767. temeraria tempora, ‘the rash day' (epithet transferred, 608), for the Romans marched on in defiance of the omens.

768. quartus bis, 'eighth' day from end, i. e. 23 June.

[769-784. 24 June: Anniversary of the defeat of Syphax, also of the Metaurus victory. Festival of Fors Fortuna, founded by Servius Tullius.]

769. At the close of the second Punic War, Scipio (the great Africanus) obtained the aid of Masinissa, Numidian prince, against Syphax, king of the western Numidians. After burning Syphax's camp, Masinissa and the Roman legatus Laelius pursued him to Cirta and took him prisoner. This was in 203 B.C.

770. Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, marched (207 B.C.) into Italy to join his brother; but was met by the Romans and defeated at the famous battle of Metaurus, where his army and camp were annihilated.

Livy says (XXVII. 49) that when he found all was lost, he spurred his horse into the midst of a Roman cohort, and, as was worthy of Hamilcar's son and Hannibal's brother, died fighting.

Ovid puts the suicide in a slightly different form.

773. There were three temples of Fors Fortuna at Rome: this one, founded by Servius Tullius (according to tradition), was on the right bank of the Tiber, at the sixth milestone. The festival was 24 June, and it was, as we see, a day of merry-making among the lower classes and slaves.

776. munera, buildings founded by individuals were called munera 'bounty' or 'gift' thus Art. Am. 1., 'Muneribus nati sua munera mater addidit, i. e. 'she added the portico of Octavia to the theatre of Marcellus'.

Page 46.

781 de plebe. Servius was of humble origin, acc. the old story that his mother was a slave: see note on 626.

784. dubia. Fortuna was naturally called Uncertain'. propinqua, being outside Rome, 773.

[785-790. 26 June. Rising of the belt of Orion; and the solstice.] 785. The connection of this with the last, by the idea of drunken reveller returning from the feast and then remembering it was two days to the rising of the belt of Orion, is unusually artificial and frigid, even for Ovid. For Astronomy, see Introduction, p. 16.

[791-794. 27 June. Festival-day of the Temple of the Lares, and of Iuppiter Stator.]

791. Lucifero subeunte, i.e. after Ovid's manner' on the next day'. Lares. The Sacred Way, approaching the forum from the S.W., mounts a slight rise. On the top stands now the arch of Titus, and this part was called Summa Sacra Via. To the left, on the Palatine side, stood the Sacellum Larum, a little further came the cross-road leading to the chief gate of the Palatine, close to which stood the old temple of Iuppiter Stator. This, according to the tradition (Liv. I. 12), was vowed by Romulus in the Sabine war, if he stayed the flight, and an altar (and afterwards a temple) was built upon the spot.

792. There were small shops in the Sacra Via, and we may suppose from this line that the people who sold flower chaplets had their stalls here.

[795-796. 29 June. Commem.-day of Temple of Quirinus.]

795. i.e. three days remain, or as we should say 'two': it is the inclusive method of counting, which strikes one especially when the number is small. 29 June is a. d. III. Kal. Jul., and so he says there are three days left.

Parcae are the Fates; Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos.

796. trabea, 375.

The old Sabine god Quirinus was identified with Romulus: and his temple was on the S. E. side of the Quirinal, towards the Viminal. [767-812. 30 June. Festival of the Temple of Hercules and the Muses. Clio gives the poet an account of it.]

798. Pierides, old Greek name for the nine Muses: said to have been from a place Pieria near Mt Olympus.

The 'Aedes Herculis Musarum', as it was called, was built by Fulvius Nobilior, who defeated (Liv. XXXIX. 5) the Aetolians, B.C. 187. It was restored by L. Marcius Philippus (son of the Marcius consul 56), who married Atia, an aunt of Augustus (matertera Caesaris, 809). His daughter Marcia (802) was married to a friend of Ovid's. The temple lay between Circus Flaminius and the river. The genealogy is confused by the fact that Marcius Philippus the father, consul 56, married the elder Atia, Augustus' mother, when her first husband Octavius was dead. addite summa, 'put an end'.

800. i.e. to whom Iuno at last gave way (do manus by obvious metaphor from a prisoner begging quarter), and allowed him a place in Heaven.

801. Clio, the muse of history.

Page 47.

803. Anco, Ancus Marcius, fourth king of Rome.

sacrifico. Livy (I. 32) tells us 'he paid the greatest attention to performing all the divine services according to Numa's institution'.

804. Observe the very rare construction of par with abl. par cum and abl. is common enough, and this is a poetical extension of that. Ovid has the same const. (almost the same line) with impar (IV. 306), 'Nec facies impar nobilitate fuit’.

807. laudamus, i.e. 'we Muses'.

812. Alcides. Hercules is often so called, being grandson of Alcaeus, who was the father of Amphitryon.

lyram. Fulvius had brought from Greece some terra-cotta statues of the Muses by Zeuxis, and one of Hercules playing on the lyre: this we learn from Pliny.

SCHEME OF

THE USES OF THE LATIN SUBJUNCTIVE WITH

REFERENCES TO THIS BOOK.

I.

OPTATIVE and JUSSIVE, (wish or command).

(a) direct:

faciat or utinam faciat. [219, 371, 415, 656, 701) Optative.

'may he do or would he might do it!'

faciat, 'let him do it'. [41, 381].

ne feceris, 'don't do it'. [nec for ne, 807].

and the rare past jussive used as conditional.

dixisset, 'let him have spoken', i. e. 'suppose he spoke'. [113].

(b) indirect:

effice putentur, 'cause them to be thought'. [379].

(c) interrogative: [Dubitative or Deliberative].

1. direct. quid faciam? 'what am I to do?' [319].
quid facerem? 'what was I to do?' [149].

2. indirect:

nescio quid faciam

nesciebam quid facerem§

2. FINAL, (Purpose).

(a) with ut, ne, &c. :

'I don't (or did not) know what to do'. [29, 213].

doceo, ne facias, 'I teach you, that you may not do it'. [25 &c.].

(b) with qui:

mitto qui faciat, 'I send a man to do'. [272, 468, here or 3, 6].

3.

(c) with dum implying purpose:

maneo dum faciat, "I wait till he does it'.

or priusquam :

non abibo priusquam faciat, 'I will not go away before he does it'.

CONSECUTIVE (Result).

(a) with ut:

tantum est ut timeam,' it is so great that I fear'.

(b) with qui, (so quin &c.) :

non is sum qui faciam, 'I am not the man to do it'. [3, 512, 649, 662].

4. CONDITIONAL.

5.

(a) Principal verb, (Apodosis):

faciam or fecerim, 'I would do'. [764].

facerem or fecissem, 'I would have done' (or, 'have been doing,' impf.). [275, 369].

(without Protasis, often called POTENTIAL, [71, 89, 100, 539, 559]. so with forsitan.

forsitan facias, 'perhaps you may do'. [72]).

(b) Dependent verb (Protasis):

si facias or feceris, ‘if you should do'. [764].

si faceres or fecisses, 'if you had done' (or 'had been doing' impf.) [10, 275, 367].

CAUSAL.

(a) cum.

cum faciat, since he does'. [273].

(b) qui:

culpo te qui facias, 'I blame you for doing it'.

(c) attendant circumstances: cum (impf. and plupf.). cum hoc faceret, 'when he was doing this.' [14, 221].

6. CONCESSIVE,

(a) conjunctions: (quamvis, dum, &c.). quamvis faciat, 'though he does'. [232].

(b) qui.