A practical grammar of the Latin tongue

*Sing. reg-erem,

reg-eres, reg-eret, Plur. reg-erémus, reg-erétis, reg-erent,

Sing. rex-erim, rex-eris, rex-erit, Plur. rex-erimus, rex-eritis, rex-erint,

Sing. rex-íssem, rex-ísses, rex-ísset,

Plur. rex-issémus, rex-issétis, rex-issent,

Sing. rex-ero, rex-eris, rex-erit,

Plur. rex-erímus,

rex-erítis,

rex-erint,

2. Imperfect Tense.

I might, or could rule
thou might'st, or could'st rule
he might, or could rule
we might, or could rule
ye might, or could rule
they might, or could rule.

3. Perfect Tense.

I should have ruled
thou should'st have ruled
he should have ruled
we should have ruled
ye should have ruled
they should have ruled.

4. Pluperfect Tense.

I would have ruled

thou would'st have ruled
he would have ruled

we would have ruled
ye would have ruled
they would have ruled.

5. Future Tense.

I shall have ruled
thou shalt have ruled
he shall have ruled
we shall have ruled
ye shall have ruled

they shall have ruled.

Sing. aud-io, aud-is, aud-it, Plur. aud-ímus, aud-ítis, aud-iunt,

Sing. audié-bam, audié-bas, audié-bat, Plur. audie-bámus, audie-bátis, audié-bant,

Sing. audiv-i,

audiv-isti,

audiv-it,

Plur. audiv-imus,

audiv-ístis,

I hear, am hearing, or do hear
thou hearest, art hearing, or dost hear
he heareth, is hearing, or doth hear
we hear, are hearing, or do hear
ye hear, are hearing, or do hear
they hear, are hearing, or do hear.

2. Imperfect Tense.

I did hear, or was hearing
thou didst hear, or wast hearing
he did hear, or was hearing
we did hear, or were hearing
ye did hear, or were hearing
they did hear, or were hearing.

3. Perfect Tense.

I heard, or have heard
thou heard'st, or hast heard
he heard, or hath heard
we heard, or have heard

ye heard, or have heard

audiv-érunt, v. -ére, they heard, or have heard.

4. Pluperfect Tense.

I had heard

Sing. audiv-eram, audiv-eras, audiv-erat, Plur. audiv-erámus, audiv-erátis, audiv-erant,

thou hadst heard
he had heard
we had heard
ye had heard

they had heard.

Sing. audi-am, audi-es, audi-et,

Plur. audi-émus, audi-étis, audi-ent,

Sing. aud-i, aud-íto, aud-iat, aud-íto,

Plur. aud-iámus,

5. Future Tense.

I shall, or will hear thou shalt, or wilt hear he shall, or will hear we shall, or will hear ye shall, or will hear they shall, or will hear.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

No first Person.

aud-íte, aud-itóte, aud-iant, aud-iúnto,

Sing. audi-am,

audi-as, audi-at,

Plur. audi-ámus, audi-átis,

audi-ant,

Sing. audí-rem,

audí-res,

audí-ret,

Plur. audi-rémus, audi-rétis,

audí-rent,

Sing. audiv-erim,

audiv-eris,

audiv-erit,

Plur. audiv-erimus, audiv-eritis,

audiv-erint,

Sing. audiv-íssem, audiv-ísses, audiv-ísset, Plur. audiv-issémus, audiv-issétis, audiv-íssent,

hear thou, or do thou hear
hear he, or let him hear

hear we, or let us hear

hear ye, or do ye hear

hear they, or let them hear.

POTENTIAL MOOD.

1. Present Tense.

I may, or can hear

thou may'st, or canst hear
he may, or can hear
we may, or can hear
ye may, or can hear
they may, or can hear.

2. Imperfect Tense.

I might, or could hear
thou might'st, or could'st hear
he might, or could hear
we might, or could hear
ye might, or could hear
they might, or could hear.

3. Perfect Tense.

款

I should have heard

thou should'st have heard
he should have heard
we should have heard
ye should have heard
they should have heard.

4. Pluperfect Tense.

I would have heard
thou wouldst have heard
he would have heard
we would have heard
ye would have heard
they would have heard.

Formation of the several parts (not radical) of Active Verbs. From the perfect indicative are formed the pluperfect indicative, amaveram; perfect, pluperfect, and future potential, amaverim, amavissem, amavero; and perfect infinitive, amavisse. From the present indicative are formed the imperfect and future indicative, amabam, amabo; the imperative mood; present and imperfect potential, amem, amarem; present infinitive, amare; and present participle, amans.

From the first supine in um are formed the second supine, amatu; future participle (in rus), amaturus; and perfect or past participle, amatus.

Note.-The mode of transition from the radical to the derived part in each conjugation may be easily seen by inspection.

The Latin esse serves the same purpose as the English verb to be, by uniting with the past participle to form several tenses of the passive voice; its inflection, therefore, is necessarily learned before that of the passive verb.

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