TABLE OF THE AREA, AND THE NUMBER OF INHABITANTS TO THE SQUARE MILE OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY OF THE UNION. New Jersey.. Maryland.. State. square Population to the 46,000 2,311,786 43.64 Wisconsin. .... 26.07 square Population to the miles. in 1859. sq. mile. 87,680 982,405 45,600 1,002,625 21.98 67,380 682,043 10.12 52,198 209,639 4.01 39,964 1,980,408 49.55 33,809 988,416 29.23 55,405 851,470 15.36 56,243 397,654 7.07 50,914 192,214 3.77 53,924 305,191 2,120 91,535 9,356 583,035 62.31 California..... 188,981 61,352 1,421,661 23.17 Minnesota..... 83,000 North Carolina.. 45,000 868,903 19.30 Oregon........ 341,463 Virginia.... ..... Georgia.... Alabama... Mississippi.. Louisiana.. 5.65 .... 6,077 00.07 13,293 00.03 61,505 00.28 South Carolina.. 24,500 668,507 27.28 New Mexico... 210,744 Texas... Florida. From the location, climate, productions, and the habits and pursuits of their inhabitants, the States of the Union may be properly arranged in the following groups:— There are points of agreement in the general characteristics of the States combined in the above groups, which warrant the mode of arrangement adopted. Maryland is classed as heretofore, with the Middle States, because its leading interest appears to connect it, rather with the commercial and manufacturing section, to which it is here assigned, than with the purely agricultural States. Ohio is placed in the same connection, for nearly similar reasons. There seems to be a marked propriety for setting off the new agricultural States of the northwest by themselves, as a preliminary to the comparison of their progress with other portions of the Union. The occupations which give employment to the people of the central range of States, south of the line of the Potomac, distinguish them to some extent from that division to which we have given the appellation of coast planting Staies. In the latter, cottons, sugar, and rice are the great staples, the cultivation of which is so absorbing as to stamp its impress on the character of the people. The industry of the Central States is more diversified, the surface of the country is more broken, the modes of cultivation are different, and the minuter divisions of labor, create more numerous and less accordant interests. So far as Texas is settled, its population closely assimilates with that of the other coast planting States; but it would obviously convey no well founded idea of the density of population in that section, to distribute their people over the vast uninhabited region of Texas. For the same reason, and the additional one of the insolation of her position, California is considered distinct from other States. Taking the thirty-one States together, their area is 1,485,870 square miles, and the average number of their inhabitants is 15.48 to the square mile. The total area of the United States is 3,220,000 square miles, and the average density of population is 7.219 to the square mile. The areas assigned to those States and Territories in which public lands are situated are doubtless correct, being taken from the records of the land office; but, as to those attributed to the older States, the same means of verifying their accuracy, or the want of it, do not exist. But care has been taken to consult the best local authorities for ascertaining the extent of surface in those States, and as the figures adopted are found to agree with or differ but slightly from those assumed to be correct at the General Land Office, it is probable they do not vary essentially from the exact truth. The area of some of the States-as Maryland and Virginia-are stated considerably below the commonly assumed extent of their territory, which may be accounted for on the supposition that the portions of the surface, within their exterior limits, covered by large bodies of water, have been subtracted from the aggregate amount. This is known to be the case in regard to Maryland, the superficial extent of which, within the outlines of its boundaries, is 13,959 square miles, and is deemed probable with reference to Virginia, from the fact that many geographers have given its total area as high as 66,000 square miles. It appears from the returns that during the year ending on the 1st June, 1850, there escaped from their owners, one thousand and eleven slaves, and that, during the same period, fourteen hundred and sixty-seven were manumitted. The number of both classes will appear in the following table: In connection with this statement, and as effecting the natural increase of the free colored population of the United States, it may be proper to remark, that during the year to which the census applies, the Colonization Society sent 562 colored emigrants to Liberia. In our calculations respecting the increase of the free colored population, we have considered that class of persons independent of these two causes, which respectively swell and diminish their number. The statistics of mortality for the census year represent the number of deaths occurring within the year as 320,194, the ratio being as 1 to 726 of the living population, or as 10 to cach 726 of the population. The rate of mortality in this statement seems so much less than that of any portion of Europe, that it must at present be received with some degree of allowance. Should a more critical examination, which time will enable us to exercise, prove the returns of the number of deaths too small, such a result will not affect their value for the purposes of comparison of one portion of the country with another, or cause with effect. The tables will possess an interest second to none others in the work, and the many valuable truths which they will suggest, will be found of great practical advantage. Medical men will accord to the Census Board no small meed of credit, for the wisdom manifested in an arrangement which will throw more light on the history of disease in the United States, and present in connection more interesting facts connec ted therewith than the united efforts of all scientific men have heretofore accomplished. STATEMENT OF THE POPULATION IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY, DECENNIALLY, COMMENCING 1790 TO 1850, INCLUSIVE. 228,705 NEW ENGLAND STATES. Ratio of in New Hampshire 141,899 183,762 29.5 214,360 16.6 244,161 13.9 269,328 103 284,574 5.6 317,964 11.63 Vermont. 85,416 154,465 80.8 217,713 41.0 235,764 8.2 280,652 19.0 291,948 4.0 814,120 7.59 Massachusetts 378,717 423,245 11.7 472,040 11.5 523,287 10.9 610,408 16.6 737,699 994,499 20.8 34.81 Rhode Island... 69,110 69,122 ... 77,031 11.4 83,059 7.8 97,199 17.0 108,830 11.9 147,544 35.57 238,141. 251,002 5.4 262,042 4.8 275,202 5.0 297,695 8.1 809,978 4.1 370,791 19.61 1,009,823 1,238,815 22.1 1,471,891 19.3 1,659,808 12.8 1,954,717 17.7 2,234,822 14.3 2,728,106 22.07 MIDDLE STATES. 959,049 72.5 586,756 15.9 277,575 211,949 15.1 245,555 184,139 34.4 1,049,458 602,365 38.6 810,091 434,373 958,632 1,401,070 46.15 2,014,695 43.79 2,699,845 63.4 1,372,812 43.1 1,918,608 39.7 2,428,921 26.6 3,097,394 27.52 18.0 320,823 15.5 373,306 16.3 489,555 31.14 29.5 1,348,238 1,724,033 28.5 27.9 2,811,786 34.09 34.0 3,587,664 32.88 4,526,260 26.16 5,898,735 30.32 STATEMENT OF THE POPULATION IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY, &c.-CONTINUED. STATEMENT SHOWING THE DECENNIAL INCREASE OF EACH CLASS OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES. SECTARIANISM IN BUSINESS. It seems that the editor of the Advocate, published at Memphis, Tennessee, a journal with which we do not exchange, has been recommending his religious brethren to trade only with church members. Now, if that part of mankind were the exclusively honest and upright dealers in “goods, wares and merchandise," there would be some propriety in the advice of the editor of the Advocate; but a large majority of sensible people have, ere this, discovered that the profession of religion, even that deemed the most orthodox, does not always keep men, in mercantile transactions, free from the trickeries, and petty dishonesties of trade. Phrenologists tell us that some men have large veneration and marvelousness, with very small conscientiousness and firmness. Such men may be very religious, and yet not very nice in their discrimination between the right and the wrong in trade. But it was not our purpose to discuss the subject, but merely to copy the common-sense remarks of the Memphis Express upon the narrow and sectarian views of a cotemporary. HARMONY NECESSARY TO THE BUSINESS SUCCESS OF A COMMUNITY. "Our neighbor of the Advocate furnishes us with elaborate disquisitions in its last number upon matters and things in general and trade in particular-the horizon of its views in the latter being within the rather limited area of a church membership. We do not design to argue this topic further. We have said all that we thought necessary in condemnation of a principle which we consider anti-American, as its practice would be ruinous to general prosperity. We are content to leave the question among practical business men. They can determine the effect upon commercial prosperity, of the splitting of the community into a thousand little fragments, and precluding business intercourse between all persons, not belonging to the same religious body. There would indeed be an end of enterprise ! The arena of industry and energy would be so narrowed down that both would be hopelessly crippled. Traffic would be stagnated, large establishments would cease to flourish, for they would not be required to supply such limited circles of customers, confidence and co-operation would cease, and a universal decrepitude fall upon all departments of industrial pursuits. Cannot any one see that such would be the inevitable result of the general acceptance of these recommendations of the Advocate? Could a more tremendous or crushing blow be leveled against the prosperity of this young and rising city of Memphis, than to paralyze its industry, its enterprise and its capital, by depriving their possessors of all sphere for the action of these qualities, save within the limits of the churches to which the individuals respectively_belonged? Away with it! To prosper we must harmonize, must be united, must direct our exertions to the attainment of the general welfare. To do this, honesty, industry, enterprise and intelligence, must be the criterions of success. Change this criterion to that suggested by Mr. Chapman and the Advocate, and you invert social order, fill the avennes of business with selfish hypocrites, and deprive merit of its just reward and rights. It does seem to us that one with half an eye can see that these results must ensue if such a course as that we are condemning is persevered in. If it be necessary, as the Advocate and Mr. Chapman assert, that church members should deal only with their fellow members, their frequent association, consequent on their duties as members of the same church, would sufficiently lead to that result. The natural tendency would be that they would from choice deal with each other. Where then is the use of quickening this proclivity into a morbid and injurious activity, by such recommendations as those of Mr. Chapman and the Advocate? Counseling them to do that from a principle of selfish clannishness, which they were already disposed to do from the natural force of circumstances, but which they would not have carried into a spirit of exclusiveness. We regard the course of Mr. Chapman and the Advocate as most unfortunate. If it is acted upon, no extended business could be carried on in Memphis, for such busines |