The Canadian soil and climate are friendly to the growth of hops, of which enough is raised to supply the wants of the brewers. They grow very luxuriantly, and the flowers are very large; larger indeed than I ever remember to have seen in Kent. They are likely to become an article of consequence for exportation. Small quantities have already been sent to England.

Government have lately taken much pains to introduce the cultivation of hemp into Canada. The soil and climate are very well calculated for it; and some attempts that have been made, have completely succeeded. Government have lately sent out agents, who have had lands assigned to them for the cultivation of hemp, and for the purpose of shewing the people how to cultivate it; as example in aid of precept is most likely to be efficient. They have great hopes of being able to succeed in 'their endeavours to any extent that may be wanted. Time, of course, is necessary; for it is no easy matter to induce a poor ignorant farmer to embark in a species of agriculture with which he is unacquainted: he

naturally prefers certainty to hope; he knows he can both raise and sell wheat. However, as government have agreed to pay the farmer a price certain per ton, and as this price is more than what he would receive for the wheat produced on the land that produced the hemp, it is probable the quantity raised in the country in general, will increase very fast.

There is one thing that it is imagined will retard the business, which is, that according to the existing laws hemp pays no tythes to the clergy, who have great influence with their parishioners, and who, it is feared, may use that influence in counteracting the views of government. It would perhaps be a proper thing to make hemp a tytheable article, and thereby give the clergy an interest in promoting its cultivation equal to what they have in other things which the farmer produces. Wheat and all other grain pays one-twenty-sixth part in lieu of tythes.

It certainly is an object of great importance to Britain to draw from this country a constant supply of hemp. This would make her more independent of Russia,

from whose despotic, capricious government our trade is subject to great risks and losses, and even to a total stoppage. The importation of hemp from Russia has annually amounted to no less than 30,000 tons for the general consumption of the country, and for the use of the royal navy.

No part of the productions of Canada is likely to become of more importance to Britain than the produce of the forests, which consists of an abundance of different kinds of wood, fit for the purposes of the dockyard, as well as for the use of the house carpenter, and cabinet-maker. The dock-yard can be supplied with masts of the largest size. Some have been brought down to Quebec, 120 feet in length, and about four feet in diameter. It is the white pine which arrives at this immense size, and may be stiled the monarch of the Canadian forest.

There is a great varietyof fine oak timber. The Upper Canada oak is considered next to the British in quality, and superior to what comes from the Baltic. It is of a more open grain than the British oak, is softer, and

consequently does not last so long. There isno crooked oak timber in Canada, which is a disadvantage in ship-building, as there is a want of the timber necessary for knees. I cannot well inform you why there is no crooked oak in Canada. Perhaps it arises from the trees growing so close to each other in the forest, that they have not room to spread out their branches like the British oak; or perhaps the soil being very moist and rich, constantly covered with vegetable matter, the growth is too rapid to admit of all those twistings and elbows which seem so natural to the British oak. Or perhaps the Canada oak may be somewhat of a different species from the British. Whatever may be the cause, the fact is undoubted. The want of crooked timber for knees is remedied in some measure by the substitution of pine roots, which, the carpenters say, answer perfectly well, and are to be had in abund

ance.

The length and straightness of the Canada oak fits it for planking for ships, and for every other purpose for which oak

plank may be wanted. Staves for casks of all sorts are made to great advantage from the Canada oak.

Of the various kinds of wood fit for the purposes of the cabinet-maker and carpenter, with which the forests of Canada abound, I may mention maple, elm, ash, birch, hiccory, cherry-tree, and red cedar: of some of these there are different species. The curled maple and bird's-eye maple. make beautiful furniture. The cherry-tree also is highly esteemed ; the others are very useful for domestic purposes, and making implements of husbandry, &e.

No part of the Canada lumber is likely to become of more value than Staves, and the quantity might be increased to almost any extent, were the population of Canada more considerable. Staves, even at present, form a leading article of exportation. They are becoming daily better known, and better liked in Britain, as well as in the wine countries, particularly in Portugal and Madeira.

Staves are sold at so much per long thousand of 1200 standard staves. The standard stave is 5 feet long, and 1 inch

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