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STEAM MARINE OF THE UNITED STATES.

At the last session of Congress the Senate, by resolution, directed the Secretary of tho Treasury to collect and report statistics, exhibiting officially the external and internal steam marine of the United States. The aggregate results far exceed in magnitude and importance the most extravagant estimates and anticipations. These reliable facts and statistics were recently reported to the Senate by the Secretary o the Treasury. We take the subjoined statement from the report.

The steam marine of the United States on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and the Gulf of Mexico, is as follows:

From Passamaquoddy bay to Cape Sable there are 46 ocean steamers; 274 ordinary steamers; 65 propellers, and 80 ferry boats. Tonnage 154,270 tons. High pressure steamers 116; low pressure 342. Number of officers and crew 6,348. Passengers annually 33,114,782. Average miles traveled 8,118,989. These statistics refer to the year ending July 1, 1851.

The steam marine on the Gulf of Mexico, from Cape Sable to the Rio Grande, consists of 12 ocean steamers; 95 ordinary steamers; 2 propellers. Tonnage 23,244, High pressure 97; low pressure 10. Number of officers and crew 3,473. Passengers · during the year 148,700. Number of miles traveled 1,360,380.

The steam marine on the Pacific coast consists of 37 ocean steamers; 13 ordinary steamers. Tonnage 37,986. High pressure 3; low pressure 47. Officers and crew 1,949. Average miles traveled 79,209.

The aggregates of the external steam marine are :—

Ocean steamers 96; ordinary steamers 382; propellers 67; ferry boats 80; total 625. Total tonnage 212,500. High pressure 213; low pressure 412. Officers and crew 11,770. Annual passengers 33,342,846. Of the annual passengers 24,009,550 were by ferry boats.

The shipwrecks in the United States on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and Gulf of Mexico, during the year ending July 1, 1851, were 50 ships; 59 brigs; 190 schooners; 9 sloops and 20 steamers. Total 320, of which 278 were by tempest, 14 by fire, 15 by collisions, 19 by snags and 2 by explosion. The number of lives lost was 318. The "human movement" by steamboat, on the principal tide water lines was as

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In 26 districts on the Atlantic coast, there were 160 vessels lost, valued at $1,559,171, and on which insurance was paid to the amount of $968,350.

In New York the marine insurance paid was..

In Philadelphia...

In Boston......

$3,520,161 906,616

504,865

The total marine (not inland) insurance paid during the year is estimated at $6,227,000.

The inland steam marine of the United States comprises three grand divisions-the Northern Frontier, the Ohio Basin, and the Mississippi Valley.

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Of the passengers 2,481,915 were by ferry boats, and in additon to the above there were 1,325,911 passengers by railroads, 86,000 by canals, and 27,872 by stages on the Northern Frontier line of travel, and 265,936 railroad and 28,773 stage passengers on the Ohio Basin line.

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The resident population of these four cities is but 217,966.
The travel to and from Buffalo "comes and goes" as follows:-

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466,856

367,795

622,423

199,883

1,656,957

157,257

14,300

26,280

262,386

119,200

43,000

Erie Canal..

Total...

622,423

St. Louis has 131 steamers; New Orleans 109; Detroit 47; Buffalo 42; Pittsburgh 12. During eight years ending July 1, 1851, the tonnage in the Buffalo districts has increased 19,217 tons; in Presque Isle 2,777; Cuyahoga 4,563, and in Detroit 14,416. The steamboat tonnage on the upper lakes has more than quadrupled in eight years, and on the Mississippi valley it has doubled in nine years.

The steamboat disasters on the Mississippi and tributaries since the introduction of steam, to the year 1848, are by collision 45; fire 104; snags 469; total 618. The original cost of the boats £9,899,748; deficiency in value $5,186,757; final losses $4,719,991. The loss in 1849 is stated at $2,000,000.

Losses on the lakes and rivers during the year ending July 1, 1851, by tempest 35; fire 30; collision 18; snags 32. Persons lost on the lakes 67, and on the rivers 628; total 695.

The average tonnage of lake Mississippi valley 273.

steamers is 437 tons; of the Ohio basin 206; of the

Of the 558 ordinary steamers on the rivers, 317 are enrolled in the districts of the Ohio basin, and 241 in those of the Mississippi valley.

Of the 147 ordinary steamers and propellers on the lakes, 31 are enrolled on the lakes Champlain and Ontario and the St. Lawrence, 66 on lake Erie, and 60 at Detroit and the lakes above.

Of the 164 steam vessels on the lakes, 105 are ordinary steamers, 52 are propellers, and 43 are ferry boats.

Of the 601 steam vessels on the rivers, 558 are ordinary, and 43 are ferry-boats. With but two very slight exceptions, there is an uninterrupted line of steam navigation from the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to those of the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 28,000 miles, and upon which is employed, for the purpose of trade and travel, a steam tonnage of 69,166 tons. The Ohio basin forms, in itself, a cross section of about 1,100 miles in length.

The steam marine of Great Britain and her dependencies, is stated to consist of 1,184 boats with 142,080 tonnage; while the inland steam marine of the United States consists of 766 boats, with a tonnage of 204,723 tons-showing that, exclusive of the steam tonnage of the Atlantic and Pacific seaboard and the gulf coast, the inland steam tonnage exceeds that of Great Britain and her dependencies by 62,643 tons.

LIGHT LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ON RAILWAYS.

On the 3d of August, 1851, says the Bury Post, an engine called the Little England was forwarded to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, under a guaranty that she was to work their express trains between Edinburgh and Glasgow, consisting of seven carriages, to keep good time as per time bill, and not to consume more than ten lbs. of coke per mile: if she did that to the satisfaction of Adie, the company's engineer, they should purchase her for £1,200. Mr. Adie placed one of the best engines belonging to the company, called the Sirius, to run from the opposite end, at the same hours, and with a similar train, in order to compare the one with the other. They worked well, the Sirius starting the morning trip from Edinburgh, and the Little England from Glasgow. They then changed; and the Sirius started from Glasgow and the

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Little England from Edinburgh, thus making fair division of the work, and the result proved that the small engine kept better time than the larger one. Her consump tion of coke was 81b. 8 oz. per mile, while that of the Sirius was 291bs. 1 oz. per mile. The Little England would frequently run a mile in sixty seconds, and sometimes less. She started with less slipping, and could be brought to a stand in much less distance than the larger engine. She is now running the express trains between Edinburgh and Glasgow, consisting of five carriages, with a consumption of only 64lbs. of coke per mile. During the heavy gales and bad weather which prevailed in the early part of January she was the only engine upon the line which kept time.

JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES.

WAGES OF LABOR IN FACTORIES.

The following table of wages is taken from the census of the United States; it distinguishes those paid to females and males, and the difference between those of one State and another. We do not vouch for its veritableness, even although it is a “Census Report."

States, &c.

Alabama.

Arkansas.

Columbia Dist. of...

Connecticut.

Wrought Cotton Factories.

Woolen Factories. Male. Female. $.

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Delaware...

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WEST NEWTON SILK RIBBON MANUFACTORY.

About a year ago, the manufactures of silk ribbons was commenced in West Newton, (Mass.) four power looms were put in operation with foot power. The average number of pieces of ribbon woven at the same time, on each loom, are twelve, which have proved successful. Six more looms have been added to operate with steam power. The ribbons which have been made, have proved, for color and beauty, equal to any which are imported.

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Total

$14,495,220 251,491 33,344 78,787 538,068 14,510,828 $9,698,109 13,178 79

278,044 $458,300 $16,747,074

MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES.

The following tabular statement of the number of manufacturing establishments in operation in 1850, derived from the census of that year, probably falls far short of the actual number:

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COTTON-FACTS IN ITS HISTORY AND MANUFACTURE.

The following statistical facts in the history of Cotton, will no doubt prove new to the most of our readers, and instructive to all. As facts for future reference, they are invaluable:

Up to the begining of the eighteenth century, the small amount of cotton imported into England was from Cyprus and Smryna.

The annual average importation into England, the five years inclusive from 1700 to 1705 amounted to 1,171,000 pounds.

In 1780, Mr. Wyatt first spun yarn cotton by machinery.

In 1733, on the 25th November, the trustees for the settlement of Georgia, were presented with a paper of cotton seed by Mr. Phillip Miller, of Chelsea, England, which reached Georgia in March, 1734.

In 1735, the first cotton was sent to Holland by the Dutch colony of Surinam, in South America.

In 1741, raw cotton imports into England amounted to 1,900,000 pounds.

In 1742, at Birmingham, England, the first cotton spinning mill was built; its motive power was mules or horses.

In 1760, only £200,000 was the entire value of manufactured cotton goods in Eng

land.

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