth century. For those who know what an intellect was enthroned within it, and what a soul looked out through its portals, the ages could add no weight of dignity to that brow. But the brain does not throb beneath this arch, the eyes do not speak from these sockets, the words of wisdom and of power will not flow from these lips; and we turn away from the bust, to remember sadly, that all which it would picture is now cold as the marble of the sculptor.

Upon the wall of our study is a portrait, in which the engraver's art has well preserved-what the sculptor cannot give the life-expression of the same countenance. The forehead, the brow, the mouth, the symmetry of feature are here, as given in the bust; and beside, the eye illuminating the face, and speaking from the inner depths of the soul, and an outline. of the person, showing a vigor of the muscular system proportionate to the development of the brain. But this is the

countenance in repose; and years of study, and physical infirmities, have traced upon it their ineffaceable ridges and depres sions. This picture will not bring to us the man we seek.

We go back a few days, and stand with venerable and reverend men—the teachers of our youth, the friends and counselors of riper years-by the yet unclosed coffin; and look with lingering gaze, upon the repose of a great soul in death. All trace of labor and of suffering has passed away; and that forehead in its serene majesty, and those lips with their voiceless sweetness, still rule us from the sceptered urn.' But in this very room, where the relation of Disciple was absorbed in the higher relation of Friend, and where in familiar conversation, the Teacher and the Preacher were lost in a childlike enthusiasm for truth and its discoveries,-in this room so animated by his presence that he lives in its every object-we cannot accept the silent though majestic impress of death, as the permanent recollection of him whom we shall meet on earth no more.

We go back a little earlier, to look upon that countenance made wan and sallow by disease, and to listen to that voice broken and hesitating through weakness and pain; and though the eye is not dim, nor the intellectual force abated, as he converts his bolstered bed into a didactic chair, and with clear discrimination and earnest emphasis recapitulates the grand points of Gospel truth elaborated in his lectures-we cannot bear to cherish the image of moral and intellectual strength overmastering physical weakness, as the abiding impression of the departed sage.

We must go back more than twenty years, and look upon him in his manly vigor, as with an eye that riveted whomsoever it glanced upon, and a voice that reverberated like a deep-toned bell, and an earnestness that glowed through every feature and fiber of the man, he first stirred our mind with the overwhelming argument and pathos of his sermons, or lifted us up into mid-heaven by the magnificent sweep and attraction of his lectures. An older pupil of his, at our side, insists that to know Dr. Taylor as he was, we should be able to go back forty years, and listen to him as he came fresh from the pulpit

of the Centre Church to the chair of Theology in Yale College; that only his first class can fully appreciate his vigor of thought, his reach of intellect, and his power of inspiring others to tread with him the sublimest mysteries of divine truth. And one of his latest pupils insists, that no one of all his thirty-six classes could ever have known him so fresh, so intimate, so earnest, so clear, so thorough, so profound, as did that little circle who gathered in his parlor to read together his lectures, and then listen to his exposition. There could be no higher tribute to the intellectual and moral greatness of the teacher, than these rival claims of pupils nearly forty years apart, each to have known him best, and to have loved him most. No bust or picture can ever compare with the likeness cherished in these living hearts.

The secret of this power over other minds lay in certain intellectual and moral qualities which were happily combined in Dr. Taylor. To comprehend it we must bring him before us in his person, his antecedents, his manner, and his teaching. Leaving to his biographer the minute record of Dr. Taylor's early life, we take him as we find him in the maturity of his powers, when he entered upon the work of theological instruction. He came to that work directly from the labors of the pulpit and an important pastoral charge, which for ten years he had fulfilled with great acceptance and success. He came to it without a personal experience of a course of study in a Theological Seminary ;--for the oldest Seminary in New England-now the oldest living institution of Theology in the country-was established but one year before he began to preach, and he finished his course of preparation for the ministry under the immediate supervision of Dr. Dwight. He came to that work because he was called to it, not only by the Corporation of Yale College, but by the voice of his brethren in the ministry who knew his gifts, and by the voice of many in the community who felt that the powers of logic and eloquence which were so effective in the pulpit, should be also employed in training others to preach the Gospel.

First among the qualifications of Dr. Taylor as an instructor in theology, we must place his experience as a pastor, and the