78, 79: the formulary procedure |
brings legal procedure under the con-
trol of the praetor, 81, 270: becomes
the leading organ for the develop-
ment of Roman law, 81: gives effect
to the jus aequum, 83: decline of
the, 87, 88: final revision of the, 89,
112 (and see 314) contents of the,
illustrated, 91.

Edictum de conjungendis cum®
emancipato liberis ejus, 557.

Hadrianum (Julianum), 87-
90: its arrangement, 77 (), 79 (3):
its contents referable to public law,
89 (*) (cp. 292).

successorium, 559.
Theodorici, 130.
tralaticium, 80, 87.
Einhandsprincip, 382 (3).
Emancipatio, developed by the inter-
pretatio, 60: produces capitis demi-
nutio minima, 189, 508, 509: ex-
tinguishes patria potestas, 507: cere-
mony of, 507, 508: Anastasiana,
Justiniana, 507: Saxonica, 508.
Emancipatus, succession to an, by the
civil law, 555: not a suus heres, 532:
his rights of intestate succession by the
praetorian law, 556, 557, 558, 560:
collatio by an, 557; 590.
Emblemata Triboniani, 127.
Emphyteusis, 368-71: distinguished
from servitudes, 370.

Emtio venditio (Sale), 416-9: dis-
tinguished from exchange, 416 ('),
417 (3) transfer of ownership in,
332, 418.

Enrichment ex injusta causa, 425,
426.

sine causa, 424, 425.
Ephemeris, 413 (1).

Epistola, a form of rescript, 110, 112:
manumission per epistolam, 175, 176.
Epitome Juliani, 22.

Equity, and Law, 29: development of,

in Rome, 74, 75.

:

Error, in substantia, 221: distinguished
from error in corpore, 222 (and see
220) in what cases error in sub-
stantia is legally relevant, 222, 223: a
ground of in integrum restitutio, 313.
Esse in libertate, 179.

Eviction, landlord's right of, 370:
vendor must warrant purchaser
against, 417.
Exagoge, 543.

Exceptio, 290 ff., 460 (): defences
operating ope exceptionis and ipso
jure, 290: gives expression to the
opposition between the civil and
praetorian law, 291, 292: 'civil'
exceptiones, 293 (and see 268 (1)) :
effect of an, in an actio in factum
concepta, 293, 294: dilatory and per-
emptory exceptiones, 297, 298:
modes of extinguishing an obliga-
tion operating ope exceptionis, 449,
456 ff.

dilatoria, 297, 298.
divisionis, 385, 404.

doli, 221, 291, 297: form of
the, 295 generalis and specialis,
296: used to give effect to a counter-
claim, 296, 459, 460, 463.

457.

dominii, 348 (cp. 350), 368.
jurisjurandi, 291.

legis Cinciae, 292.
legis Plaetoriae, 292.
metus, 221, 291, 297.

pacti de non petendo, 291,

rei judicatae vel in judi-
cium deductas, 268, 301, 334:
positive and negative function of the,
301 (), 302: how used to give effect
to a judgment in a correal obliga-
tion, 384, 385.

rei venditae et traditae, 328.
SC. Macedoniani, 292, 395.
80'. Vellejani, 292, 405.

solutionis, 294.

temporalis, 298.

transactionis, 291.

vitiosae possessionis, 355.
Exchange, 398: distinguished from
sale, 388, 416, 416 (1), 417 ('): how
enforceable, 424.

Excusationes of guardians, 516, 517,

521.

Execution, 302-5: rigour of, in the
early law (manus injectio), 53, 392:
gives rise to the L. A. per manus
injectionem, 246-8, 392: judicial
execution, meaning of, 246, 247:

when available, 248, 282, 286: execu-
tion in actiones arbitrariae, 286:
always personal in the early law, 53,
302, 392: real execution (missio in
bona, venditio bonorum) due to the
praetor, 303, 304: effects of the
praetorian execution (bankruptcy),
304: cessio bonorum, 305: 'special'
execution (pignus in causa judicati
captum), 305: in the later Empire,
317, 318.

Exercitor, 445, 448.

Exheredatio (Disinherison), rules of,
in the civil law, 580-2 (cp. 550):
in the praetorian law, 583: under
Justinian, 586: nominatim and inter
ceteros, 581,582, 583: of postumi, 582.
Existimatio (Civic honour), 190:
existimationis consumtio, 191: existi-
mationis minutio, 191-3: see Infamia.
Expensilatio, 410-4 (and see 394):
see Literal Contract.
Expositio, 139.
Expromissio, 405.
Extinction of Obligations, 449 ff.:
see Obligation.

Extraordinary Procedure (Pro-
cedure per cognitionem), nature
of the, 306: what matters dealt with
by the, 307, 503: development of
the, in the Empire, 315-7: employed
by the emperors, 112, 113, and their
delegates, 115, 116 (cp. 234 (2)): see
also Cognitio.

F.

Facere, meaning of, as the object of
an obligation, 386 (cp. 407, 594).
Facio ut des, facio ut facias, 398, 401.
Falsa causa non nocet, 220, 222.
Familiae emtor, in the mancipatory

will, 568, 572, 573: is formal owner
of the estate, 568, 569: gradually
becomes a mere witness, 570, 572,573:
no one in his power could be a witness,
576.

Family, conception of, in the jus civile
(agnatio), 188, 466, 478, 480, and in
the jus gentium (cognatio), 467, 468:
constituent members of a, 468, 469.

-

Law of the, 26, 27, 465 ff.:
place of the, in the legal system, 163,
165, 166: applied and pure family law,
165,465.

power, nature of, 465: rigour
of, in the early law, 53.

trusts, 3, 4.
Fas, 23 (2), 56 (3).

Ferruminatio. 345.

Fictio legis Corneliae, 187.
Fictions, use of, in Roman procedure:
see Actio ficticia: fiction of insanity,
584 (").

Fideicommissarius, 597.
Fideicommissum, a creation of the
imperial jurisdictio, 113: its nature
and characteristics, 597: assimilation
of legata and fideicommissa, 598,
599: fideicommissaria libertas, 174:
universal fideicommissum, 602-5 (and
see 113).

orale, 599.

Fidejussio (Suretyship), 403-5:
creates a correal obligation, 381, 404:
contrasted with constitutum debiti,
431, and with older forms of surety-
ship, 403 (3): in a naturalis obligatio
servi, 172(1): in the case of an
hereditas jacens, 538.

Fidepromissio, 403 (3).
Fiducia (Mancipatio fiduciae causa),
61-4: cum amico contracta, 62, 393,
425 ('): cum creditore contracta, 62,
373, 374 (cp. 392): enforceable by
Actio fiduciae (q. v.): could not be
created by traditio, 65 (13), 364 (1):
drawbacks of, 373, 393: contrasted
with a mancipatory will, 64 ("), 569.
(in the sense of the thing man-
cipated fiduciae causa), 339 (').
Fiduciarius, 597.
Fiduciary Ownership, 65 (19): cp.
339 (1).

Filiusfamilias, legal meaning of, 184:
his position in public law, ibid.:
rules as to his proprietary capacity,
185 gradual development of his full
proprietary capacity, 185, 504-6,
564 liability of the paterfamilias
for contracts of filiusfamilias, 446,
506, and for his delicts, 440, 503:
involuntary representation by, 235,
504: loans of money to a, 395: ad-
stipulatio by a, 408: testamentary
capacity of a, 567: and see Patria
potestas.

miles, privileges of a, 504,
505 and see Soldier.
Fiscus, a juristic person, 199: chari-
table foundations regarded as portions
of the, 207: hypotheca of the, 376,
378: takes bona vacantia, 537: claim
of the, to bona ereptoria, 593 and
cp. 498.

Flamen Dialis, 506.

Flavius, 93, 95 (cp. 78, note).

Foenus, see Interest.

Folk-land, 196.

Foreclosure clause, 377.
Foreigners, see Peregrini.
Foreign trade, its importance in Ro-
man legal history, 67 ff.
Formula, 81, 256: serves as a litis
contestatio in the court of the praetor
peregrinus, 256,257, 267-9: extension
of its use, 259-62: through the
medium of the formula the praetor
dominates the development of civil
procedure and of private law, 268-
71: parts of the, 271 ff.: in jus and
in factum concepta, 276, 277.
Formulary procedure, 81: origin
and development of the, 255 ff.: was
the procedure of the jus honorarium
and the jus gentium, 258: became
a civil procedure, 261: importance of
the, in the development of Roman law,
271: falls into disuse, 316 (cp. 115):
finally abolished, 317, 318.
Foundations, as juristic persons,
206 ff.: in the technical and non-
technical sense, 207: in modern
German law, 211, 212.
Fragments, in the Corpus juris, 17.
Vaticana, 124 (2).

Fraud, see Dolus.

Freedman, see Libertus.

French Civil Code, 7.

Fructus, 344, 347 ('): and see 359,
360, 369.

Fundus dotalis, 486.

Italicus, privileges of, 182 (3):
a res mancipi, 71, 324, 325: form-
ing part of a dos, 486.

provincialis, could not be the
object of quiritary ownership, 324,
337, 338, 364 (cp. 197, 198), nor of
civil jura in re, 364.

Fur manifestus, 432, 438 (cp. 247(")).
Furiosus (Lunatic), has no capacity
of action, 228, 229 (cp. 567, 574(°)),
nor delictual capacity, 231: cura of
a, 510, 513.
Furtum (Theft), 432, 433: quasi-
contractual liability of a thief, 425,
426: husband and wife cannot sue
one another for, 483.

· possessionis, usus, 433.

G.

Gajus, 102: authority of, 121: writings
of, in the Law of Citations, 122, 123:
Justinian's Institutes founded in the
main on, 126: Gothic epitome of, 132.

Gens (Clan), Gentilis, 36 ff., 469: the
gentiles' rights of intestate succession,
38, 555, 556, 558.

German Civil Code, 7, 8, 10 ff.,
162.

References to particular Sections
of the Code:

1 (capacity to have rights), 170:
§ 21, 22 (Societies), 213: § 54
(societies not incorporated), 214: § 80
(foundations), 211: §§ 106, 107
(minors), 230: § 114 (imbeciles, &c.),
230: $ 433 ff., 446, 447 (sale),
417 (3), 418: § 611 ff. (contracts of
service), 114): §§ 752, 753 (par-
tition), 334 (): § 823 (negligent
damage), 439: § 1626 (parental
power), 508: § 1923 (succession of
a child en ventre sa mere), 170:
§ 2100 ff. (Nacherben), 605 : § 2174
(legacy), 334 (*), 599 (*).

Law, struggle of, with Roman
law in the Middle Ages, 157-9.
Private Law, 4, 160.

Germani, 469.
Gesamthandsprincip, 382 (").
Gestio, is essential to a cura, but not
to a tutela, 509: the special power
of a guardian depends on the extent
of his, 517: distinguished from auc-
toritas, 518.

Gift, see Donatio.

Glossa ordinaria, 141.

Glossators, 11, 129, 134, 139-42:
their main achievement, 141: their
attitude towards Lombard and Ro-
man law, 146, 147.
Gothofredus, 22.
Gratianus, 143 (1).
Guardians, how appointed, 513-5:
qualifications of, 515, 516: women
as guardians, 515: effect of the ap-
pointment on, 516: excusationes of,
516, 517: the special power of, 517
(cp. 229): powers of joint guardians,
518: duties of, 518-20: the obliga-
tion of joint guardians is solidary,
383 (), 519: remedies against, 519,
520: removal of, 521: controlled by
the state as guardian-in-chief, 521:
and see next word.

Guardianship, place of the law of, in
Family Law, 466: two kinds of,
509, 510, see Cura; Tutela: of
minors, two stages of, 510, 511 (and
see 228-30): a munus publicum (offi-
cium), 516 (cp. 59 ($)): creates a
quasi-contractual obligation, 428:

termination of, 520, 521: see pre-
ceding word.

H.

Habitatio, 361: not extinguished by
non usus or capitis deminutio minima,
366.

Hadrian, consolidates the Edict, 88,
89, 116, 314: rescript on the collec-
tions of responsa, 97: epistola on the
beneficium divisionis, 110 (3), 404:
his practical abolition of usucapio
pro herede, 542 (), 589: divers prac-
tices commencing about the reign of,
90 (3), 110 (3), 111, 182 (*).
Half-blood, Relations of the, see Col-
lateral relations.
Harmenopulos, 137.
Heir, see Heres.

Hereditas, defined and distinguished
from bonorum possessio, 538, 551:
delatio and acquisitio of an, 528-35:
assignment of an, 533 (3): repudiatio
of an, 534, 547, 548: usucapio pro
herede originally a usucapio of the,
540: a fideicommissum of an, 602-5:
and see Succession.

590, 592.

vindicatio, 239 (3).
Heredium, 38.
Heres (Heir), quasi-contractual lia-
bility of the, 429: a universal suc-
cessor. 525, 587 (see Succession):
heres domesticus and extraneus, 530:
intestacy heirs, 554 ff.: testamentary
heirs, 566 ff. heirs by necessity,
578 ff. liability of the heir for the
debts of the deceased, 526, 588: in-
ability to become heir, and incapa-
city,' 592 (and see Institution).

domesticus, 530: succeeds
ipso jure, ibid. : either a suus et neces-
sarius, 530,531, or a necessarius, 532:
a slave as heres necessarius, 533.

— extraneus (voluntarius), 530,
533: must expressly take possession
of the inheritance aditio), 530, 534,
535, 544, 545, 546, 547-
Heretics, disqualification of, 592.
Hexabiblos, 137.

High Treason, disqualification of chil-
dren of persons guilty of, 592.
Hire, see Locatio conductio.
History of Roman law, as a branch
of legal study in Germany, 9, 14.
Honorarium, not legally recoverable
till the Empire, 113.

Honorius and Theodosius, on the
limitation of actions, 299.
Honour, Civic, 190.
Horctus, 37-

Hostile property, 336.

Hostis, original meaning of, 180 (1).
Hotchpot, 557, 590, 591.
Household, community of, 467.
Hugo, 140.

Husband and Wife, proprietary rela-
tions between, 480-3, in marriages
with manus, 477, 480, 481, and in
marriages without manus (principle
of separate property), 481, 482:
mutual gifts between, see Donatio
irter virum et uxorem: wife en-
titled to maintenance, 482: cannot
sue one another for theft, 483: dos
in substance the wife's property, 484,
491 (see Dos): rights of succession
as between (apart from manus), 482,
559, 563, 566: wife's privileged hy-
potheca, 490, 492.
Hyperocha, 377, 378, 397.
Hypotheca, 375, 376 (cp. 62): privi-
leged, of fiscus, 376, 378, of wife, 490,
492, and of ward, 519.

I.

Ideal parts, meaning of, 323.
Immiscere, 531.

Impensae (Expenses). husband's re-
tainer of, 487, 490: rights of a pre-
cario habens in regard to, 355 note:
and cp. 397, 422, 427, 428.
Imperial legislation, 116 ff.
Imperium, as opposed to jurisdictio,
79 (3): enabled the praetor to work
out the formulary procedure (a 'judi-
cium imperio continens'), 255-7,
259, 261 is given free play in the
Extraordinary Procedure (q. v.),
306, 307.

Impetratio actionis, 316.
dominii, 377.
Implantatio, 342.

Impossibility of Performance, in
obligations, 456.

Imprudentia judicis, 439.
Impubes, has imperfect capacity of

action, 228, 229: has delictual capa-

city, 231: arrogatio of an, 499, 500,
507: cannot make a will, 567, nor
witness a will, 574 (9): tutela of an,
229, 510.

Inability to become heir, 592.
Inaedificatio, 342.

In bonis esse, see Bonitary owner-
ship.

Incapacity, technical meaning of,
593: of caelibes and orbi, 498, 592.
Incertae personae, examples

of,
197 ('), 577, 578, 582: rule as to
institution of, as heirs, 577.
Indignus, 593.

Infamia, meaning of, 191: mediata or
immediata, 192: effects of, 193 (and
cp. 497, 584, 586): edict on, 193,
104: particular instances where it
attached, 192, and see 64(1), 373
(actio fiduciae). 304 (missio in bona),
438 (actio de dolo), 497 (re-marriage
within a year), 519 (misconduct of
guardian).

Infans, has no capacity of action, 228,
nor delictual capacity, 231, but has
proprietary capacity, ibid. : guardian-
ship of an, 510.

Inference, Method of, in Jurispru-
dence, 32, 33.

In fraudem legis, what is a proceed-
ing, 31.
Ingenuus, 177.
Ingratitude, examples of legal effects
of, 223, 587.

Inheritance, the law of, 523 ff.: place
of the law of, in the legal system, 165:
assignment of an, 533 (3): sale of an,
602.

In integrum restitutio, 310-3: re-
stitutio minorum, 312: restitutio
majorum, 313: propter absentiam,
313 (edict on, 91): propter dolum,
221, 313: propter metum, 221, 313:
propter errorem, 313: in relief of
creditors against the civil law effects
of capitis deminutio minima, 189,
464, 500 (*).

In jure and in judicio, proceedings,
see Roman Civil Procedure.
In jure cessio, see Cessio, in jure.
Injuria, 437, 438: when a libertus
could sue his patron for, 177: and
see 284, 288.

In jus vocatio, 247(9): and see 272,277.
In libertate esse, 179.
Inn-keeper, 427, 440.

Innominate real contracts, 397-399,

424.

Inofficiosum testamentum, see Que-
rela inofficiosi testamenti.
Insinuatio, certain gifts require, 223,
431: mortis causa donationes do not
require, 607.

Institor, 446, 448.

Institutes, of Justinian, 16, 126: MSS.
of the, 21 of Gajus, see Gajus.

as a branch of legal study in
Germany, 9, 10, 14, 15.
Institution, of an heir in a will, 566,

57, 577, 578; who can and who
cannot be instituted, 567, 577 (cp.
592): effect of conditions annexed to
an, 577, 578: of postumi, 582: of
a slave, 533: dispositions preceding
the, void, 571: universal fideicom-
missum an informal, 604, 605.
Institutions, as juristic persons, 205 ff.
Insula nata, 342, 343.
Intentio, part of the formula, 271,
272, 276: in jus and in factum con-
cepta, 272: modification of the, in
an actio utilis, 273-5: how modified
in an Actio ficticia (q. v.), 273, 274:
its importance in the classification of
actions, 276: in personam and in
rem, 277, 278: certa and incerta,
280.
Intercessio, 404, 405: of women, 292,
405.
Intercession (Jus intercedendi) of
co-ordinate or superior magistrates,
79 (*), 240 (*): of the emperor,
88.
Interdictum, in the wider sense, 307:
what matters dealt with by, 307: in
the narrower sense, 308-10 (and see
77, 240): examples of interdicts,
310: used for the protection of servi
tudes, 368.

adipiscendae

552, 591.

368.

possessionis,

de aqua, de fonte, de itinere,

de liberis ducendis item ex-
hibendis, 479 (*), 503, 504.

de precario, 308, 354-6: form

of, 310.