blessing. No doubt our good bishop was much grieved with these divisions; but could he have foreseen, that this broken and imperfect society was to give birth to two great and lasting foundations, and that two colleges were to be built upon one, he would have had much joy in his 5 disappointment.

In his time or Hugh Norwold's (for it was done with the consent of Hugh bishop of Ely) William Twylet founded a chantry in St Mary's chapel, in St Sepulchre's church, the duty whereof was to be discharged 10 by a brother of St John's, for the which he gave lands to the house in the town and fields of Cambridge: the charter being without date was probably given in Hugh Norwold's time; for most of the grants or charters under Hugh Balsham are dated, whereas the older charters are 15 often without date. Wherever we place it, St Sepulchre's was then a parish church, and this falling in the period of time before the Jews were banished Cambridge (for in a transcript of a grant to William Twylet from the hospital there is mention of a house then in possession of 20 a Jew, and about the same time there is an original1 concerning the sale of a house in that parish belonging to Molley a Jew) gives good ground to believe that it was not a Jewish synagogue, as Dr. Caius and others have supposed it to have been. The Jews were banished Eng- 25 land, as well as Cambridge, after Hugh Balsham's death, in the eighteenth of Edward the First; in the nineteenth of his reign we find him disposing of some of their houses in the Jewry in Cambridge to Roger Maniaunt and others. But it is certain from an inquisition2 taken in the third 30 year of this king's reign, that St Sepulchre's in the Jewry was then a church belonging to the prior and convent of Bernwell in proprios usus: and yet higher, in the last year of Henry the Third, there is an original' grant of a house in St Sepulchre's parish to Galfridus de 35 Alderhethe perpetual vicar of St Sepulchre's church; so that it was then a vicarage, and was no doubt a parsonage many years. before, and in the oldest accounts that I have met with it is always a church.

1 Inter archiva coll.

2 In Tur. Lond.

3 Inter archiva.

There is no doubt, the Jews were very numerous in that part of the town of Cambridge; we often meet with St Sepulchre's and St John's hospital in the Jewry; nay the Jewry reached yet further, for in our old deeds we 5 meet with All Saints' church in the Jewry, as opposed to All Saints' near the castle: in an old taxation' of the several churches in the diocese of Ely, made by the bishops of Winton and Lincoln by the authority (as is there said) of Nicholas the Fourth an. 1291, the year after the Jews 10 were banished, we both meet with St Sepulchre's and with All Saints' in Judaismo. And therefore it is very probable they had a synagogue, and from all the marks of antiquity and religion yet remaining, I am apt to suspect the stone hostel near adjoining was the place. In all 15 appearance it must have been a place either of learning or religion, it was no seat of learning to us (though it has borne the name of Bede's house, who never3 came south of Humber) having formerly belonged to one Joceus a Jew, for so he is styled in an original grant of Roger 20 Maniaunt; afterwards it came to the priory of Bernwell, and now belongs to St John's college: and possibly the canons of Bernwell, as they were patrons of the church, so might have an ambition to be masters of the synagogue.

25

What then shall we say to this church? I suppose it was built pretty early, in the age of the crusades, in honour and memory of the holy sepulchre, when devotion ran much that way, and probably the Templars were the builders thereof. For that they had a temple at Cam30 bridge we are well assured from very good authority", which unless it were here, I do not know where to find it. And whoever looks upon the temple of the sepulchre at Jerusalem, or rather that part of it, that is styled the temple of the Resurrection, or the Rotunda at Jerusalem,

1 Regrum Elien.

2 At the corner of the street, since demolished and rebuilt with brick.

3 V. Bed. Hist. Eccl. p. 492. Edit. Cant. V. Bedæ Vit. ibid.

4 Stow's Survey, [ed. 1633]. p. 439. In a writ of Hen. 3d an. reg. VII".

pro contributione taxanda in villa Cantebr. mention is made of domus Templi, and the money collected is ordered to be deposited in that house. In Turri Lond. an. 7° Hen. 3.

Sandys' Travels, [ed. 1670]. p. 128, 9. The form of this church [viz.

will have so full and clear an idea of the Round church at Cambridge (and the Temple church' at London is or was of the same figure) as easily to imagine, the model of this church might be brought from thence. Though the shape and figure of this church might be otherwise accounted 5 for from its situation, which is so confined, that there is almost a necessity of having it round, there being hardly room left to stretch it out in length. But if the Templars were founders, being canons regular by their institution, they might part with their interest in it to the canons of 10 Bernwell, being of near affinity, and all this possibly, as well the founding as disposing, with some regard to the conversion or humiliation of the neighbouring Jews.

To return to our learned bishop; as he was a benefactor to the college and house, so he likewise was to the uni- 15 versity, as well by his good offices in composing differences arising among them, as by granting real privileges, which was then in the power of a bishop of Ely to do, before the pope's exemptions had freed them from his ordinary episcopal jurisdiction. And therefore he ordained that there should lie 20 no immediate appeal from the chancellor of the university to the bishop of Ely, without having the cause first adjudged by an appeal to the body. And there being then another body of grammarians in the university, under the government of the archdeacon of Ely and the magister 25 Glomeriæ, he limited the power of the archdeacon and of that master over these grammarians.

This magister Glomeriæ has puzzled all our antiquaries, some making him the same with the senior regent, others, the orator; one man makes him register, and an- 30 other, the sacellanus or university chaplain. He might

of the sepulchre] was anciently round, as appears from Adamnanus de locis sanctis apud Acta Sanctorum ord. Sti Benedicti sæc. III. par. 2da. præf. p. 505, where we have a map or cut of the old church at Jerusalem.

1 Stow, ibid. Quære Stow, or Buck of the universities in England? [Annales, ed. 1631]. p. 1070.

The old temple was of the same
form, as appeared when part of the
ruins of the old temple were seen to
remain builded of Caen stone, round
in form as the new temple by Temple
Bar, &c.
See Stow's Survey, edit.
1. p. 361.

Ex antiquo regro apud Hare
Collect. Vol. 1.

happen accidentally to be any of these, for he was usually chose out of the principal regents, and commonly, some noted humanist or orator: but that he was distinct from them all is pretty evident, because he continued an officer 5 after all these offices were in being.

Bishop Wren' is the most unhappy in his conjecture, who makes him to be the same with the sacellanus or chaplain; whereas this officer was much more modern in his institution, and his duty very different, being to com10 memorate and pray for the benefactors to the university, and do the other duties of a chaplain. This office continued some time after part of the duty ceased, and part of its endowment (being a house in Shoemakers' Row) was not alienated till an. 1599, when Dr Jegon being 15 vice-chancellor, it was sold by a grace of the house, though (as is there said) it had been given in pios usus. Another part of his salary was upon degrees, which was continued to the chaplain, or to the university under his name, till an. 1611, about which time, or somewhat 20 sooner, the public library keeper and orator's salary being augmented from degrees, this payment to the chaplain ceases. From this time I hear no more of this officer.

But the magister Glomeriæ is not heard of so late, and was an officer very different from the chaplain. He was 25 originally a sort of rector of the grammarians, as the chancellor was of the masters and other scholars; he had a power of examining and approving such as took degrees in grammar, both to their learning and manners, and in lesser causes had a jurisdiction over these grammarians: 30 and as the chancellor took an oath to the bishop of Ely at his confirmation, till an exemption was obtained from⭑ Boniface the Ninth, so the magister Glomeriæ took an oath (at his admission) to the archdeacon, even after this exemption, for the due observance and performance of his office: 35 the last instance whereof, that I meet with, was by John Newton, M. A., admitted magister Glomeriæ by the arch

1 De custod. Pemb. in vita Nich. Ridley.

Ex regro acad. ad an. 1599.

3 Ex regro acad.

4 V. Bullam Bonifacii Noni dat. an. 12° pontificatus.

5 Ex MS. Col. Corp. Chr. Tit. Statut. Cantabr.

deacon's official November 6 an. 1452, upon his taking the usual oath. The power of the magister Glomeria was afterwards more limited, and the last that bore that office (as far as my observation yet reaches) was Mr Cheeke (afterwards Sir John Cheeke) an. 1539, 40, though it is 5 very true there is later mention of the office1.

This was the nature of his office; as to the reason of the name, I am yet to seek, though I am apt to think it was derived a glomerando, from his congregating or gathering his scholars together, either for exercise, disci- 10 pline, or jurisdiction: for he had his bedel to this purpose. We meet with Glomer Lane upon the books3 in St Mary's parish, near King's college, where there was anciently an hostel for students in grammar, and probably the place of their assembly might be thereabouts: but whether the 15 master gave the name to the lane, or the lane to the master, I will not pretend to determine. These grammarians at King's being afterwards removed to God's house, and that house being suppressed upon the founding of Christ's college, we meet with few degrees in grammar after that 20 foundation.

I shall enlarge no further upon the services done the university by this worthy prelate, which were so considerable as justly to entitle him to annual exequies, which were solemnly decreed him by the university upon the 25 15th of June, being the day of his decease, as well as upon the vigil, the evening before: but the hospital seems not to have been so well satisfied, for he has no place among their benefactors. And therefore to repair their losses, or make good their wants, after his death they apply unto the 30 king then Edward the First, who gave them a grant of the forfeitures of victuals of forestallers and regraters towards the maintenance of poor scholars and other infirm people there the like grant having been formerly made to St John's hospital at Oxford, of the king's own foundation, 35 might possibly lead to this, or make the grant more easy;

1 Regrum acad. an. 1539, 1540. 2 Glomerare in our old synodals is used for congregare. V. Concil. Becanceld, &c.

3 V. Libr. Barnwell MS. p. 107. V. MS. Aul. Clar.

4 Statuta vetera acad. fol. 50.

An. reg. 21. Hare Collect. Vol. I.