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gentry of the country; under whom were soldiers to be pointed for their lieutenants. And the same order to be observed in all other places of garrison.

Then they considered on the course to be taken for fighting the enemy, if by force he should land. And this they agreed must be left to the discretion of the general; only advised, if they could not prevent his landing and marching forward, that the country be driven, so as no victuals remain to the invaders, and that they be kept waking with perpetual alarms, but in nowise to venture battle, till divers lieutenants were assembled to make a strong army, as before specified; except upon special advantages. Farther, that in those provinces where there are many lieutenants, some one to be appointed chief leader, that there be no straining of courtesy among one another, and giving thereby advantage to the enemy; but that every lieutenant's authority shall only extend to the command of his own company, as colonel of that regiment, and be commanded by the lieutenants general; as in Devon and Cornwall, there being ten lieutenants; whereby it shall be known who shall command in either, as need shall require.

Next they considered what proportion of men must be prepared for this end. Here, supposing the enemy landed at Plymouth, they computed that the 6000 armed and furnished in Devon and Cornwall, with the assistance of those in Wiltshire, Dorset, and Somersetshire, would make a sufficient army, strengthened with the gentlemen, their retinue, and others of the neighbouring counties, to be incorporated, though not so completely armed; and if by resistance, or contrary weather, the enemy pass over Plymouth, and land at Portland, then the army of the west shall repair to them. If the invasion happen upon Kent, or other part to the west of the Thames, then the midland shires directed to assist the west, may turn to the east along the coast. If the army in Flanders land to the cast of the Thames, the same order to be taken with Suf

folk, Norfolk, Sussex, end the city of London. And because special regard was to be had to her Majesty's person, an army should be provided, and commanded under counties reserved for that end, to join the forces of London and others, to be armed out of her Majesty's stores. Farther, for the increase of footmen wanting armour, among one fourth of the able unarmed men eighty should be pikes and twenty bill-men, and those weapons speedily to be provided, they being furnished by the realm. Aud for the increase of pike-mep in this scarcity of armour, that the bill-men be converted into pikemen, and that able bill-men unarmed should be levied in their places; because the ranks of bill-men in order to battle are alway environed with pikemen, for the bill-men serve specially for execution, if the enemy be overthrown; only a few armed bill-men or halberdiers reserved to guard the ranks wherein the ensigns, drums, &c. are placed. And because, on a sudden invasion, it will be too late to provide necessaries; store of ordnance, munition, and all other furniture, to be forthwith provided, and sent to the aforesaid garrisons. Also that horse ss well as foot be exercised in those general assemblies; and that at Plymouth, Portsmouth, Sandwich, or other places thought fit to have the like training, the horsemen of the next counties be also brought together, as at Plymouth those of Devon, Cornwal, and Somersetshire; at Portland those of Dorset, Wilts, Hampshire, and Berkshire; and at Sandwich those of Kent, Sussex, and Surry. And because in these places for training the infantry, there may want forage and conveniencies for horsemen, the lieutenants may chuse the fittest for the cavalry as near the foot as they can. But as they cannot resist the landing in Scotland, they proposed 6000 foot and 2000 horse, whereof 1000 to be lances, for that side. And if these shall be thought too weak for the army in Flanders, when it tands there, a good part of the army appointed to guard her Majesty may be detached to join the army in the north, and the army of the west march up to supply their charge.

They also considered the king of Spain's hopes in the papists and malcontents; and that if those small regiments were not in readiness, it would be too late to assemble, both for resisting a foreign enemy and withstanding these at home in one day. For every man would rest in fear of having his own house fired, and his family destroyed; therefore, if they made any stir, severe execution upon such offenders should be used by martial law. Farther, that it should be bruited in Spain, a vast army of double or treble the number was ready in the west, and other coasts of England, to embark for Por tugal or the Indies; the same opinion being fortified by the preparation of so many ships making ready in those parts by Sir Francis Drake. They also thought, that throughout all the counties of England the proportion among the armed and trained as well as unarmed pikes and bills, should be eighty pikes and twenty bills in every hundred. And lastly, cautioned the lords of the council to be wary of her Majesty's ships lying at Rochester.'

No. VIII.

AN ASSIGNMENT FROM SIR WALTER RALEGH TO DIVERS GENTLEMEN, AND MERCHANTS OF LONDON, FOR THE INHABITING AND PLANTING OF OUR PEOPLE IN VIR

GINIA.

[From HAKLUYT's Voyages, 1st edition, folio, 1589,

p. 815.]

This indenture, made the 7th of March, in the 31 year of the reign of our sovereign lady, Elizabeth, by the grace of God, of England, France, and Ireland, queen, defender of the faith, &c. between the right worshipful Sir Walter Ralegh, of Colaton Ralegh, in the county of Devon, knight, lord-warden

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of the Stannary, and chief-governor of Assamacomock, alias Wingandacoa, alias Virginia, on the one party; and Thomas Smith, William Sanderson, Walter Bayly, William Gamage, Edmund Nevil, Thomas Harding, Walter Marler, Thomast Martin, Gabriel Harris, William George, William Stone, Henry Fleetwood, John Gerrard, Robert, Macklyn, Richard Hakluyt, Thomas Hoode, Thomas Wade, Richard Wright, Edmund Walden, merchants of London, and adventurers to Virginia aforesaid, John White, Roger Bayly, Ananias Dayre, Christopher Cooper, John Samson, Thomas Steevens, Roger Prat, Dionese Harvey, John Nichols, Humphrey Dimmocke, late of London, gentlemen, of the other party; witnesseth, that whereas Sir Walter Ralegh, knight, by virtue of the queen's majesty's letters patents, dated at Westminster the 25 day of March, in the 26th year of her Highness' reign, unto him the said Sir Walter Ralegh, by the name of her Majesty's trusty and well-beloved servant, Walter Ralegh, Esq. granted for the discovering, finding out, and planting of unknown and remote lands and countries, as by the said letters patents at large doth, and may more plainly appear, hath by this indenture of grant bearing date after the computation of England the 7th day of January in the year of our Lord God 1587, and in the 29th year of the reign of our sovereign lady Queen Elizabeth, made betwixt him the said Sir Walter Ralegh, K. of the one party, and John Whyte, Roger Bayly, Ananias Dayre, Christopher Cooper, John Sampson, Thomas Steevens, William Fulwood, Roger Prat, Dionise Harvey, John Nichols, George Howe, James Plat, and Simon Ferdimando, of London, gentlemen, of the other party, granted unto the said John White, Roger Bayly, and the rest, free liberty to carry with them into the late discovered barbarous land and country called Assamacomock, alias Wingandacoa, alias Virginia, there to inhabit with them, such, and so many of her Majesty's subjects, as shall willingly accompany them, together with sufficient shipping and furniture for the same;

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and also divers and sundry other prerogatives, jurisdictions, royalties, and pre-eminences, as in and by the said indenture of grant, it doth, and may more at large also appear.

Now the said Thomas Smith, William Sanderson, Walter Bayly, William Gamage, Edmund Nevill, Thomas Harding, Walter Marler, Thomas Martin, Gabriel Harris, William George, William Stone, Henry Fleetwood, John Gerrard, Robert Macklin, Richard Hakluyt, Thomas Hoode, Thomas Wade, Richard Wright, Edmund Walden, and others, adventurers as aforesaid, purposing, and intending to be made free of the corporation, company, and society lately made by the said Sir Walter Ralegh, in the city of Ralegh, intended to be erected and builded in Assamacomock, alias Wingandacoa, alias Virginia aforesaid, as by his said indenture made to the said John Whyte, Roger Bayly, and the rest more at large it doth appear, do upon the sealing, effecting, and confirmation of these patents, adventure divers and sundry sums of money, merchandizes, shipping, munition, victual, and other commodities, into the said foreign and remote country of Assamacomock, alias Wingandacoa, alias Virginia aforesaid. In consideration as well of which adventure, as also for divers and sundry other good causes and considerations, him the said Sir Walter Ralegh thereunto especially moving, the said Sir Walter Ralegh hath given, granted, covenanted, and promised, and by these presents for himself, his heirs, and assigns and every of them, doth give, grant, covenant, and promise, to and with the said Thomas Smith, William Sanderson, Walter Bayly, William Gamage, Edmund Nevil, Thomas Harding, Walter Marler, Thomas Martin, Gabriel Harris, William George, William Stone, Henry Fleetwood, John Gerrard, Robert Macklin, Richard Hakluyt, Thomas Hoode, Thomas' Wade, Richard Wright, Edmund Walden, and others, adventurers, aforesaid, and unto and with the said John White, Roger Bayly, Ananias Dayre, Christopher Cooper, John Samson, Thomas Steevens, Roger Prat, Dionise Harvey,