of the influence that he exerted was against all that was alien and foreign and superficial in the way the people ought to run the Government, which was a Government of the people.

"What simplicity, what courage, what resolution. The most attractive, the most picturesque figure in American history, with the exception perhaps of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.

"Jackson had the iron will that is ascribed to the lion among beasts and the warrior among men. He belonged to the brand

of Norman Williams and of Oliver Cromwell.

"His resolution, his personal courage, were wonderful, and as a leader he exhibited that power of which John Stewart Mills speaks when he says that one man with conviction is worth ninety-nine who have only interests.

"Jackson believed deeply. He had great convictions and great courage. He believed in the American Government and he believed in the American people with whom the Government rested, and he believed profoundly in Andrew Jackson. His enemies talked about Jackson's vulgarity, but in the same breath they admitted that his manners were those of a prince.

"He had his faults. He was human. He was very human in his judgment of those who were opposed to him. He was not always fair to his enemies. He was sensitive to a fault. He was not majestic like Washington. But he believed deeply. He fought tremendously. He knew no fear, and if passionate, disinterested devotion to his country makes a man a patriot, he was a patriot.

"There are some lessons, it seems to me, that we might take home just at this time. Of course, we know what Jackson felt about Americanism. He was an American. He, I suppose, did not object to a man criticising particular actions or particular resolutions of policies of Government, but a man that attacks the Government itself, a man that derides the Government, is a traitor not only to the Government but to the people of the United States.

"Jackson was the first aggressive champion of that kind of Government which Mr. Lincoln described in his immortal phrase: "The Government of the people, for the people and by the people."

"But at the same time, when he believed that the people needed direction, he didn't hesitate to take a stand against the popular view, and he illustrated that truth that some of the best friends democracy ever had are the men that had the courage and the wisdom to save the people from themselves. He snapped his fingers at popular clamor and he did what he believed was the right thing to do, and what the welfare of the country demanded in the face of the derision of his enemies, and sometimes the objection of his friends, and the people honored him and followed him as an honest man.

"He discovered the American people, but he maintained that the security of the Republic was an intelligent people, and a people that were interested in Government, so here I say if everybody has a hobby, my hobby is education. I believe that nine-tenths of our trouble in the country would be solved if we had proper kind of compulsory education.

"I would like to have a schoolhouse for every one hundred children open ten months in the year over this land, and every child compelled to go to school, and our schools should be nurseries of patriotism.

"As the great Frenchman says, the real factor, the conservative and progressive factor in all civilization, is the belief in God.

"Now I say that the American people in the last two years have vindicated and justified Jackson's confidence in them, and here I want to pay a tribute to those thousands of men and women poorly paid, receiving a crown or recognition from no one, the poorest paid profession in the world, the thousands of men and women who have been teaching our schools from California to Maine, and the thousands of men who have been preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ, to whom I believe we owe the fact that when the great trial came to us two years ago, that in the crisis, the American people were found to have an intelligence that could grasp the principles of the war, and had the moral allowing to go forth to make sacrifices and win the war.

"I believe in the American people. I am not talking about a group of people who live here in New York City, four-fifths of them foreigners. I am talking about the American people, the hundred millions of American people through this land. Their hearts are sound. They, are patriots, they are Americans and American citizenship has never risen to so high a level as it has in the past two years, and I am not afraid if there be a disquiet and unrest throughout the country. Well, as Burke once said, 'You know half a dozen grasshoppers in an open field will make more noise than a whole herd of grazing shorthorns.' I tell you it is a sign of progress, it is a sign of life. The only hopeless condition of any people is that torpid, complacent, self-satisfaction, with the condition of things as they are. What we want is to be well disquieted if you please. We want to be unsatisfied, dissatisfied with the conditions, as that means progress, that means a hope for the future, that means the great achievement that will come to us as Americans.

"So I believe in the American people, and I say that in all the great crises in this country they have always exerted themselves and proven themselves to be worthy of the trust we have imposed in them."

TONS

CHAPTER 29.

Andrew Jackson-Fort Mims, Talluschatches, Talladega, Emuckfau, Enotochopco-Col. John Williams, The 39th Regulars and the Battle of Horseshoe Bend-Celebration of the Battle, March 27, 1914.

men.

Andrew Jackson owes to the Indian Chief Tecumseh the opportunity to convince the people of Tennessee and the federal administration at Washington, that he was possessed of the military ability sufficient to justify the claim of his friends that he had in him the elements of a great commander, and that he would so develop if put in command of troops and placed in front of an enemy. Tecumseh was one of those Indian chiefs who approached being a great man. Among the thousands of Indians in America, there were only a very few who stood out clearly above the general average of redmen. Tecumseh was a born leader and never looked upon the white man with a friendly eye; he felt and claimed that his race had been robbed. By birth he was a Shawnee, his physical proportions were fine, and he was an orator who could sway his hearers; he knew how to depict the wrongs of the redHe conceived the idea of uniting all the Indian tribes and ejecting the white man from the land. This was his own conception, and had no connection with the war of 1812. He went up and down the land among the tribes preaching war on the whites, injected the element of religion into his campaign, and worked the Indians up to a religious frenzy; and the result of his machinations was one of the most horrible massacres in all history, that at Fort Mims, in Southern Alabama, on August 30, 1813. In the fort were five hundred and fifty-three men, women and children, of whom four hundred met then and there a bloody, horrible death. The drum sounded within the fort for dinner on that 30th of August, 1813, and, suspecting no danger, the gates were opened, and at the sound of the drum the Indians rushed within the enclosure. It was a one-sided fight, a bloody Indian massacre. At sundown corpses, mangled and scalped, were