and penitentiaries, 507; prevention
of crime not sufficiently regarded,
508; society needs reform, 509;
wretchedness of the lower classes,
510; social life artificial and unna-
tural, 511; not to be reformed by
breaking down old institutions, but
by introducing a new principle,
512; arbitrary associations of men,
513; each portion of society to
work out its own regeneration,
514; Eugene Sue's idea of reform
condemned, 515; law of love the
great reforming principle, 516.
Mosaic religion, 312.
Montiano, Don Manuel de, Governor
of Florida, his MS., 391.
Mesmerism, applied to surgery, 521.
Modern Languages, study of, 524.
Mysteries of Paris, scheme of it im-
probable and morality bad, 257.
Mignet's Histoire de la Rev. Fran-
caise, 1.
Malesherbes, M. de, Life and Charac-
ter of, 458-469; his birth and edu-
cation, 458; made President of the
Court of Aids, constitution of that
Court, 460; feudal system, 459;
Malesherbes made minister to
Louis XVI, 460; his integrity and
enemies, 461; resigns his place
and travels, 461; effects of his ab-
sence from the Court, 462; general
corruption of the Court, ib.; Male-
sherbes recalled and takes up his
pen for France, ib.; his retirement
from public life, ib.; devotes him-
self to letters, 463; condition of Eu-
rope at this time, 464; session of
the States General, ib.; Jacobins
usurp all power, 465; Malesherbes
volunteers to defend the king, ib.;
results, 466; incurs the hatred of
the dominant party, 467; pretexts
for arresting him, his trial and ex-
ecution, 468.
Milton's Genius, 420-458; literary
men's indebtedness to their prede-
cessors,422; authors generally imi-
tators, 423; Milton, in this sense
only, an imitator, 424; the Milton-
ic controversy, 426; Lauder's bit-
ter attacks on Milton,427; charges
him with innumerable plagiarisms,
429; Lauder convicted of forging
authorities, 430; pleads guilty,431;
Milton's proposed tragedies not
original,-imitates in his poem
Grotius and Masenius among the
moderns, 435; the Sarcothea of
Masenius, 436; its exordium supe-
rior to that of Paradise Lost, 438;
points of resemblance and compar-
ison between the two poems, 436;
Milton's imitation of Ariosto, Ho-
mer and Theocritus, 438.
Mathews' Poems on Man, 103–118;
present age fruitful in philosophies,
103; Professor Longfellow's poet-
ry, Ebenezer Elliott's claims as a
poet, 105; poems on man as an
American citizen considered, 106;
critical examination of the poem
on 'the Statesman,' 110; 'the Jour-
nalist,' 111; 'the Masses,' 112; 'the
Reformer,' 113; the last named re-
plete with bold and striking image-
ry and originality,' 114; 'the Far-
mer,' 115; 'the Merchant,' 116; mo-
rality of this poem objectionable,
ib.; roughness of Mr. Mathews'
verse and its cause, 117; his poems
will be read by the thinking and
not by the masses, ib.; is himself
among the most promising of
American poets, 118.
Neal's History of the Puritans, 264.
Ned Myers, or life before the mast,
264.
Numerous Cases of surgical opera-
tions without pain, in the mesmeric
state, by John Elliotson, 521.
Oration delivered before the Magno-
lia Encampment of Odd Fellows
at Savannah, by H. R. Jackson,
519.
Proverbial Philosophy, 262.
Puritans, Neal's History of, 264.
Pictures of Private Life, 263.
Plato's Gorgias, 223.
Percival's Poems, 187-223; Ameri-
can Poetry, lyrical, 188; poetic
emotion common to all men, 197;
connection between the fine arts,
200; compared with oratory, 202,
love of the beautiful struggling for
expression, 206; our orators are
our greatest poets, 213; character
of Dr. Percival as a poet, 215; not
calculated to be popular, 216; his
poem on 'Genius Waking,' 217;
on the 'Dream of a Day,' among
the highest flights of poetry, 219;
compared with Bryant, 221; 'Sen-
eca Lake,' and the 'Dream of a
Day' contrasted, 222.
Puseyism no Popery, etc., 469-497;
Christianity an active principle,
470; evidence of it, ib.; religious
movements always interesting, ib.;
excitement in the church of Eng-
land and Scotland, 471; origin of
the free church of Scotland, ib.;
origin of Puseyism, 473; its tenets,
474; Oxford Tracts, ib.; Puseyism
tends to Romanism, 475; both
maintain the divine origin of the
church to govern, 475; to such an
authority a Pope necessary, 478;
the followers of Dr. Pusey have
outstripped their leaders, 479; de-
sire a universal church, 482; right
of private judgment in religious
matters, 484; no form of church
government established in the
Scriptures, ib.; the word tolerant
not appropriate between churches,
486; every church has an absolute
right to determine for itself, ib.;
Presbyterian, Episcopal and Rom-
ish churches all oppose a union
with the State, 490; flourishing
condition of churches without such
union, 491; State contaminates the
Church, 493; causes persecutions,
495.
Report of Committee on Indian Af-
fairs, 118.
Relations of the Ancient World, 156—
187; Haeren's works, 156; their
design, 157; early history of Egypt,
158; hieroglyphics, 159; manner
of studying Egyptian history, 162;
Egyptians not the negro race, 164;
their connection with the Hindoos,
African and Asiatic character,167;
ancient commerce, 170; Tyre, 171;
influence of commerce on national
character, 173; four great epochs
of ancient history, 174; compara-
tive merits of Haeren and Nie-
buhr, 179; Haeren's account of the
early Romans full of error, 179;
Roman constitution, 180; cause of
the downfall, 184; Roman litera-
ture, 186.
Reformed Israelites, see Israelites.
Salomon, Dr. Gotthold, his sermons,
312; extracts from them, 351-360.
Sue, Eugene, his writings criticised,
497-516.
Socrates, 223-257; character of the
age in which he lived, 226; Greek
scepticism, 227; sophists, 228; op-
posed by Socrates, 231; Socrates'
demon, 232; Socratic method of ar-
gument, 235; state of religion at
Athens, 236; Socrates' opinions,
238; his ethical doctrines, 239; his
politics, 242; was not a martyr to
theism, 246; not tried by the Areo-
pagus, 247; the apologists of Aris-
tophanes, 248; Xenophon's defence
of his master, 249; Aristophane's
Clouds condemned even by the
Athenians, 250; Macaulay's ob-
jections to Socrates, 252; contrast
between Socrates and Bacon, ib.;
their philosophy, 253; their lives,
256.
Tracts for the Times, 469.
Thiers' French Revolution, I.
165; religion, 166; immutability of Xenophon's Memorabilia, 223.
SOUTHERN QUARTERLY REVIEW.
ART. I.-FRENCH REVOLUTION.
1. Histoire de la Revolution Française. Par F. A. MIGNET. 2. History of the French Revolution, by M. A. THIERS, translated by FRED. SHOBERL.
3. History of Europe, by ARCHIBALD ALISON, F. R. S. E., &c.
IT has been well observed, that the Revolution of France is one of the great eras of social order. The period of its accomplishment constitutes one of the grandest epochs in the history of man. Never before appeared, on the great political theatre, such actors, such virtue, such vice. Never were there such comminglement and chaos of all that was great and mean. Never before had Europe seen such armies in the field, nor such Generals to lead them to battle. Never, perhaps, did national convulsion ever before exert such deep and wide-spread influence over the nations of the earth. Whole empires swung from their moorings. The world for a season was madly intoxicated with liberty. The history of this great event is one of the most mournfully interesting and deeply instructive lessons, that can be gathered from the records of the past. This great event has, of course, called forth many historians, but we must be permitted candidly to say, that we do not know of a single English historian, except Carlyle, who has done justice to it. Sir Walter Scott and Alison have both failed to come up to the requisitions of the subject. Alison, after ably stating a long VOL. V.-No. 9.
list of grievances, which led to the revolution, most inconsequentially concludes that it was wholly unjustifiable, and was the work of the mere spirit of innovation. Able and accurate generally in his details, he has most signally failed in the linking together of cause and effect. He is for ever telling how this little event, or that little accident, would have stopped the revolution, and he is far, very far, from penetrating the true motives of the principal actors in that great drama. Whatever may be the facts, he never fails to make the revolution, from beginning to end, one great unmixed crime. Unquestionably, as far as we have been enabled to judge from our own reading, Mignet and Thiers are greatly superior to all others who have ever attempted a regular history of the French revolution. Mignet has given the most condensed, most philosophical and beautiful narrative of the progress of events; whilst Thiers, belonging to the same school and entertaining similar views, has given us one of the most copious and expanded which has yet been published, and without making any effort at philosophizing, he enables us, perhaps, to gather the philosophy of the revolution more accurately from his work, than any other historian. He has narrated every thing in its proper place, and at the proper time. He has every where given us the close connection between the military and civil affairs, and shown how they influenced each other. Mr. Alison, after the fashion of the English school, has a great passion for grouping similar subjects together, and treating of them apart in separate chapters. One chapter treats of civil matters, another of military, a third philosophizes on them, etc. This plan answers well in most historical compositions, but will not do on the subject of the French revolution. Here, events of every variety are so interlocked and intertwisted with each other, that it is impossible to get a clear idea of causation, without presenting the whole tableaux at once to the eye. It will not do to give fifty pages on the 20th June, the 10th August, and the September massacres, and then fifty more on military affairs; but it is necessary to blend the two series together, for they, in point of fact, reciprocally produced each other, and cannot be appreciated unless exhibited in the closest connection. Carlyle's work, in spite of his miserably affected style, is perhaps the ablest view of the French revolution which has ever been published in England. It must be regarded as entirely of the dramatic
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