cruribus haec metuat, doti deprensa, egomet mi. III. 3673.C are 1:|: ཚི ༢༥ རི ཟླ ༤ ༤ ༤ རྞ མཾ 131. cruribus: for heinous of- 133. denique, at any rate, even if he escapes the other misfortunes. 134. Fabio, no doubt the same philosopher mentioned in I. I. 14, according to whose doctrine, of course as a Stoic, nothing was miserum to the sage. Yet even he would have to admit that this was. The abrupt ending after the climax in deprendi, etc., is in Horace's favorite manner. However far he may go, he stops unexpectedly, doubtless on purpose to avoid the appearance of formal preaching. SATIRE 3. This satire is directed against the fault of censoriousness and the habit of detraction and disparagement of one's friends. These vices had probably increased, as often happens, with the increase of refinement and the scarcity of other objects on which to exercise men's critical faculties. Horace evidently saw that they were fatal to the social intercourse of a court, and found them the more hurtful in that they were practised in a Pharisaic Gould ала spirit under the pretence of virtue. Hence the precepts of this satire. Here again the poet advances, not directly, but by a flank attack, starting off with a diatribe against a member of the court circle now dead, as if he himself were one of the detractors. Presently, however, he shows that what he has said is only an example of the disparagement which he wishes to inveigh against. 1. The poet begins with a general charge, but the emphatic position of omnibus shows that the stricture is supposed to be intended for some particular person to be mentioned later. 3. iniussi, unbidden, uninvited. Sardus: the word may well be supposed to have a disparaging tone, as the Sardinians were not much esteemed at Rome. 4. Tigellius: the same person who is mentioned in the second satire. Caesar: Augustus.- posset, etc.: these subjunctives are not in the contrary-to-fact construction, but stand for present tenses transferred to past time. If we imagine them used of a case in the present, their true character is easily seen. posset, in any case, comes under the characteristic class. See A. & G. Gr. § 307. f. infusable: main at to termo Cottain. si peteret per amicitiam patris atque suam, non quicquam proficeret; si collibuisset, ab ovo usque ad mala citaret 'Io Bacchae!' modo summa voce, modo hac,resonat quae chordis quattuor,ima. Nil aequale homini fuit illi; saepe velut qui currebat fugiens hostem, persaepe velut qui Iunonis sacra ferret; habebat saepe ducentos, saepe decem servos; modo reges atque tetrarchas,.. omnia magna loquens, modo, 'Sit mihi mensa tripes et concha salis puri et toga, quae defendere frigus, quamvis crassa, queat.' Deciens centena dedisses. huic parco, paucis contento, quinque diebus nil erat in loculis. Noctis vigilabat ad ipsum * 5. patris, i.e. Julius Cæsar, his adoptive father. -non quicquam proficeret, he would not have the least effect. 6. si collibuisset, if he took a fancy. ab ovo usque ad mala: i.e. from the beginning to the end, since the promulsis or antepast consisted of eggs and the like, and the dessert came last, as with us. If we substitute oysters for eggs, and dessert for apples, the translation will be tolerably near. 7. citaret, would shout. - Bacchae: from some favorite song, probably from a Greek tragedy like the Bacchae of Euripides. -summa: as the lyre was held, the deepest note was above and the highest below. Hence we must invert the words in English, referring them to pitch and not position. 8. resonat, accords.· chordis: dative. and its form by ferret. 2 5 ΙΟ 15 Again, some word of walking is indicated by the manner of proceeding described, but its form is determined by currebat. II. habebat: i.e. in his train as he appeared abroad. 12. decem: a small number for the princely style of the Romans. Cf. I. 6. 116.- reges, princes, rich men, i.e. of his intercourse with them, and of matters in which they were concerned, indicating a life at courts. 13. magna, on a grand scale. modo, now saying.—tripes, threelegged, as opposed to the finer tables with one support in the centre (orbis). concha salis puri: suggesting simplicity with cleanliness and decency. There was a kind of sanctity about the saltcellar (salinum), which was in a manner dedicated to the household gods. 15. deciens centena: sc. milia sestertium, a million.— dedisses, suppose you had given or gave, a hortatory subjunctive transferred to past time. 16. paucis, a little. 17. erat, there would be. The 2. mane, diem totum stertebat. Nil fuit umquam sic impar sibi. — Nunc aliquis dicat mihi: 'Quid tu, nullane habes vitia?' Immo alia et fortasse minora. Maenius absentem Novium cum carperet, 'Heus tu,' quidam ait, 'ignoras te, an ut ignotum dare nobis verba putas?' 'Egomet mi ignosco,' Maenius inquit. Stultus et improbus hic amor est, dignusque notari.” Cum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis, 20 25 difference is that in the former no definite person is conceived of, while here a particular person is meant, though not described or identified. ut ignotum (sc. te), as a stranger to us, or as if we didn't know you, i.e. "Is it ignorance of your own character, or the hope of deceiving us, that leads you to attack another man's faults, when you have so many of your own?" dare verba, deceive, impose upon, a common colloquial expres sion. 23. egomet, etc.: the naïve answer of Mænius shows the disposition which Horace is attacking, and serves as a text for the following. improbus, conscienceless. 24. amor, self-love.—notari, to be censured. The construction is poetic or colloquial, for which Ciceronian prose would require ut or qui with the subjunctive. The meaning of the word comes from the mark (nota) which the censor in making up the rolls affixed to the name of any person whom he wished to remove from his position for misconduct. 25. lippus inunctis, with your blear eyes daubed with eye-salve. One is tempted to make in negative in inunctis, as if the man had weak eyes and did not care to put on the usual remedy. But there seems to be no authority for this. quam aut aquila aut serpens Epidaurius? At tibi contra evenit, inquirant vitia ut tua rursus et illi.in Iracundior est paulo, minus aptus acutis naribus horum hominum; rideri possit eo, quod rusticius tonso toga defluit, et male laxus 30 in pede calceus haeret: at est bonus, ut melior vir non alius quisquam, at tibi amicus, at ingenium ingens inculto latet hoc sub corpore. Denique te ipsum concute, num qua tibi vitiorum inseverit olim natura, aut etiam consuetudo mala; namque 27. Epidaurius: the serpent was a special symbol of the worship of Esculapius, and was often identified with the god himself. It was in this form that the god was supposed to have come from Epidaurus to Rome, where a temple was built to him on the island in the Tiber. The serpent was famous for keen vision (cf. the name Spáкwv), and was supposed to possess prophetic powers. The connection here is probably only from Horace's favorite way of giving an individual instead of a class, and there is no special reference to this particular Esculapius serpent. 28. rursus et illi, they too in turn, i.e. those you criticise. 29. iracundior, quick-tempered, an example of a case where injustice is done by this criticism, inasmuch as the subject of it cannot, like most men, disregard it, but is angered by it. minus aptus: i.e. he has a quick temper impatient of criticism. acutis naribus, the keen criticism, the figure derived from the natural turning up of the nose in fastidious disgust. (Cf. I. 4. 8, and I. 6. 5.) 30. horum, of our day, when this fault is so common. 35 31. rusticius tonso: with his hair in rustic style. - toga: the Romans paid the utmost attention to the set of the toga, plaiting it in folds which were secured in a fixed position. This requirement of fashion the man neglects, letting his toga fall loosely and awry. male laxus, loose and ill-fitting. 32. at est bonus, etc.: i.e. he has all these good qualities, which are lost sight of in this over-fastidious criticism. 34. denique, etc.: i.e. in short, learn tolerance of such minor faults by self-examination, through which you will very likely find that you have some as well. 35. concute: the figure derived from shaking out the loose garments of the ancients for purposes of search. We should say search your pockets or the like. olim, at any time. — inseverit: by changing the voice the order of words and ideas may be kept in English. 36. namque introducing the reason for saying consuetudo as well as natura. Even if one is free from bad habits by nature, it may happen that they have grown up unawares, like weeds in neglected ground. neglectis urenda filix innascitur agris. Illuc praevertamur, amatorem quod amicae turpia decipiunt caecum vitia, aut etiam ipsa haec delectant, veluti Balbinum polypus Hagnae. Vellem in amicitia sic erraremus, et isti A ́ ́、 errori nomen virtus posuisset honestum. At pater ut gnati, sic nos debemus amici si quod sit vitium non fastidire; strabonem appellat paetum pater, et pullum, male parvus si cui filius est, ut abortivus fuit olim Sisyphus; hunc varum distortis cruribus; illum balbutit scaurum pravis fultum male talis. 37. urenda, to be burned with fire. 40. Balbinum: nothing is known 41. vellem: notice that the wish is contrary to the actual fact. 42. virtus: i.e. philosophers in their discussions on virtue. The Stoics are particularly referred to, whose high ideal of virtue and tendency to puritanism apparently made them especially inclined to censoriousness, and against whom Horace never loses an opportunity to break a lance. Cf. v. 96 et seq.honestum: the Stoic made "the becoming," Tò рéπov, i.e. what was in accordance with the nature of man and the universe, the criterion of virtue. Of this expression honestum is the Latin translation, and the word is here used with reference to this technical sense. Hence it means virtuous, but as virtus is best translated virtue, we may translate honorable. At any rate, the whole means, 'that Ethics 40 45 had reckoned this among the virtues,' which of course in the Stoic school it could not do. 43. gnati, with his son, changing the construction to keep the emphasis and the order of the words. 44. fastidire, be too critical. strabonem: the point of the passage lies in the fact that the descriptive words, most of which are real Roman names, are of two classes, the first denoting an excessive degree of the quality referred to, and the second a slight degree, with which latter class the fond father nicknames his son.—s - strabonem, his "cock-eyed" son. All the names should be given in Latin with the translation. 45. appellat: cf. Lucr. IV. 1160. paetum, Blinky. pullum, Chicky. male, wretchedly. 47. Sisyphus: a famous dwarf, kept by Mark Antony. Such persons were very common in the suites of the Roman nobles, acting as jesters. varum, little Bandylegs. 48. balbutit, calls in childish accents. scaurum, little Stumpy, properly with misshapen ankles. male, sadly (with pravis). |