applied for relief. Her chin was covered with a pretty thick growth of stout hairs.

The patient was under treatment about six months, during which time I removed no less than fifteen hundred hairs. In this case I frequently applied a current of twelve to fifteen cells, which I am now convinced was too strong. It not only gives unnecessary pain, but is liable to produce some destruction of the perifollicular tissues and leave small scars. About one-third of the hairs returned after the first operation. The sittings were repeated at intervals, about thirty operations being required to complete the cure.

CASE II. The second case was a married lady, brunette, 30 years of age. She had a truly formidable beard upon her chin. In addition, she had a very noticeable growth of hair upon her upper lip. The greater number of hairs were thick and black. These were removed with ease, few of them returning after the first operation. There was, however, quite a large number of long, fine, light-colored hairs, which gave considerable trouble on account of the difficulty of entering the follicle with the needle. This patient has been under treatment nearly two years, and during that time over three thousand hairs have been removed from her face. She still returns about once in every two months, for the purpose of having a few scattering hairs removed.

The destruction of the hairs under the chin in this case was especially difficult, on account of the tortuosity of the follicles, which rendered it almost impossible to reach the papilla with the point of the needle. The flexible needle of platinum and iridium rendered the process much easier, however, than it was at first, when I used a steel needle. The skin of this patient is exceedingly sensitive, and a current of eight cells is the extreme limit of strength which can be used with comfort.

CASE III.-This was a widow, blonde, aged 37. She had two small tufts of thick hairs growing on the chin. There were about fifty hairs, which were removed at one sitting. About fifteen returned, and were removed at a second sitting. Three months later she returned with five moderate-sized hairs, which were then destroyed. She has had no return of any growth for upwards of a year.

CASE IV.-A blonde, aged 20, who had a very profuse growth of fine, light-colored hair upon the chin and cheeks. The hairs were difficult to remove, and about thirty per cent. have returned. The patient has become discouraged, and discontinued the treatment, after the first series of sittings. About twelve hundred hairs were removed in this case.

CASE V.-A brunette, teacher, twenty-four years of age, referred to me by my friend, Dr. Charles F. Percivall. She had two very dark, pigmented nævi on the face, which were thickly covered with stout black hairs. The hairs were destroyed by electrolysis, and the nævi disappeared also, leaving a flexible, white, flat scar. There was no ulceration or suppuration following the operation, although the hairs were close together and all were removed at one sitting.

CASE VI. This patient was a drug clerk, aged 23, who had a number of short, thick, black hairs growing upon the nose. In six sittings he was freed from this unwelcome growth. There is no evidence whatever of any scar upon the smooth integument covering the nose. The openings of the sebaceous glands seem to be entirely normal. In this case the follicles were wide and perfectly straight, and, as a consequence, little difficulty was to be met in destroying the hairs. A few of them returned, which were destroyed at subsequent sittings. CASE VII.-A seamstress, brunette, 25 years of years. She had a pretty free growth of hair upon the chin, and a noticeable moustache. In this case, also, there were many of the long, fine, light hairs so troublesome to remove on account of the difficulty of getting the needle properly into the follicle. The patient is still under treatment, but the progress in her case is very encouraging, as only a small proportion of the hairs return.

Pigmented Nævi.-CASE VIII.-A medical student. aged 20, had several brown, elevated nævi upon the face. One about the size of a split pea, upon the upper lip, gave him considerable annoyance on account of the disfigurement it occasioned. The growth was transfixed by a fine steel needle (a jeweler's bristle), and the current from eight cells passed about a minute. The needle was then withdrawn, and inserted at right angles to the former puncture, and the current again passed. This pro

cedure was adopted with all the other growths upon his face. On the following day each spot operated on was covered by a dry, brownish scab, which fell off on the third day. Two months after the operation, the site of the nævi could scarcely be discovered. Absolutely no cicatrix was produced.

CASE IX. A young lady, teacher, light blonde, 19 years old. The patient had eight pigmented moles on the face, varying from one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch in diameter. Some of them were elevated, and others flat. Electrolysis, as in the last case, was perfectly successful in causing the disappearance of the blemishes after three sittings. No scars remain.

CASE X.-Mother of the preceding patient. She is 40 years of age, complexion dark. She had a prominent brownish mole at the tip of the nose, and two small patches of xanthoma on the upper eyelids. Electrolysis was used on all the growths. The mole disappeared after the first operation. In the xanthomatous growths the operation was repeated at the end of three weeks, with complete success. The patient exhibits no evidence of disease of the liver or other internal organ.

CASE XI. This was also a case of small pigmented nævi upon the face of a young man, 21 years of age. One sitting resulted in the permanent removal of the blemishes.

Papillary and Epithelial New Formations.-CASE XII.-A young man, aged 23, with gonorrheal warts situated on the corona glandis and on the mucus surface of the prepuce. They had been previously cut off with scissors, but had returned. Cauterization with nitric acid was proposed to him, but declined on account of the pain involved. Electrolysis was entirely effective in removing them in two sittings. The growths have not returned.

CASE XIII.-A professional friend, aged 50, with a branching, rapidly-growing wart on the upper lip. It was frequently irritated in shaving. Contemplating the possibility of the growth becoming malignant if subjected to constant irritation, he applied to me to have it removed. By means of electrolysis, the growth being transfixed by the needle in several directions, it was entirely destroyed in two sittings. No scar was left to mark the site of the growth. The pain was slight.

CASE XIV. A man, aged 36, with a hard, flat wart upon the forefinger. It was removed by the same procedure, passing the needle through the skin under the growth. No ulceration or scar was produced.

Sebaceous Cysts.-CASE XV.—A medical man, aged 38, with an enlarged sebaceous follicle on the nose, which frequently became as large as a small pea. Two sittings, during which the needle was inserted into the gland-duct, as well as passed through the base of the little tumor in several directions, resulted in its total disappearance.

Dr. Hardaway speaks highly of this method in the treatment of the small retention-cysts called milium. It promises to be a valuable substitute for excision in the case of small wens, especially about the face. CASE XVI.

An aggravated case of acne rosacea in a man, 36 years of age. The usual treatment was followed for the acne and the diffused redness of the skin. Visible vessels were pierced with the electrolytic needle and so obliterated. The patient, after obliteration of all the enlarged vessels, returned to his home in Nebraska much improved. In a letter recently received he asserts continual progress towards recovery.

CASE XVII.-A case of simple rosacea in a man aged 38 years. The enlarged veins were pierced in a number of places with the needle, and a current of six cells passed for two minutes. In most cases a single operation resulted in the obliteration of the veins. In some a second or even a third operation was necessary before the result could be pronouned a success.

Ingrowing Eyelashes.—I have had one case of this annoying trouble, in which the mal-directed hairs were destroyed by means of the electrolytic needle. In order to diminish the pain produced by the operation, I used a five-per-cent. solution of cocaine with success. I have on several occasions used the cocaine on the skin when removing the hairs from an especially sensitive area, such as the cheek and angle of the jaw, but without producing any noticeable reduction of the sensibility.

Vascular Nævi.-In the only case in which I had opportunity to try it, the success was only moderately good. Where these nævi are small, and especially in young children, careful ex

cision, followed by a plastic operation, promises excellent results. In adults, however, electrolysis deserves a patient trial in the treatment of this deformity.

The above constitutes my experience with this method, which I believe is destined to prove its usefulness in a great many affections, of minor importance, perhaps, so far as their effect on the duration of life is concerned, but which nevertheless are very annoying to those who are afflicted with them. To many

women the removal of a beard or other disfiguring blemish is of as much importance as the cure of a pneumonia or a chronic internal disease which may tend to shorten life.-Rohe in Phila. Med. Times.

The Treatment of Typhoid Fever.

The following include the main points in the treatment of typhoid fever recommended by Dr. J. M. Da Costa (College and Clinical Record, August 1, 1885):

1. HYGIENIC.-Place the patient in a large, well-ventilated room, so that he may get plenty of fresh air. Allow but one person (nurse) with him. Keep friends away. Enjoin cleanliKeep patient washed twice daily with vinegar and water, or a solution of permanganate of potassium. Disinfect the dejections with carbolic acid or chloride of zinc, etc.

ness.

Nourishment.-There are times when the patient is weakest, as in the early morning; this is the case in all low fevers. Nourish him every two hours with beef or mutton broths, alternating with milk. Other broths, as chicken, etc., may be used. If the patient craves for more solid food, allow him at the midday meal a little arrow-root boiled in milk, or a soft-boiled egg. Excepting these, allow no form of solid ailment until convalescence is completely established, and even then be careful. Be sure to feed the patient between 4 A. M. and 5 A. M.; even wake him at this time to feed him. Allow a liberal supply of water, or toast water, ginger-syrup and water, or claret and water. It will keep the kidneys washed out.

2. MEDICAL TREATMENT.-Different plans have been instituted:

1. Quinine, which has been justly abandoned.