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genuineness of which is shown by fruits of holiness, is no less a work of the Holy Ghost, because the fallible instruments employed to promote it, throw into it a large admixture of human error.

To return: this harmony continued until 1761, when an event occurred which seemed to indicate that the leaven of this long protracted controversy had not been entirely removed. Mr. Samuel Magaw, a candidate for the ministry, was examined by the Presbytery of Philadelphia on his experimental acquaintance with religion; and his replies not proving satisfactory to some, the question was formally proposed, "whether the Presbytery were satisfied from Mr. Magaw's declaration of his experience, whether he was converted or not; and four ministers voted that they were, and seven voted that they were not." Notwithstanding this decision, the minority of ministers, through the vote of the Elders present, determined to proceed with his trials, and he was accordingly licensed. The seven ministers entered their dissent, and in the same year an overture was introduced to the Synod to this effect;--whether a candidate for the gospel ministry should be required to give a narrative of his religious experience,which should become a basis of judgment upon which he should be accepted or rejected?" The Synod decided the question in the affirmative; but as considerable ferment was produced in the minority, the Synod, apparently afraid of arousing the sleeping lion, explained the vote as merely expressing an opinion, and not imposing any obligation or restraint upon particular Presbyteries.

The minority of the Philadelphia Presbytery, anticipating a recurrence of former evils, and judging that separation would conduce most to the preservation of harmony, solicited the Synod to erect them into a dis tinct Presbytery, to be styled the Second Presbytery of Philadelphia. This request was complied with, and the distinction continued until 1786, when the First and Second Presbyteries were blended.

From this period the Presbytery continued to increase, and to perform their duty to the Church with no material interruption of their harmony, until the occur. rence of a recent event, which it is apprehended, has incurably mai red their fellowship.

The particulars of this event are already before the public in various publications, and they will, no doubt, be referred to with interest by some future historian of the Church. The repetition of them here, would be a task not only ungrateful but unnecessary. The interruption to the amicable and fraternal feeling which had for so many years characterised this original judicatory is much to be deplored.

THE RAIL ROAD —We believe the excitement in regard to this matter, is now almost entirely allayed, and the public mind tranquilized, so far as it relates to the S.W. side-and we hope that every good citizen will calmly submit to the decision which has been made.

The first five miles of the Road, we are informed, which terminates near the bridge, on the Church Lane, within a few hundred yards of the main street of this town—is given out, under favorable contract, to a Mr. M'CORD, of Easton, in this state, to be executed and completed,in the first style, by the 1st of December next, at the rate of $27,000 per mile. We know nothing of the estimate of the engineer.

For the Register of Pennsylvania.

THE ALCHEMIST.
No. XXV.

ON THE ODES OF AKENSIDE.

103

I have often re-perused the Odes of Dr. Akenside, partly with a view to the intrinsic poetical merit which occasionally appears in them, but in a great measure from their forming a curious and interesting study, as a specimen of human nature. Nursed in an ancient and learned university, and secluded by various combining circumstances from any very intimate mixture with mankind, until an age when the character is usually formed, and stamped with marks which adhere to it permanently during the remainder of life-he seems to have become thoroughly confirmed in that simplicity of character which is so unsparingly ridiculed in Smollet's novel, Peregrine Pickle. Something of this kind is, probably, the cause of his limited success in the exercise of his profession; Dr. Akenside having reached the age of forty-nine years, according to his biographer, without ever attaining "to any great extent of practice, or eminence of popularity." This failure, too, was incurred in spite of repeated and long continued efforts to attain professional eminence by the direct and fair means. Thus we learn, that he patiently confined the labours of his pen for many years to his profession, producing a number of valuable medical essays; and that he was distinguished, evidently in consequence of the respect in which his character and acquirements were held, by a succession of honorary and really honourable appointments, including that of one of the physicians to the Queen; yet, notwithstanding all these, his pecuniary difficulties were so great, that he seems to have been preserved from the actual pressure of poverty, with all its concomitant mortifications, and probably the com plete ruin of his brightest hopes, by the very unusual liberality of his friend, Mr. Dyson. To this gentleman, he was under the humiliating obligation implied in the reception of three hundred pounds a year-paid to enable him to support his character. When we combine this, with the sarcasm of Smollett, have we not a right to infer that, by eccentricities of manner and want of knowledge of the world, his own conduct must in some way have formed a bar to his success; and popularity not having been forced on him by any of those caprices of public opinion, which so often elevate not only the undeserving, but the singular and the disagreeable, he was doomed to spend the years of his pilgrimage in the prolonged and melancholy struggle, of patient and toiling genius smarting with want and disappointment.

Under these views, the analysis of his character acThe route will cross the turnpike first,below Naglee's quires a new and painful interest; and we shall find, I hill, and again pass over from the S. E. to the S. W. side, think, that much of it is displayed in his Odes. His great at the foot of the hill at the Menonist meeting-house. work, "The Pleasures of the Imagination," was preThe road, so far as let under contract, will probably be superior to any in the United States. It will be laid pared elaborately, in the shades of intentional retirewith cut granite, from the "granite state"-the iron to ment, and before his spirit had been broken by a sucbe imported-and all the bridges to have iron barriers. cession of defeats, and by "the sickening pang of hope These, we think, will have a favorable influence on the deferred." It exhibits rather a view of some of the value of the stock-and will, we are induced to believe, author's abstract doctrines and imaginings, than any real enhance the price to its original advanced mark. We hope for the best; and trust, that it will in the end be a information in regard to the tone of his actual feelings; source of interest to this town.-Germantown Telegraph. I which, perhaps, had not then been fully developed.

VOL. VIII.

14

In the Odes, on the other hand, Akenside appears to me to have given vent, in the simplest manner, to many of the feelings and influences by which he was habitually governed. The beauty of the verse, and the other general merits of these productions, have been acknow. ledged by various critics; but what has principally attracted my attention, is the species of philosophy they contain. The author seems to have formed to himself a scheme of conduct reposing upon the love of praise, as properly belonging to noble actions, and the service of our fellow-creatures. These views are strongly exem. plified in the seventeenth Ode, in the first book, "On a Sermon against Glory."

"For with me nor pomp nor pleasure,
Bourbon's might, Braganza's treasure,
So can Fancy's dream rejoice,
So conciliate Reason's choice

As one approving word of her impartial voice.
If to spurn at noble praise
Be the passport to thy heav'n,
Follow thou those gloomy ways!
No such law to me was giv'n;
Nor, I trust, shall I deplore me,
Faring like my friends before me;
Nor an holier place require
Than Timoleon 's arms acquire,

unfortunate author, as a man entirely wrapped up in his meditations, and very unlikely, indeed, to fall in advantageously with the every day business of life. He lends himself to all the enthusiasm of ancient lore; and seems to wish to devote his whole mind to poetry and philosophy. He is ardently attached to England, as the land of Liberty and liberal cultivation of the mind; and appears to despise the natives of Holland, (book first, Ode eighth), where he acquired his own learning, for their prudential habits and love of money-two points of character, indeed, the possession of which would have made him much happier. Yet, with considerable powers of intellect, and no mean genius, he does not appear to have been able sufficiently to hit the popular taste. His Odes have had no widely diffused or enduring popu larity; and the length of their sentences, and the frequency of their classical and historical allusions, form, perhaps, a serious impediment to their ever attaining what he so ardently wished-a general reputation. In the search of abstract merit, he appears to have overlooked the study of that adaptation either to the indolence of the reader, or the caprice of the age, the want of which is, in general, sufficient to defeat any literary undertaking. The result was the common doom of poetical genius-poverty, mortification, and dependence during life, and a permanent niche for one of his productions, among the standard literature of his country.

And Tully's curule chair,and Milton's golden lyre." Whatever may be thought of the theology of the five last lines, it will not be denied that they are a in strain of vigorous and elevated poetry. In book second, Ode fifth, we find the subject resumed, in a set argument; To a mind thus given to intellectual enjoyments, and by which it is urged, that the love of praise forms the suffering in all external things, it was surely a valuable most powerful of all sublunary incitements to virtuous comfort to be well persuaded of the dignity of his callactions, and those which are beneficial to the cominu-ing; and with a quotation which expresses, in unusually nity; and the writer proceeds to infer, that, the real value of praise depending on the judgment of the prais. er, a sense of religious duty itself, may be defined to consist in seeking the approbation of the Supreme Being; and that a true and honourable praise, to wit, that granted by the wise and good, derives a real value from the analogy. I cannot resist the temptation to introduce two of the stanzas, as possessing peculiar beauty.

"Nor any partial, private end,

Such rev'rence to the public bears;
Nor any passion, Virtue's friend,
So like to Virtue's self appears.

For who in glory can delight

Without delight in glorious deeds?
What man a charming voice can slight,
Who courts the echo that succeeds?"

In various places throughout the volume, we find the conferring and perpetuating of just praise, appropriated as the legitimate end and office of poetry, and particularly in Ode seventh, book first.

In book second, Ode eleventh, he acknowledges himself in love in the abstract; not having fixed upon any particular lady.

Now, when we reflect upon the entire antique turn which his poetry, and the whole reach of his mind as sume, the learning of his allusions, which frequently renders his verses hard to be understood by the ordinary reader, and the perpetual reference to abstract principles, with which the Odes are so strongly characterized, we shall, I think, be led to view our highly gifted but

happy verse, the author's success in attaining this grati-
ficat on, I shall close my essay.

"Not far beneath the hero's feet,
Nor from the legislator's seat,
Stands far remote the bard-
Lycurgus fashion'd Sparta 's fame,
And Pompey to the Roman name
Gave universal sway.

Where are they?-Homer's rev'rend page
Holds empire to the thirtieth age,
And tongues and climes obey.
And thus, when William's acts divine
No longer shall from Bourbon 's line
Draw one vindictive vow;

When Sidney shall with Cato rest,
And Russell move the patriot's breast
No more than Brutus now;

Yet, then shall Shakspear's pow'rful art
O'er ev'ry passion, ev'ry heart

Confirm his awful throne;
Tyrants shall bow before his laws,
And freedom 's, glory 's, virtue's cause,
Their dread asserter own."

P.

POTTSTOWN, July 9. Gold Mine.-A gentleman has left in our possession a specimen of ore found in the mine on the premises of Mr. Bredlinger, in New Hanover township, Montgomery county; which will be shown to persons anxious to examine it by calling at this office. They are now busily engaged in taking the water, old pump stocks, tools and other nuisance out which have been found exactly as was stated by a person on his death bed, several years ago, who formerly worked in the mine.

1881.]

CENSUS TABLE.

107

Census of some of the principal Public Institutions of the City, JUNE 1, 1830.—(ABSTRACTED FROM THE RETURNS TO THE MARSHAL.)

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Whites....
Blacks.

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Blacks.

14

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61

52

21

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24

25 33 151 142 907 129
42 6 137

103

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23

22 272

27 106 10 1 0

32

18

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431 67 39 288 1421010 129 25 282 28 106 32 18

CRIMINALS (IN THE FIRST FOUR INSTITUTIONS).
.468, or 0.27 per cent. on white population of City and County of Philadelphia.
.....357, or 2.29
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....929, or 0.54 per cent. on white population of City and County of Philadelphia.
.106, or 0.68

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Total..........1035-in the City and Moyamensing Alms-houses.

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The census includes the Superintendants and their families; and most of the Institutions contain persons from other parts of the state, as well as from the city and county.

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$7 Can any man complain of these taxes, and say they are oppressive and unjust, or that the objects for which they are imposed do not fully justify them? If there are such men among us, let them for a moment cast but a glance at the agriculturists in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Let them compare their situation, with the same class of people in this country, and then, if they have a particle of candour about them, let them acknowledge the truth! A farmer in many parts of England has to pay annually as much rent for his farm, and the owner nearly half as much for his taxes, as a good tract of land, of equal size, in many parts of Pennsylvania would cost in fee simple. Pennsylvania stands foremost in agriculture and manufactures among her sister states, and has the advantage of both inland and foreign trade. Nature has done much in regard to her navigable rivers, and art is now performing what nature did not complete. Philadelphia, her commercial emporium, which contains 180,000 inhabitants, is celebrated for building the handsomest and best ships in the world; and the capital and integrity of her merchants, give an assurance of accommodation and safety, to all who trade with her. Pennsylvania has no dispute with the Indians, about titles or boundary lines; all her lands were purchased by William Penn, in a fair and open manner: the Indians were satisfied and have never since uttered a complaint.

The vast quantities of coal and wood, the copious supplies of wholesome water, and the inexhaustible mines of iron ore in Pennsylvania, add greatly to her importance and wealth. Her inhabitants are generally the descendants of the English, Irish, and Germans, with a mixture of the Welsh, Scotch, Swedes, and Dutch; and in the cities and towns, there are many residents and strangers from France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and the West Indies. The people are in general temperate, industrious, and independent in their circumstances; intelligent in their minds; and moral in their conduct. It is a rare circumstance, to meet with any man who cannot read either the English or German language, and very few are to be found who cannot write. The people of Pennsylvania enjoy liberty unpolluted by the breath of slavery, which is not suffered to exist in this commonwealth of freemen? Fifty-one years ago it received its death blow! The legislature of Pennsylvania, passed a law in 1780, for the gradual abolition of slavery; declaring, that no person born within the state after the passing of the act, should be considered as a slave or servant for life; and that no person should be admitted into the state and held as a slave thereafter. So that there cannot now be a slave in Pennsylvania under 51 years of age, and of those that were in the state, when the law passed, most, if not all of them, have been liberated by death or manumission, or been removed to other states.

Pennsylvania is divided into fifty-three separate districts, or counties, allowing the city of Philadelphia to be one. Its length is 288 miles from east to west; its breadth 156 miles from north to south. The most moun

tainous parts of the state, are in the counties of Bedford, Cumberland, Franklin, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Schuylkill, Dauphin, Huntingdon, Northampton, and Lehigh, through which pass the ridges and spurs which form what are called the Allegheny and Blue Mountains; but even in these counties, there are many very rich and extensive valleys, and a large portion of fine upland. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation to their very tops, and yield grass and grain plentifully. The meadows are rich and luxuriant, and the hills are covered with abundance of pasture for cattle, sheep, hogs, deer, and goats. The best lands produce walnut and chesnut; the next best maple, beech, oak and hickory; the third quality, pine, spruce, and hemlock; and the poorest lands are encumbered with shrubs, brambles, and bushes. The oak, white pine, hemlock, and chesnut, are very fine and abundant in almost every county in the interior of the state, and on the tops of some of the highest mountains, the greatest quantities of bituminous and anthracite coal are to be found; rendering a portion of the lands in those situations, of very great additional value.

No difficulty lies in the way of the foreigner, who wishes to become a citizen. It requires the residence of only five years. On the day of his landing on our shores, he may buy a farm, a house, or merchandize; he may open a counting-house, a workshop, or an office, and pursue his business as though he were a native of the country. The right of suffrage he may obtain, as soon as he becomes a citizen; and he is then eligible to a seat in the legislature, agreeably to the 3d article of the constitution of Pennsylvania, which declares, that "no person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-one years, and have been a citizen and inhabitant of the state three years next preceding his election, and the last year thereof an inhabitant of the city or county in which he shall have been chosen."

The free exercise and enjoyment of religion, prevails in every section of this great and growing commonwealth, as pure as it is in any part of the world. The various religious denominations consist of Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Quakers, Methodists, German Lutherans, Moravians, Menonists, Dunkers, Universalists, Unitarians, and Jews; all, and each of whom, may worship their God according to their respective tenets, forms, and beliefs, without interference, CIVIS. restraint, or molestation from any quarter.

No. VII.

It is of the first consequence to nations, to be able to supply themselves with subsistence from their own soil, and as far as circumstances will allow, to manufacture for themselves such articles as would conduce to their comfort and independence. The raw materials, viz: iron, lead, coal, flax, hemp, cotton, silk, and wool, may be raised and obtained in the United States to any extent; and improved machinery has so much reduced the application of manual labor, as to enable us, in a material degree, to stand in competition with many of the European establishments and in some instances, greatly to surpass them. Manufactures of various kinds are conducted with great success, and to a considerable extent, in Philadelphia and its vicinity. It was ascertained, about a year ago, and published in many of our public journals, that we possessed 104 warping mills, 4500 weavers, 3000 spoolers, 2000 bobbin winders, and 200 dyers, whose wages amounted to $1,470,000 per annum, and that the consumption of indigo was 121,000 lbs. a year. A variety of cotton goods, such as sheetings, shirtings, checks, chambrays, and calicoes, are not only manufactured cheaper in many parts of the United States than they can be imported from abroad; but we can, and do, export large quantities to the West Indies, South America, and other foreign markets. If we have a deficiency of labor, that deficiency is, in a great measure, supplied by the superabundance of the raw material,

1831.]

PENNSYLVANIA CANAL.--TOLLS.

and the reduced rates of provisions and living, which
must operate as powerful inducements to many of the
unemployed operatives in Europe, to join our establish-
ments; and as an increase of foreign labour would pro-
duce an increased consumption of provisions, the far-
mer would undoubtedly receive an important benefit
therefrom. If the effect of manufacturing for ourselves,
was to divert a portion of the lands which would other-
wise be engaged in tillage, to its use, it might diminish
their cultivation, but the tendency to procure an increas-
ed demand for the productions of the soil, would natu-
rally create a more extensive cultivation, and render
our lands much more productive. Manufactures are cal-
culated not only to increase the benefits derived from
useful and productive labor, but to improve the state of
agriculture, and advance the interests of those who are
It is therefore evident, if the premises
engaged in it.
I have assumed are correct, that Pennsylvania offers
greater encouragement to foreign emigrants, to settle
on her unoccupied lands, to work in her manufactories,
and to reside in her towns, than they can find in any
country on earth! And if a land office, such as I have
suggested in a previous number, for the purpose of giv.
ing information to the stranger, and enabling him to
make an advantageous selection of a farm for himself,
were established in Philadelphia, with two or three
branches properly located in the country, I have no hes-
itation in saying, that it would eminently tend to promote
the interest of the landholder, and at the same time be
very useful to the emigrant in search of a settlement.

It is now ascertained by Mr. Duponceau, that Pernsylvania is well calculated for the manufacture of silk. The soil and climate are both adapted to the most extensive culture of the white mulberry, furnishing the best food for the worms, which have produced large samples of cocoons, of the very first quality. Pennsylvania can raise sheep on her mountains and bills, where the grass and pasturage grow spontaneously, cheaper and to a greater extent than any country in Europe. Her iron is very good and very abundant; her coal is inexhaustible; and her timber unsurpassed both in quantity and quality, by any other state in the union! Do not these, and many other advantages which she possesses, place her on a most desirable eminence, and give encouragement to the stranger who is in pursuit of a setCIVIS. tled home?

PENNSYLVANIA CANAL.

The Board of Appraisers of damages on the Pennsylvania canal and rail road was in session at this place a The following communication, few days this week. containing information which may be useful to persons who intend to lay in their claims, has been handed us for publication:

The Board of Appraisers for determining on claims for damages by reason of the construction of canals, rail roads, &c. give public notice that they will meet at Lewistown, on the Juniata division, on the first day of September next, and thence proceed immediately to view the premises and hear the parties to the mouth of

the Juniata.

ters:

cision from the board of canal commissioners to the board of appraisers, and lodged with the secretary of the board of canal commissioners, or with one of the board of appraisers.

3. No particular form of appeal is required, but the following is recommended as a form which will be deemed sufficient: Township,

The undersigned, residing in Division of the Pennsylvania construction of the county, being a person claiming damages by reason of the dollars, made to canal having declined the offer of him by the Canal Commissioners, has appealed therefrom and desire the appraisers appointed for that purpose, to view and assess his damages.

(Signed)
1831.

A. B.

Having disposed of the cases on that part of the Juuiata, the Board will proceed to view the cases on the Delaware division, and on the Susquehanna division, so as to have passed on all those cases before the expiraThe Board have not tion of the month of October. been able to proceed forthwith as they intended, in consequence of it being necessary to have the requisite documents and information from the Canal Commissioners' office, and to enable the canal commissioners to make the offers yet remaining to be made to claimants, and to give claimants an opportunity of determining on their acceptance or rejection of the offers thus made: as the Board of Appraisers are anxious to pass but once JOSIAH ANKRIM, along the respective lines to view, &c. W. RAMSEY, J. M. PORTER.

Harrisburg, July 27, 1831.

TOLLS ON THE CANAL. The following statement of the amount of Tolls received on the Pennsylvania canal was copied from the returns of the Auditor General's office.

Amount of Tolls collected on the whole line of the Pennsylvania canal by the several collectors, for the quarter commencing 1st April, and ending 30th June, 1831, as follows, viz. T. C. Reed, Collector at Harrisburg,

E. N. Doane,
L. Reynolds,
T. Johnston,
Wm. B. Foster,
D. Brenniman,
Wm. Swift,
Robert Scott, Jr.
John Nevin,

$6,908 25

Northumberland,
Lewistown,

1,118 07

2,290 51

Blairsville,

4,106 62

Pittsburg,

1,543 10

Leechburg,
Bristol,

1,376 51

533 58

Bridge D. Island,
Outlet L. Middletown,
Jacob Fritz, Aqueduct at Duncan's Island,

Total,

1,348 23

597 26

13 23 $19,835 391

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In order to give claimants proper facilities, and to occasion as little delay as possible in the discussion of cases, the board request attention to the following mat-siderable collection has already been made, and suitable cases for their arrangement and exhibition will be pla To entitle this board to take cognizance of claims forced in a spacious apartment in the new college edifice, The alumni of the which is now nearly completed. damages, it is necessary 1st. That the matter should have been passed on by college, and the friends of natural science generally, are earnestly requested to aid the association in their enthe canal commissioners and their offer rejected. 2. That an appeal in writing be entered from the de-deavors to illustrate the natural history and antiquities

An office, something like this, I am informed is established in the city of New York; but I am not prepared to give particulars of the plan, though I have understood it has been attended with success.

of our country. Any donation left with Prof. Halsey, Pittsburg, or with the Rev. C. C. Beatty, Steubenville, or with the Curators of the Lyceum, at Canonsburg, will be thankfully received and acknowledged.-Pittsburg Gazette.

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