the rights of the Indians to their lands. Our pioneer forebears never lost sight of their inherited civilization and never let it be lowered. Their ambition was to make new homes in the wilderness and to make it blossom like the rose. This is well illustrated by a schedule of events that took place on this spot after the arrival of the artisans and surveyors under the direction of Gen. Rufus Putnam, whose memory we are especially honoring today.

"Whilst they carved homes out of the wilderness, they showed that they were practical and realized the danger surrounding them. Each man was obliged to provide himself with a weapon and with proper ammunition. Among the first structures they erected on the banks of this noble river were four blockhouses, stoutly built for defence, with private dwellings so situated as to make curtains between the blockhouses. To the whole they gave the name, characteristic of the classical period of the day, Campus Martius.

"Less than three months from the time they landed came the Fourth of July, the natal day of the Republic. These hardy men, busied in their preparations for the coming of their women and children, laid aside their saws, their broad-axes and their grubbing hoes to build a "bowery" of green branches on the river's bank wherein they celebrated the nation's birthday precisely as they had been taught and as their fellows were celebrating back home. A few days later, Governor St. Clair, appointed by the Continental Congress, arrived as the embodiment of civic authority and was properly received and accepted as the representative of their master government. Later a procession was again formed and the civil courts were installed in the crude log building known as the Northwest blockhouse.

"In thus installing the law and order of the older civilization they had left in Massachusetts, they did not forget that spiritual atmosphere in which they had founded their state on the rocks of Plymouth Bay. The second story of the Northwest block house, to which I have already referred, was made into a large room accommodating three hundred people. It was to be used for the public or community service and there, early in August or possibly July was preached the first sermon in the first ordained settlement in the Northwest Territory. In fact, the company owning the land, so recognized the necessity for spiritual aid and comfort that they employed as preacher and teacher for several years the Rev. Daniel Story, who set the pattern for the thousands of teachers and thousands of free schools now scattered over the Northwest country.

"Thus was it proved that religious freedom and the right to think and to worship God according to the dictates of in

dividua, conscience did not necessarily lead to atheism and anarchy of thought in a people inheriting high moral standards and anxious to transmit them to their posterity. I had almost forgotten to mention the revered name of Mrs. Baker, who within three years after the founding of the settlement, noticing that the children were not receiving spiritual teaching, gathered them together probably in the public room of the Northwest fort room and organized a Sunday School. It is to be remembered that this was only three years after Robert Raikes, in England, was said to have established the Sunday School as a new and novel factor in religious training for the young.

"I will not take your time in describing the hardships and the triumphs of this colony. Not a person within sound of my voice has not heard the details over and over. It has all been told in song and story. I am satisfied to have pointed out the relation of this settlement to the westward movement of the American people; to show that the object of the settlers was purely altruistic; that they carried with them their religion, their patriotism, their standards of conduct and their zeal for government. These they established early in their frontier life. They were practical men, preparing the way for the hardy women who arrived amidst great rejoicing in the early Autumn to share the privations of their husbands and fathers.

"The hardships endured by the pioneer women will never be known. They were uncomplaining. Whilst the father strode ahead with the trusty rifle over his shoulder, the mother tried to guide the horse or horses over the rough road, holding to her breast the baby and anxious for the safety of her other children on the journey. Not all travelled under the care and comforts of a land company. And their privations were continued and increased in the new home in the wilderness, far removed from friends and kindred. When Lincoln's mother died in that lonely cabin in southern Indiana, we find from later investigation that the nearest physician lived eighteen miles. away. When the boy went to bed, he climbed up the pegs set into the logs of the cabin and stretched his wearied body on a pallet made of hay and corn-husks. Yet the very hardships and privations of frontier life, far removed from Old World influence, was making the originality that marked the great man both in his private life and manners and in dealing with problems affecting the very preservation of the Union.

"The women of America, our foremothers, worthy ancestors of these worthy Daughters who follow, acted as conservators of the sense of justice, of law and order and of domestic tranquillity inherited and put into effect by the men of that day. These factors had not yet been entrusted to woman's hands

but the home influence was felt in the administration of public life. To the women was due largely the splendid execution of the provision of the Ordinance governing the Northwest Territory which says: 'Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.'

"It is most fitting, therefore, that this tablet which we unveil today, should have been placed upon this house by the women of Ohio, constituting the Daughters of the American Revolution. It is fitting because it is placed upon a private dwelling, symbolical of the domestic life brought by these pioneers to this Ohio valley in 1788. I can think of no activity in which this organization of those in whose veins pulse the blood of Revolutionary heroes could do better work than the marking and preserving of historic places. If the work is continued as planned, the state of Ohio is to be congratulated on the possession of women of vision, women who insure the retention of our history and traditions, women who put these memories into beautiful and permanent form.

"I venture at this time to make a dedication of this tablet and this house, both the property of the public and of the future generations, as represented by the throng of school children I see about me and who have given such polite attention. This tablet I dedicate to the preservation of American traditions and stories; to a history that shall not be allowed to perish from the earth. I dedicate it to the characteristics of the American pioneers, the ability to endure hardships, to welcome toil and hardships for the sake of the future, to save and spare for future safety and comfort. I dedicate it to the principles of law and order, of government and religion, of enlightenment and education, which these pioneers brought with them into the wilderness. Finally I dedicate it to the use of the American people, to be a shrine, a Mecca, to which pilgrimages may be made as they are now made to Mt. Vernon there to renew vows of fealty to country, to toil, to hardship, to thrift - all for the sake of preserving a national character given to us by these forefathers. Long may such inspiration be given to us. Tablet of domestic life, the embodiment of the American homeesto perpetua- remain forever!"

At the conclusion of Dr. Sparks' address Mrs. Wilson introduced Mrs. Austin C. Branch of Canton; Mrs. L. C. Laylin, of Columbus; Miss Willia Cotton, of Marietta; Mrs. Theodore Davis and Miss Burlingame,

who responded briefly as did also Miss Minerva Tupper Nye, through whose interest and generosity the Campus Martius properly was transferred to the state.

The addresses were delivered from the large flagstone at the south entrance of the Campus Martius building, to about one thousand people who were comfortably assembled in the street opposite which had been enclosed for the occasion. The exercises closed a few minutes before the noon hour. The Campus Martius House was thrown open and visited through the remainder of the day by those who attended the meeting.

Shortly after twelve o'clock the members of the Marietta Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and their guests, about one hundred in number, went to the Unitarian Church where luncheon was served in rooms tastefully decorated for the occasion. Following the luncheon addresses were made by representatives of the Daughters of the American Revolution from Ohio chapters and the other states formed from the original Northwest Territory, - Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. Among the the speakers were Mrs. J. B. Foraker, Mrs. Edwin Erle Sparks and Mrs. Wayne Cook, National Vice-regent of the D. A. R.

The weather was ideal. The exercises and entertainment were much to the credit of the committees and officers of the D. A. R. who had carefully planned the details of this patriotic and inspiring occasion.

OHIO STATE ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL

SOCIETY.

REVIEWS, NOTES AND COMMENTS

BY THE EDITOR

A VISIT FROM BENJAMIN LUNDY

A letter of Ruth Galbreath, wife of Nathan Galbreath, dated "New Garden, Ohio, 2nd mo. 3rd, 1833," contains among other things a description of a visit from Benjamin Lundy which may be of interest to readers of this issue of the QUARTERLY, as it expresses the regard of Columbiana County Quakers for this reformer and bears testimony to the fact that he was a not infrequent visitor in eastern Ohio at this time. The letter in part is as follows:

"I had the very great gratification of seeing B. Lundy last fall. He gave us a call and took tea with us, and I must tell something of the manner of his introduction. I happened to be alone in the kitchen. * * * I was very much engaged in my household concerns when I heard a knocking at the front door with the head of a cane, by which I inferred that it was a man. So I thought he might knock away until he was tired and then come down to the kitchen door, but finding he continued to knock I at length called out, 'Come in,' more than once, but the knocking still continued, and seeing no alternative, I with the implement I was using ran hastily up and met at the door a little strange looking man of no very interesting appearance. The first thought that struck me was that he was a school master, come to be examined, Nathan having performed the office of examiner since the institution of district schools. I invited him into the sitting room, left him and dispatched a messenger for Nathan (for the man had asked for him) and resumed my work in the kitchen. When Nathan came, he went up to the room and soon returned to the head of the stairs and called in an animated tone of voice desiring me to come up. I dropped my work in an instant, say