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CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

BOOK II. CONTINUED.

VIEW OF THE GOVERNMENT AND LAWS OF

GREAT BRITAIN.

CHAPTER II.

Law and Government of England from the Norman
Invasion to the Confirmation of Magna Charta.

1. Innovations and changes effected by the Norman
Government.-Introduction of the Feudal System—
Saxon Tenures in England made feudal-Oppres-
sions of Knight-service: Homage, Aids, Reliefs,
Wardship, Marriage, Escheat-Domesday Book-
Decline of the Saxon Courts, and Establishment of
the King's Hall-Trial by Battle-Great National
Council-Forest Laws-Norman Tolls and Taxes
-Origin of Corporate Privileges-Political Im-
provements established by William I.-Norman
Punishment-Endeavours of the English to retrieve
their Ancient Government-2. Rise and Establish-
ment of the Charters of Liberties:-None granted
by William 1. and II.-Charter of Henry I.-Co-
ronation Oath of Stephen-Charter and Legal
Improvements of Henry II.-Forest and Mari-
time Laws of Richard I.-Baronial Revolts under
John, proceedings in behalf of Magna Charta, and
summary of its contents- Charters granted by

Acts abolishing Feudal Tenures, establishing the Ha-
beas Corpus, and other legal improvements under
Charles II.-Excellence of this period-Language
of national records-Government under James II.
-Summary of the Bill of Rights-Other Laws
enacted under the House of Orange-Union of

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Scotland and Ireland to England-Members of
Parliament, and the manner of passing Bills-Le-
gal improvements of the Eighteenth Century, and
those of a later date-Conclusion-Authorities

PAGE

57

BOOK III.

VIEW OF THE LEARNING AND LITERATURE,
ARTS AND SCIENCES, Of England.

CHAPTER I.

Learning, &c. in the British, Saxon, and Danish
Periods.

Loss of early illustrations of History-1. British and
Roman Period. Knowledge confined to the Druids
-Their notions of the Universe, Astronomy, Arith-
metic, Geometry, Mechanics, Physic and Surgery-
the Anguinum Ovum or Serpent's Egg-Druidical
Oratory-Use of Greek letters-Education, and its
improvement by the Romans-British Sculpture,
Painting, Poetry and Music-Useful arts known
to the Britons Hunting, Pasturage, Agricul-
ture and Gardening, Architecture-Art of War,
Soldiers, War-chariots, and manner of fighting-
Decline of Arts, &c. on the Romans leaving Bri-
tain-British Letters and Language. 2. Saxon Pe
riods:-Barbarity of the time, and first introduc-
tion of Learning-Bede-Libraries and books-
Decay of letters, and their revival under Ælfred-
Antiquity of Oxford and Cambridge-Saxon Lan-
guage and Writing-Saxon Poetry, Music, Paint-
ing and Sculpture-Architecture-Study of Na-
tural Philosophy-Astronomy-Anglo-Saxon Ca-
lendar-Geography-Arithmetic-Medicine-Art
of Fishing-Agriculture-Tradesmen and Mecha,
nics, Smiths, Workers in Gold and Jewels, Glass.

Learning, &c. from the Arrival of the Normans to the

Reformation.

1. Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries.-Establishment

of Learning at Oxford, Cambridge, &c.-Value

of Books-University of Paris-Jewish Schools-

English Language and Writing-Poetry, Music,

Painting and Sculpture-Architecture-Medicine

-Agriculture and Gardening-Art of War, Cas-

tles, Missile Engines, Weapons, Armour-Use of

Armorial Ensigns-Army of England-Standards.

2. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.-Semi-

naries and Colleges-Learning in the Metropolis

-Inns of Court-Decline of the Learned Lan-

guages, &c.-Studies and Discoveries of Roger

Bacon-Alchemy-English Language and Writ-

ing-Poetry, and oldest English Song-Music,

discovery of Ancient Painting in Oil, Sculpture,

working in Gold and Enamelling-Architecture,

Ecclesiastical, Domestic, and Castellated-Medi-

cine Agriculture and Gardening-Art of War:

Invention of Gunpowder and Artillery-Greek

Fire-Soldiers in the English Army, Armour and

Weapons, Standards, Royal Arms of England.

3. Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.-Colleges and

Schools established-Latin and Greek Languages

-Invention of Printing-Paper of Cotton and

Linen, Characters, Type, &c. of Ancient Books-

Education-The Greek Language and Classics-

Ancient Maps-Progress of Printing -Poetry-

English Language and Writing-Music-Paint-

ing-Sculpture-Sepulchral Monuments and Ef-

figies-Engravings-Architecture: Ecclesiastical,

Decline of Castles, Features of Ancient English

Mansions, Palaces, Architectural Character of the

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